The Bacterial Diseases of Plants: A Critical Review of the Present State of Our Knowledge

1896 ◽  
Vol 30 (356) ◽  
pp. 626-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwin F. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Bacterial Diseases

Ralph's Case of Authors: Its Influence on Goldsmith and Isaac D'Israeli

PMLA ◽  
1937 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-113
Author(s):  
Robert W. Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Oliver Goldsmith ◽  
Monthly Review ◽  
Professional Writers ◽  
Favorable Comment

In 1758, after thirty years of hack writing, James Ralph published The Case of Authors by Profession, a short pamphlet which vigorously defended professional writers and severely arraigned their principal employers, the booksellers, theatre managers, and politicians. The essay received favorable comment in the Monthly Review and the Critical Review as a just appraisal of the difficulties of authorship. It has additional interest because Oliver Goldsmith may very well have received from it certain ideas which appeared in his Essay on the Present State of Polite Learning in Europe, and because from it Isaac D'Israeli quoted, without acknowledgement, extensive passages which appeared in his Calamities of Authors.

International Investment Arbitration

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
McLachlan Campbell ◽  
Shore Laurence ◽  
Weiniger Matthew
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Present State ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
International Investment ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Investment Treaty ◽  
Investment Arbitration ◽  
Author Team ◽  
Substantive Law ◽  
Investment Treaty Arbitration

This is the long-awaited second edition of this widely-referenced work on the substantive law principles of investment treaty arbitration. It forms a detailed critical review of the substantive principles of international law applied by investment arbitration tribunals, and a clear and comprehensive description of the present state of the law. The first edition met with immediate success as a result of the authors’ achievement in describing and analysing the volume of law created, applied and analysed by tribunals. The second edition is fully updated to take account of the arbitration awards rendered in the period since 2007. Written by an internationally recognised author team, it is now the most comprehensive and up to date work in its field and no practitioner or academic can afford to be without it.

Etude des mobilités ioniques dans les mélanges eau–hexaméthylphosphotriamide (HMPT) à 25 °C. II. Application de la théorie de Zwanzig au comportement des ions monovalents

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 1127-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Yves Gal ◽  
Christine Laville ◽  
Françoise Persin ◽  
Michel Persin ◽  
Jean-Claude Bollinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Solvent Interactions ◽  
Monovalent Ions ◽  
Free Ion ◽  
The Individual

The electrical conductibilities of 19 1-1 MX electrolytes (M = alkaline, quaternary ammonium; X = perchlorate, halide, nitrate) in water–hexamethylphosphotriamide mixtures at 25 °C has been measured. The individual conductibilities of 17 monovalent ions in these mixtures were calculated using the hypothesis of ion equimobility in Bu4NBPh4. Following a critical review of the traditionally used methods, it has been shown that, from these results, Zwanzig's theory alone allows the objective assessment of ion–solvent interactions. However, this theory at its present state of development cannot be used to elucidate all the problems (because Zwanzig considers the displacement of the free ion) but it does distinguish the nature of the interactions between an ion and the solvent, depending on the mobility of that ion.

scholarly journals The Present State of Lithium for the Prevention of Dementia Related to Alzheimer’s Dementia in Clinical and Epidemiological Studies: A Critical Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7756
Author(s):  
Nobuyoshi Ishii ◽  
Takeshi Terao ◽  
Hirofumi Hirakawa
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Present State ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 ◽  
Phosphorylated Tau ◽  
Dementia Prevention

Despite the unavailability of essential anti-dementia drugs, lithium may inhibit glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) and decrease beta-amyloid and hyper-phosphorylated tau. In this review, we hypothesized that trace to standard levels of lithium (i.e., corresponding to the therapeutic levels for bipolar disorder) may be effective for dementia prevention. Excluding three insufficient level studies, we obtained two and one excellent clinical studies on standard and trace lithium levels, respectively, all of which supported the effects of lithium for dementia prevention. In addition, we identified good clinical and epidemiological studies (four each) on standard lithium levels, of which six studies supported the effects of lithium. Moreover, of three good epidemiological studies on trace lithium levels, two supported the aforementioned effects of lithium. The number of studies were substantially small, particularly those on trace lithium levels. Moreover, studies on standard lithium levels were insufficient to establish the efficacy of lithium for dementia prevention. This necessitates accumulating good or excellent clinical evidence for the effects of trace to standard lithium levels on dementia prevention.

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