Etude des mobilités ioniques dans les mélanges eau–hexaméthylphosphotriamide (HMPT) à 25 °C. II. Application de la théorie de Zwanzig au comportement des ions monovalents

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 1127-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Yves Gal ◽  
Christine Laville ◽  
Françoise Persin ◽  
Michel Persin ◽  
Jean-Claude Bollinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Solvent Interactions ◽  
Monovalent Ions ◽  
Free Ion ◽  
The Individual

The electrical conductibilities of 19 1-1 MX electrolytes (M = alkaline, quaternary ammonium; X = perchlorate, halide, nitrate) in water–hexamethylphosphotriamide mixtures at 25 °C has been measured. The individual conductibilities of 17 monovalent ions in these mixtures were calculated using the hypothesis of ion equimobility in Bu4NBPh4. Following a critical review of the traditionally used methods, it has been shown that, from these results, Zwanzig's theory alone allows the objective assessment of ion–solvent interactions. However, this theory at its present state of development cannot be used to elucidate all the problems (because Zwanzig considers the displacement of the free ion) but it does distinguish the nature of the interactions between an ion and the solvent, depending on the mobility of that ion.

FUNCTIONING OF THE MENTAL DEFENSES IN THE CONDUCT OF INTERROGATION WITHIN THE CRIMINAL PROCESS

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 2161-2165
Author(s):  
Hristo Ivanov Popnikolov
Keyword(s):  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Criminal Process ◽  
External Influences ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
Individual Protection ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Subjective Side

From the subject presented in the report it is evident that the pre-trial and the court bodies may, to some extent, be influenced both by the person of the accused and by his competence to participate in the criminal process. In this regard as an expert, the psychologist can offer invaluable assistance. Each expertise would assist all actors involved in the administration of justice on their objective assessment of the offenders, the understanding of their individual protection and the inherent self-justification during procedural actions. The involvement of psychologists in the criminal process is key to establishing the truth in the investigation, because every crime as an act has a subjective side, expressed in the psychic attitude of the perpetrator to the committed act. Establishing these psychological motives is a key point in the criminal process with a view to establishing the truth.Psychological protection stabilizes the personality in the critical conditions of counteraction, related to the elimination of the experiences of tension, anxiety, stress and frustration, leading to maximum mobilization of its resources and at the same time to their overpayment. Thus, the individual who is the subject of the process action is protected against the adverse external influences, but at the cost of a lot of effort and enormous loss of nervous-mental energy, which increases his own vulnerability instead of contributing to its reduction. The appearance and functioning of psychological protection can be significantly impeded by the interaction of the investigator with the accused. Even more complicated is the situation when it breaks the communication contact that may arise in the psychological alienation and self-isolation of the accused due to the desire to protect himself.Protective psychological dominance is a real psychic activity that investigators, investigators, investigators and judges need to take into account in order to effectively deal with their task and to overcome the resistance of the investigated persons and in a time to prove in a lawful and moral way their guilt and participation in the commitment of the crimes.

A Critical Review of Theories and Models of Technology Adoption and Acceptance in Information System Research

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Tarhini ◽  
Nalin Asanka Gamagedara Arachchilage ◽  
Ra'ed Masa'deh ◽  
Muhammad Sharif Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Technology Adoption ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
System Research ◽  
Information System Research ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual

Previous research shows that selecting an appropriate theory or model has always remained a critical task for IS researchers. To the best of the authors' knowledge, there are few papers that review and compare the acceptance theories and models at the individual level. Hence, this article aims to overcome this problem by providing a critical review of eight of the most influential theories that have been used to predict and explain human behaviour towards adoption of various technologies at the individual level. This article also summarizes their evolution; highlight the key constructs, extensions, strengths, and criticisms from a selective list of published articles appeared in the literature related to IS. This review provides a holistic picture for future researchers in selecting appropriate single/multiple theoretical models/constructs based on their strengths and weaknesses and in terms of predictive power and path significance. It is concluded that a well-established theory should consider the personal, social, cultural, technological, organizational and environmental factors

scholarly journals Intrinsic Dependence of Groundwater Cation Hydraulic and Concentration Features on Negatively Charged Thin Composite Nanofiltration Membrane Rejection and Permeation Behavior

Membranes ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Miroslav Kukučka ◽  
Nikoleta Kukučka Stojanović
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Gibbs Free Energy ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Nanofiltration Membrane ◽  
Ion Rejection ◽  
Monovalent Ions ◽  
Rejection Coefficient ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Volumetric Flux

Commercial nanofiltration membranes of different molecular weight cut-offs were tested on a pilot plant for the exploration of permeation nature of Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Na and ammonium ions. Correlation of transmembrane pressure and rejection quotient versus volumetric flux efficiency on nanofiltration membrane rejection and permeability behavior toward hydrated divalent and monovalent ions separation from the natural groundwater was observed. Membrane ion rejection affinity (MIRA) dimension was established as normalized TMP with regard to permeate solute moiety representing pressure value necessary for solute rejection change of 1%. Ion rejection coefficient (IRC) was introduced to evaluate the membrane rejection capability, and to indicate the prevailed nanofiltration partitioning mechanism near the membrane surface. Positive values of the IRC indicated satisfactory rejection efficiency of the membrane process and its negative values ensigned very low rejection affinity and high permeability of the membranes for the individual solutes. The TMP quotient and the efficiency of rejection for individual cations showed upward and downward trends along with flux utilization increase. Nanofiltration process was observed as an equilibrium. The higher the Gibbs free energy was, cation rejection was more exothermic and valuably enlarged. Low Gibbs free energy values circumferentially closer to endothermic zone indicated expressed ions permeation.

Learning organization – organization emerging from presence

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30
Author(s):  
Nataša Rupčić
Keyword(s):  
Learning Organization ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Wicked Problems ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the possibilities of transcending individual, organizational and social problems through the prism of presence as suggested by Senge et al. (2012). Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on the critical review of previous contributions. Findings The idea of a learning organization seems romantic and elusive, as well as difficult to implement, especially when the definition by Senge (1990) is considered. At the same time, organizational and social complexity is increasing and resulting in numerous difficult or wicked problems. To reach integrative and transcending solutions, a change in perception and surrender to presence is key. Research limitations/implications Conclusions provided in the paper could benefit from further practice to corroborate the findings. Practical implications Suggestions for practitioners have been provided on how to solve personal, organizational and social problems on the basis of the paradigm shift and the shift in perception. Originality/value In this paper, the individual, organizational and social dimensions in terms of their intricacies are considered and solutions are offered that could simultaneously solve wicked problems on all three levels.

Reversible conduction block produced by lipid-insoluble quaternary ammonium ions in cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-treated nerves

1959 ◽  
Vol 197 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond R. Walsh ◽  
Stanley E. Deal
Keyword(s):  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Surface Active Agent ◽  
Conduction Block ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Ammonium Ions ◽  
Axonal Conduction ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Ions ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
The Individual

Frog sciatic nerves were excised and treated in a Ringer's solution containing the surface-active agent, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTMB). Such CTMB-treated nerves were compared to normal, untreated nerves with respect to their susceptibility to conduction block produced by six lipid-insoluble quaternary ammonium ions; the CTMB-treated nerves were rendered especially susceptible to rapid, reversible conduction block. A possible mechanism of CTMB action is proposed, involving chemo-dissection of permeability barriers which normally surround the individual axons. The findings that acetylcholine, curare, etc. can produce reversible, axonal conduction block in CTMB-treated nerves are not inconsistent with a theory of cholinergic impulse conduction.

scholarly journals A Child’s Perception of Their Developmental Difficulties in Relation to Their Adult Assessment. Analysis of the INPP Questionnaire

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Alina Demiy ◽  
Agata Kalemba ◽  
Maria Lorent ◽  
Anna Pecuch ◽  
Ewelina Wolańska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Present State ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Scientific Conference ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual

This study involved a comparison of the perception of developmental difficulties in a child by the parents, the teacher, and through the child’s self-assessment. Based on the Institute for Neuro-Psychological Psychology (INPP) questionnaire according to S. Goddard Blythe, three groups were examined: schoolchildren, parents, and teachers. Each of them answered a set of 21 questions and assessed the degree of occurrence of a given difficulty for the child on a scale from 0 to 4. The questions concerned psychomotor problems related to balance, motor coordination and concentration, as well as school skills. In total, 49 questionnaires from children and parents and 46 from teachers were used for the study. The mean answer to each question was calculated within the following groups: child–parent, child–teacher, and parent–teacher. The sum of the children’s answer points was significantly higher than the sum of the parents’ answer points (p = 0.037). Children assessed their developmental difficulties more strongly than teachers, but this difference was not statistically significant. The individual difficulties of the children were assessed significantly more seriously or more gently than by the National Scientific Conference “Human health problems—causes, present state, ways for the future” speeches by 44 teacher participants on 5 June 2020. Parents and teachers also assessed the children’s difficulties significantly differently (p = 0.044). The biggest difference in answers concerned the question of maintaining attention. The obtained results indicate a significant difference in the perception of difficulties occurring in the same child by the teacher and the parent. The child’s behavior in school and home environments may be different and, depending on the requirements, assessed differently. Children perceive their difficulties much more seriously than adults. Talking and the support of adults can make it easier for a child to overcome developmental difficulties.

scholarly journals The individual in China

1988 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Lester Ross ◽  
Mitchell Silk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
Present State ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Individual Rights ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The Individual

In spite of rebuffs, China's reformers are still in charge, as the recent 13th Congress confirmed. We look at the present state of political and economic reform, the rule of law, and individual rights

Ralph's Case of Authors: Its Influence on Goldsmith and Isaac D'Israeli

PMLA ◽  
1937 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-113
Author(s):  
Robert W. Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Oliver Goldsmith ◽  
Monthly Review ◽  
Professional Writers ◽  
Favorable Comment

In 1758, after thirty years of hack writing, James Ralph published The Case of Authors by Profession, a short pamphlet which vigorously defended professional writers and severely arraigned their principal employers, the booksellers, theatre managers, and politicians. The essay received favorable comment in the Monthly Review and the Critical Review as a just appraisal of the difficulties of authorship. It has additional interest because Oliver Goldsmith may very well have received from it certain ideas which appeared in his Essay on the Present State of Polite Learning in Europe, and because from it Isaac D'Israeli quoted, without acknowledgement, extensive passages which appeared in his Calamities of Authors.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document