Needles in Haystacks: Studying "Rare" Populations by Secondary Analysis of National Sample Surveys

1975 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 514 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Shelton Reed
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Surveys ◽  
Rare Populations

scholarly journals Reframing the Medication Experience in Pharmacy Using Seminal Concepts of Patient-Centered Care—Implications for Practice

Pharmacy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Brian Isetts ◽  
Anthony Olson ◽  
Jon Schommer
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Relationship ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Patient Centered Care ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Patient Centeredness ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Centered Care ◽  
Medication Experience

Team-based, Patient-Centered Care is essential to chronic disease prevention and management but there are differing ideas about the concept’s meaning across healthcare populations, settings and professions. This commentary’s objective is to empirically evaluate the theoretical relationships of the [a] Medication Experience, [b] Patient-Centeredness and other relevant component concepts from pharmaceutical care (i.e., [c] Therapeutic Relationship, [d] Patient-specific preferences for achieving goals of therapy and resolving drug therapy problems) so as to provide practice-based insights. This is achieved using a secondary analysis of 213 excerpts generated from in-depth semi-structured interviews with a national sample of pharmacists and patients about Patient-Centeredness in pharmacist practice. The four component concepts (i.e., a–d) related to the objective were examined and interpreted using a novel 3-archetype heuristic (i.e., Partner, Client and Customer) revealing common practice-based themes related to care preferences and expectations in collaborative goal setting, enduring relationships, value co-creation and evolving patient expectations during challenging medical circumstances. Most practice-based insights were generated within the Partner archetype, likely reflecting high congruence with pharmacist and patient responses related to the Medication Experience and Therapeutic Relationship. The practice-based insights may be especially useful for new practitioners and students accelerating their advancement in providing effective and efficient Patient-Centered Care.

Usability of India’s government statistics1

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Vikas Kumar
Keyword(s):  
National Sample ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Sample Surveys ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Government Statistics

The quality of metadata is a crucial determinant of usability/interpretability of data. This paper draws attention to the poor quality of India’s government statistics and the paucity of metadata necessary to understand the problems. The paper suggests that there has been a decline in India both in terms of the availability and quality of metadata for key government sources of information including maps, decennial population censuses and National Sample Surveys amidst growing sophistication in the understanding of metadata. The poor quality of metadata impairs cross-sectional as well as inter-temporal comparisons and policymaking apart from concealing biases and lapses of government statisticians. The paper draws on the experience of three states – erstwhile Jammu and Kashmir, Manipur and Nagaland – where government statistics have been affected by serious errors that are not well-understood due to the lack of adequate metadata.

scholarly journals Experienced Adversity in Life Is Associated With Polarized and Affirmed Political Attitudes

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 652-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Randles ◽  
Steven J. Heine ◽  
Michael Poulin ◽  
Roxane Cohen Silver
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Political Attitudes ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Adverse Life Events ◽  
Over Time

Many studies find that when made to feel uncertain, participants respond by affirming importantly held beliefs. However, while theories argue that these effects should persist over time for highly disruptive experiences, almost no research has been performed outside the lab. We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a national sample of U.S. adults ( N = 1,613) who were followed longitudinally for 3 years. Participants reported lifetime and recent adversities experienced annually, as well as their opinions on a number of questions related to intergroup hostility and aggression toward out-groups, similar to those used in many lab studies of uncertainty. We anticipated that those who had experienced adversity would show more extreme support for their position. There was a positive relationship between adversity and the tendency to strongly affirm and polarize their positions. Results suggest that adverse life events may lead to long-lasting changes in one’s tendency to polarize one’s political attitudes.

Psychosocial Correlates and Early Substance Abuse Associated With Lifetime Hallucinogen Use Among Hispanic Young Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Yockey ◽  
Keith King ◽  
Rebecca Vidourek
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Hispanic Population ◽  
Culturally Competent ◽  
Psychosocial Correlates ◽  
The Past ◽  
Hispanic Adults ◽  
High Prevalence

Introduction: The Hispanic population is among the most rapid growing populations in the United States. Continued research is needed regarding factors associated with substance abuse and Hispanic individuals. The present study examined psychosocial correlates to lifetime hallucinogen use among a national sample of Hispanic adults. Method: A secondary analysis of the 2017 National Survey on Drug Use and Health was conducted. Questions assessing previous lifetime substance use, psychosocial factors, and demographics were completed by 2,866 Hispanic adults. Weighted logistic regression analyses were used to identify significant predictors of lifetime hallucinogen use. Results: Results indicated that greater than one in seven (15.1%) of Hispanic adults reported having ever used hallucinogens (lifetime use). Findings from the final multivariate regression revealed that those most likely to report lifetime hallucinogen use were male, used alcohol, marijuana, cigars, cigarettes, inhalants, and cocaine before the age of 21, and binge drank in the past 30 days. Discussion: Culturally competent prevention strategies aimed at addressing hallucinogen use among Hispanics are needed. Further research studies examining psychosocial reasons explaining the high prevalence of hallucinogen use among this population are warranted.

scholarly journals Screening, Counseling, and Health Care Utilization Among a National Sample of Adolescent Smokers

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 467-475
Author(s):  
Ashley L. Merianos ◽  
E. Melinda Mahabee-Gittens
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Utilization ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Adolescent Smokers ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Fair Poor ◽  
Smoking And Health

Our objective was to assess the association between cigarette smoking and tobacco use screening and advising to quit use by a clinician among adolescents nationwide. We also examined the relationships between smoking and health-related indicators and health care utilization. A secondary analysis of the 2017 National Survey on Drug Use and Health was conducted (N = 11 884). Ever smokers were less likely to be screened for tobacco use. Current smokers and those who were nicotine dependent were more likely to have been advised to quit use. Ever and current smokers were significantly more likely to report good/fair/poor health status, illness-related school absenteeism in the past 30 days, and were more likely to have had an emergency department visit or an overnight hospital stay. Standardized tobacco control efforts are needed in health care settings to support clinicians to screen all adolescents for tobacco use and advise every smoker irrespective of smoking frequency to quit use.

Voluntary Association Participation and Life Satisfaction: Replication, Revision, and Extension

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neal E. Cutler
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Voluntary Associations ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Voluntary Association ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
Organizational Satisfaction ◽  
Age Appropriate ◽  
Overall Life Satisfaction

A secondary analysis of a national sample of American adults is used to examine the correlation between membership in voluntary associations and life satisfaction. It is hypothesized that the influence of membership on overall life satisfaction is indirect: Membership influences organizational satisfaction; in turn, organizational satisfaction influences satisfaction with life as a whole. The findings suggest that the hypothesized pattern of relationships is not ubiquitously present for all four of the older age categories studied. Such differences suggest the critical importance of utilizing age-appropriate rather than generic indicators when studying these issues.

scholarly journals Parenting Behaviors Associated with Past-Year Tranquilizer Use Among a National Sample of Adolescents: Results from the 2017 National Survey on Drug Use & Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Andrew Yockey ◽  
Keith A. King ◽  
Rebecca A. Vidourek
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Parenting Behaviors ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Illicit Substance Use ◽  
Health Trajectories ◽  
Fair Poor ◽  
The Relationship

Parenting behaviors have profound influence on typically developing adolescents’ health trajectories. Further research is warranted on the relationship between specific parenting behaviors and illicit substance use. The present study sought to examine past-year parenting behaviors and past-year tranquilizer use among a national sample of adolescents. A secondary analysis of 13,722 adolescents who participated in the 2017 National Survey on Drug Use and Health was conducted. Weighted univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify relationships of parenting behaviors and past-year tranquilizer use. A total of 4.65% (n = 635) of adolescents reported past-year tranquilizer use. Significant predictors included age (14-15 years old OR: 1.91, p <.001; 16-years old OR: 3.39, p <.001), sex (Female, OR:1.28, p <.01), race (African-American, OR: 0.58, p <.001; Asian, OR: 0.32, p <.001), health status (Good/Fair/Poor, OR: 1.85, p <.001), not setting limits on television (OR: 1.24, p < .05), not telling your child that they are doing a good job (OR: 1.57, p <.01), and not making them do chores (OR: 1.41, p <.05). Recommendations (e.g., focus groups) for health professionals are included.

scholarly journals Clinical characteristics of Australian osteopaths who teach: A national sample

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-109
Author(s):  
Paul Orrock ◽  
Brett Vaughan ◽  
Michael Fleischmann ◽  
Kylie Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Supervision ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
National Sample ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Binary Responses ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Nationally Representative

Background: Health professionals involved in teaching future practitioners have been studied to some extent, but our knowledge of their clinical characteristics is variable. Our study sought to profile the clinical characteristics of osteopaths who teach in the three Australian universities delivering pre-professional osteopathy education.Materials: This study is a secondary analysis of data collected via the Australian Osteopathy Research and Innovation Network (ORION) project. Descriptive statistics were generated for each of the 27-item questionnaire variables. For binary responses, unadjusted odds ratios were calculated, and for continuous variables, independent t-tests were used. Backward step-wise regression modelling was used to identify significant characteristics associated with university teaching in osteopathy. Results: The survey demonstrated 9.9% of Australian osteopaths reported being involved in university teaching. Compared to non-teaching survey respondents, the osteopaths involved in university teaching were more likely to be female (OR 1.56), older (p  0.01) and in clinical practice for longer (p  0.01) but report fewer patient care hours (p  0.01) and patient visits per week (p  0.01). Osteopaths involved in university teaching were also more likely to be involved in research (OR 18.54) and clinical supervision (OR 12.39). They also reported a broader range of patient presentations and therapeutic modalities than their counterparts.Conclusions: This nationally representative survey demonstrates a small percentage of the Australian osteopathy profession are engaged in university teaching. Our secondary analysis has highlighted several characteristics associated with involvement in university teaching that begin to shed light on the composition of the Australian osteopathy teaching workforce. This data may inform development of a skilled and experienced teaching workforce.

scholarly journals Taking a critical stance towards mixed methods research: A cross-disciplinary qualitative secondary analysis of researchers’ views

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0252014
Author(s):  
Sergi Fàbregues ◽  
Elsa Lucia Escalante-Barrios ◽  
José Francisco Molina-Azorin ◽  
Quan Nha Hong ◽  
Joan Miquel Verd
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Thoughtful Criticism

Recent growth and institutionalization in the field of mixed methods research has provided fertile ground for a wide range of thoughtful criticism of how this research approach has been developed and conceptualized by some members of the mixed methods community. This criticism reflects the increasing maturity of the field as well as the different theoretical perspectives and methodological practices of researchers in different disciplines. While debates addressing these criticisms are likely to lead to valuable insights, no empirical studies have been carried out to date that have investigated researchers’ critical views on the development and conceptualization of mixed methods research. This study examines the criticisms of the mixed methods field raised by a cross-national sample of researchers in education, nursing, psychology, and sociology. We carried out a secondary analysis of semi-structured interviews with 42 researchers and identified 11 different criticisms, which we classified in four domains: essence of mixed methods, philosophy, procedures, and politics. The criticisms related to the procedures domain were equally distributed among the four disciplines, while those related to the essence, philosophy and politics domains were more common among sociologists. Based on our findings, we argue that the divergence of views on foundational issues in this field reflects researchers’ affiliation to different communities of practice, each having its own principles, values, and interests. We suggest that a greater awareness of this divergence of perspectives could help researchers establish effective collaboration and anticipate potential challenges when working with researchers having different methodological approaches.

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