The "standard Model" for Massive Stars in General Relativity

1966 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Tooper
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Massive Stars ◽  
The Standard Model

Beyond the Standard Model

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Baulieu ◽  
John Iliopoulos ◽  
Roland Sénéor
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
General Relativity ◽  
Supergravity Models ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Field Theories ◽  
Beyond The Standard Model ◽  
Super Symmetry ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Topological Field ◽  
Supersymmetric Theories

The motivation for supersymmetry. The algebra, the superspace, and the representations. Field theory models and the non-renormalisation theorems. Spontaneous and explicit breaking of super-symmetry. The generalisation of the Montonen–Olive duality conjecture in supersymmetric theories. The remarkable properties of extended supersymmetric theories. A brief discussion of twisted supersymmetry in connection with topological field theories. Attempts to build a supersymmetric extention of the standard model and its experimental consequences. The property of gauge supersymmetry to include general relativity and the supergravity models.

scholarly journals Effective field theory, past and future

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (06) ◽  
pp. 1630007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Weinberg
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
General Relativity ◽  
Effective Field Theories ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Effective Field Theory ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Field Theories ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Theory Of Gravitation

I reminisce about the early development of effective field theories of the strong interactions, comment briefly on some other applications of effective field theories, and then take up the idea that the Standard Model and General Relativity are the leading terms in an effective field theory. Finally, I cite recent calculations that suggest that the effective field theory of gravitation and matter is asymptotically safe.

scholarly journals Basic Phenomenal Objects, or How a Multitude of Fundamental Particles Can Be Reduced to Just One Single Basic Entity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. P. Schuttevaar ◽  
V. Schuttevaar
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Universal Theory ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Fundamental Particles ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Basic Entity ◽  
Interaction Law ◽  
Upper Boundary

Abstract This paper introduces a novel unification model, basic phenomenal objects (BPO), which attempts to challenge the standard model. The claim is that BPO performs well on all five major scientific virtues (i.e. simplicity, universality, consistency, empirical accuracy, fertility). Namely, for a universal theory, BPO is very simple, as it only requires one type of basic entity – the basic phenomenal object – possessing only three attributes (basic velocity, basic mutuality, basic inertia), of which the behavior is guided by only two laws (interaction law, asymmetry law). Moreover, these foundations of BPO are also consistent with important theories, such as crucial parts of general relativity and QM, can derive important empirical results (e.g. the gyro-magnetic ratio of particles), provide novel explanations (e.g. the structure of anti-matter), and state novel predictions (e.g. an upper boundary to the energy of a stable neutrino).

Role of gravity in particle physics: A unified approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 2041012
Author(s):  
Pedro D. Alvarez ◽  
Mauricio Valenzuela ◽  
Jorge Zanelli
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Lorentz Transformations ◽  
Unified Approach ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Matter Fields

General Relativity (GR) and the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics are two enormously successful frameworks for our understanding the fundamental laws of nature. However, these theoretical schemes are widely disconnected, logically independent and unrelated in scope. Yet, GR and SM at some point must intersect, producing claims about phenomena that should be reconciled. Be it as it may, both schemes share a common basic ground: symmetry under local Lorentz transformations. Here, we will focus on the consequences of assuming this feature from the beginning to combine geometry, matter fields and gauge interactions. We give a rough description of how this could be instrumental for the construction of a unified scheme of gravitation and particle physics.

THE SPECTRUM OF SCALAR FLUCTUATIONS OF A BOUNCING UNIVERSE

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (15) ◽  
pp. 3095-3105 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. CAMPISTA ◽  
M. NOVELLO ◽  
J. M. SALIM
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Hubble Parameter ◽  
Inhomogeneous Structure ◽  
Small Perturbations ◽  
Actual Distribution ◽  
Bouncing Universe ◽  
Cluster Of Galaxies ◽  
The Standard Model

In the last years, the idea of the existence of a collapsing phase previous to the actual expanding one has attracted attention in many different contexts (being very active!). There are many reasons for this, which concerns the standard model and its difficulties in dealing with a singularity which — in the words of the creator of general relativity — means the failure of the equations of general relativity to represent the gravitational field in those regions of extraordinary high curvature. However, we would like to point out just one: the possibility of deciding the existence of such primordial collapsing phase by observational tests due to the inprint it could be left in the inhomogeneous structure that constitutes the actual distribution of galaxies and cluster of galaxies. In this vein, the purpose of the present work is to analyze a particular bouncing universe and the evolution of small perturbations. To realize such analysis when the geometry has a bouncing (that is, the associated Hubble parameter — that measures the rate of the velocity of the expansion through [Formula: see text] — has a zero) the standard Lifshitz–Bardeen–Mukhanov variables/method is not the best one. Instead, we use the most well-behaved standard quasi-Maxwellian equations of perturbation introduced by Hawking and developed by Ellis et al. and Novello et al.

scholarly journals Observing the Dark Sector

Universe ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Valerio Marra ◽  
Rogerio Rosenfeld ◽  
Riccardo Sturani
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Dark Sector ◽  
The Standard Model

Despite the observational success of the standard model of cosmology, present-day observations do not tightly constrain the nature of dark matter and dark energy and modifications to the theory of general relativity. Here, we will discuss some of the ongoing and upcoming surveys that will revolutionize our understanding of the dark sector.

scholarly journals Renormalizable Gravitational Action That Reduces to General Relativity on the Mass-Shell

Galaxies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Peter Morley
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Scalar Curvature ◽  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Mass Shell ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Gravitational Action ◽  
The Standard Model

We derive the equation that relates gravity to quantum mechanics: R|mass-shell=8πGc4LSM, where R is the scalar curvature, G is the gravitational constant, c is the speed of light and LSM is the Standard Model Lagrangian, or its future replacement. Implications of this equation are discussed in the paper. In particular, we show (in the last section) that this equation is the transformation that relates four-dimensional physics to two-dimensional physics.

scholarly journals Mass at rest after quantum information

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasil Dinev Penchev
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Quantum Information ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Quantum System ◽  
Reference Frame ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Single Quantum ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
The Axiom Of Choice ◽  
The Big Bang

The way, in which quantum information can unify quantum mechanics (and therefore the Standard model) and general relativity, is investigated. Quantum information is defined as the generalization of the concept of information as to the choice among infinite sets of alternatives. Relevantly, the axiom of choice is necessary in general. The unit of quantum information, a qubit is interpreted as a relevant elementary choice among an infinite set of alternatives generalizing that of a bit. The invariance to the axiom of choice shared by quantum mechanics is introduced: It constitutes quantum information as the relation of any state unorderable in principle (e.g. any coherent quantum state before measurement) and the same state already well-ordered (e.g. the well-ordered statistical ensemble of the measurement of the quantum system at issue). This allows of equating the classical and quantum time correspondingly as the well-ordering of any physical quantity or quantities and their coherent superposition. That equating is interpretable as the isomorphism of Minkowski space and Hilbert space. Quantum information is the structure interpretable in both ways and thus underlying their unification. Its deformation is representable correspondingly as gravitation in the deformed pseudo-Riemannian space of general relativity and the entanglement of two or more quantum systems. The Standard model studies a single quantum system and thus privileges a single reference frame turning out to be inertial for the generalized symmetry U(1)XSU(2)XSU(3) “gauging” the Standard model. As the Standard model refers to a single quantum system, it is necessarily linear and thus the corresponding privileged reference frame is necessary inertial. The Higgs mechanism U(1) → U(1)XSU(2) confirmed enough already experimentally describes exactly the choice of the initial position of a privileged reference frame as the corresponding breaking of the symmetry. The Standard model defines ‘mass at rest’ linearly and absolutely, but general relativity non-linearly and relatively. The “Big Bang” hypothesis is additional interpreting that position as that of the “Big Bang”. It serves also in order to reconcile the linear Standard model in the singularity of the “Big Bang” with the observed nonlinearity of the further expansion of the universe described very well by general relativity. Quantum information links the Standard model and general relativity in another way by mediation of entanglement. The linearity and absoluteness of the former and the nonlinearity and relativeness of the latter can be considered as the relation of a whole and the same whole divided into parts entangled in general

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