scholarly journals PREPARATION, PURIFICATION, AND PROPERTIES OF E. COLI VIRUS T2

1952 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger M. Herriott ◽  
James L. Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Acid Fraction ◽  
Trichloracetic Acid ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
E Coli ◽  
General Properties ◽  
Fractionation Procedure ◽  
Purification And Properties

1. A method for the preparation of 8 to 10 liter quantities of T2 virus lysates, titering 2 to 5 x 1011 infectious units per ml. has been described. 2. Procedures have been developed for the concentration and purification of virus to a high specific infectivity. No fractionation procedure of the several used succeeded in further raising the specific infectivity of these purified preparations. 3. Some of the general properties of the better preparations have been determined. They exhibited titers of 2 x 1015 infective units per gm. of material or 1.2 x 1016 per gm. of nitrogen. 4. A study of the distribution of nitrogen among the various fractions of the virus showed that about 6 per cent of the total nitrogen is soluble in 4 per cent trichloracetic acid; that the protein nitrogen is about 40 per cent of the total and the nucleic acid nitrogen is 53 per cent. At least 96 per cent of the total phosphorus is in the nucleic acid fraction. Less than 0.5 per cent quantities of lipid and PNA were found.

THE UTILIZATION OF ETHANOL FOR BIOSYNTHESIS IN ESCHERICHIA COLI

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 839-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. de Leon ◽  
E. H. Creaser
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
Acid Fraction ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid ◽  
Cell Components

Radioactivity from 1-C14-ethanol was incorporated into the macromolecular components of Escherichia coli when this organism was grown on a synthetic glucose–salts medium. No significant incorporation was observed with mammalian tissues.Incorporation was greater in E. coli cells growing anaerobically than in non-growing or aerobically growing cells. The addition of sodium fumarate increased the incorporation in anaerobically growing cells approximately threefold.Over 90% of the incorporated radioactivity was found in the lipid and protein fractions of the cell, only a small amount being detectable in the nucleic acid fraction. The distribution of radioactivity among the various cell components was such that it appeared that ethanol was utilized by the same biosynthetic pathways as acetate. No evidence could be found to support the view that ethanol carbon was incorporated into deoxyribose of the deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) via acetaldehyde.

THE UTILIZATION OF ETHANOL FOR BIOSYNTHESIS IN ESCHERICHIA COLI

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 839-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. de Leon ◽  
E. H. Creaser
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
Acid Fraction ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid ◽  
Cell Components

Radioactivity from 1-C14-ethanol was incorporated into the macromolecular components of Escherichia coli when this organism was grown on a synthetic glucose–salts medium. No significant incorporation was observed with mammalian tissues.Incorporation was greater in E. coli cells growing anaerobically than in non-growing or aerobically growing cells. The addition of sodium fumarate increased the incorporation in anaerobically growing cells approximately threefold.Over 90% of the incorporated radioactivity was found in the lipid and protein fractions of the cell, only a small amount being detectable in the nucleic acid fraction. The distribution of radioactivity among the various cell components was such that it appeared that ethanol was utilized by the same biosynthetic pathways as acetate. No evidence could be found to support the view that ethanol carbon was incorporated into deoxyribose of the deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) via acetaldehyde.

scholarly journals Modeling and Prioritizing Interventions Using Pollution Hotspots for Reducing Nutrients, Atrazine and E. coli Concentrations in a Watershed

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Olufemi Abimbola ◽  
Aaron Mittelstet ◽  
Tiffany Messer ◽  
Elaine Berry ◽  
Ann van Griensven
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Filter Strip ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Creek Watershed ◽  
Gauging Station

Excess nutrients and herbicides remain two major causes of waterbody impairment globally. In an attempt to better understand pollutant sources in the Big Sandy Creek Watershed (BSCW) and the prospects for successful remediation, a program was initiated to assist agricultural producers with the implementation of best management practices (BMPs). The objectives were to (1) simulate BMPs within hotspots to determine reductions in pollutant loads and (2) to determine if water-quality standards are met at the watershed outlet. Regression-based load estimator (LOADEST) was used for determining sediment, nutrient and atrazine loads, while artificial neural networks (ANN) were used for determining E. coli concentrations. With respect to reducing sediment, total nitrogen and total phosphorus loads at hotspots with individual BMPs, implementing grassed waterways resulted in average reductions of 97%, 53% and 65% respectively if implemented all over the hotspots. Although reducing atrazine application rate by 50% in all hotspots was the most effective BMP for reducing atrazine concentrations (21%) at the gauging station 06883940, this reduction was still six times higher than the target concentration. Similarly, with grassed waterways established in all hotspots, the 64% reduction in E. coli concentration was not enough to meet the target at the gauging station. With scaled-down acreage based on the proposed implementation plan, filter strip led to more pollutant reductions at the targeted hotspots. Overall, a combination of filter strip, grassed waterway and atrazine rate reduction will most likely yield measureable improvement both in the hotspots (>20% reduction in sediment, total nitrogen and total phosphorus pollution) and at the gauging station. Despite the model’s uncertainties, the results showed a possibility of using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to assess the effectiveness of various BMPs in agricultural watersheds.

Danish Experience with Emergent Hydrophyte Treatment Systems (EHTS) and Prospects in the Light of Future Requirements on Outlet Water Quality

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-H. Schierup ◽  
H. Brix
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Reed Beds ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Stage System

Since 1983 approximately 150 full-scale emergent hydrophyte based wastewater treatment plants (reed beds) have been constructed in Denmark to serve small wastewater producers. The development of purification performance for 21 plants representing different soil types, vegetation, and hydraulic loading rates has been recorded. Cleaning efficiencies were typically in the range of 60-80% reduction for BOD, 25-50% reduction for total nitrogen, and 20-40% reduction for total phosphorus. The mean effluent BOD, total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations of the reed beds were 19 ± 10, 22 ± 9 and 6.7 ± 3.2 mg/l (mean ± SD), respectively. Thus, the general Danish effluent standards of 8 mg/l for N and 1.5 mg/l for P for sewage plants greater than 5,000 PE cannot be met by the present realised design of EHTS. The main problem observed in most systems is a poor development of horizontal hydraulic conductivity in the soil which results in surface run-off. Since the political demands for effluent quality will be more strict in the future, it is important to improve the performance of small decentral sewage treatment plants. On the basis of experiences from different types of macrophyte based and conventional low-technology wastewater treatment systems, a multi-stage system is suggested, consisting of sedimentation and sand filtration facilities followed by basins planted with emergent and submergent species of macrophytes and algal ponds.

scholarly journals Effect of red algal bloom on growth and production of carps

Our Nature ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Ram Bhajan Mandal ◽  
Sunila Rai ◽  
Madhav Kumar Shrestha ◽  
Dilip Kumar Jha ◽  
Narayan Prasad Pandit
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Algal Bloom ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Aquaculture Farm ◽  
Red Algal

An experiment was carried to assess the effect of red algal bloom on growth and production of carp, water quality and profit from carp for 120 days at Aquaculture Farm of Agriculture and Forestry University, Chitwan. The experiment included two treatments: carp polyculture in non-red pond and carp polyculture in red pond with algal bloom each with three replicates. Carp fingerlings were stocked at 1 fish/m2 and fed with pellet containing 24% CP at 3% body weight. Net yield of rohu was found significantly higher (p<0.05) in non-red ponds (0.38±0.01 t ha-1) than red ponds (0.24±0.05 t ha-1). Survival of rohu (84.9±1.4%), bighead (95.2±2.0%) and mrigal (88.1±14.4%) were also significantly higher (p<0.05) in non-red ponds than red ponds. Red algal bloom affected DO, nitrate and chlorophyll-a, nitrite, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total dissolved solids and conductivity. However, overall carp production and profit from carp remained unaffected.

scholarly journals Quality of surface water related to land use: a case study in a catchment with small farms and intensive vegetable crop production in southern Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 656-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Hacke Ribeiro ◽  
Nerilde Favaretto ◽  
Jeferson Dieckow ◽  
Luiz Cláudio de Paula Souza ◽  
Jean Paolo Gomes Minella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Particulate Nitrogen

Water degradation is strongly related to agricultural activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of land use and some environmental components on surface water quality in the Campestre catchment, located in Colombo, state of Parana, Brazil. Physical and chemical attributes were analyzed (total nitrogen, ammonium, nitrate, total phosphorus, electrical conductivity, pH, temperature, turbidity, total solids, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand and dissolved oxygen). Monthly samples of the river water were taken over one year at eight monitoring sites, distributed over three sub-basins. Overall, water quality was worse in the sub-basin with a higher percentage of agriculture, and was also affected by a lower percentage of native forest and permanent preservation area, and a larger drainage area. Water quality was also negatively affected by the presence of agriculture in the riparian zone. In the summer season, probably due to higher rainfall and intensive soil use, a higher concentration of total nitrogen and particulate nitrogen was observed, as well as higher electrical conductivity, pH and turbidity. All attributes, except for total phosphorus, were in compliance with Brazilian Conama Resolution Nº 357/2005 for freshwater class 1. However, it should be noted that these results referred to the base flow and did not represent a discharge condition since most of the water samples were not collected at or near the rainfall event.

scholarly journals Use of local inoculants to produce organic fertilizer from the brewing industry

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (K3) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Nguyet Thi Nhu Nguyen ◽  
Bien Khac Nguyen ◽  
Huyen Thi Bich Trinh ◽  
Hanh Vu Bich Dang
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Brewing Industry ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Windrow Composting

This paper presents the possibillity of using native microoganisms from the brewery’s post-treatment sludge in order to create fertilizers by the windrow composting. The result showed that there are 3 representive useful microoganisms in the following: C1, C4 and C6. At the same time, the change in the composition of supplementary fiber into 4 treatment has resulted in the following : the everage C/N ratio of treatment are from 20 to 29, the average pH of the ratios is 7,82; total nitrogen fixation average is 2108; the highest is 5108; the smallest is 8107, microoganisms which are capable of decomposing cellulose average is 7 x 106; the highest is 9106, the lowest is 5106. Total Salmonella and E. coli are 0; the after-testing products meet the standard in the Viet Nam Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development.

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