scholarly journals THE ACTION OF INHIBITORY NERVES ON CARBON DIOXIDE PRODUCTION IN THE HEART GANGLION OF LIMULUS

1920 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter E. Garrey
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Vagus Nerves ◽  
Marked Diminution ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Stimulation Of

It has been shown in this paper that stimulation of the inhibitory nerves of the neurogenic heart of Limulus, which correspond to the vagus nerves of the vertebrate heart, results in a marked diminution of CO2 production in the heart ganglion, while stimulation of the ganglion, leading to increased activity of the heart, leads also to increased CO2 production by the ganglion. This shows that inhibition of the automaticity of this ganglion by the action of its inhibitory nerves consists, not in a process of blocking, but in a diminution of those chemical reactions in the ganglion cells which give rise to the production of CO2.

GASEOUS METABOLISM IN PREMATURE INFANTS AT 32-34°C AMBIENT TEMPERATURE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Forrest H. Adams ◽  
Tetsuro Fujiwara ◽  
Robert Spears ◽  
Joan Hodgman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Thirty-four measurements of oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, respiratory quotient, and rectal temperature were made on 22 premature infants with ages ranging from 2½ hours to 18 days. The studies were conducted at 32-34°C utilizing an open circuit apparatus and a specially designed climatized chamber. Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production were lowest in the first 12 hours and increased thereafter. The rate of increase in O2 consumption was greater than that of CO2 production, with a consequent fall in respiratory quotient during the first 76 hours of life. A reverse relation of O2 consumption and CO2 production was found following the 4th day of life with a consequent rise in respiratory quotient. There was a close correlation between O2 consumption and rectal temperature regardless of age. A respiratory quotient below the value of 0.707 for fat metabolism was observed in 7 premature infants with ages ranging from 24 to 76 hours.

scholarly journals The Influence of CO2 Production and Physiological Deadspace on End-Tidal CO2 During Controlled Ventilation: A Study Using a Mechanical Model

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Stockwell ◽  
W. Bruce ◽  
N. Soni
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Mechanical Model ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Lung Model ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Controlled Ventilation ◽  
End Tidal Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Levels ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
End Tidal Co2

A mechanical lung model was used to investigate the effect of varying carbon dioxide production and deadspace on the end-tidal carbon dioxide levels achieved during mechanical ventilation when using the Bain, Humphrey ADE, and circle systems. Both factors had significant influence on end-tidal cardon dioxide concentration and could result in values in excess of those considered acceptable in clinical practice. The implications of the results are discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of Anoxia on Respiration Rate (Fermentative Index) and Ethanol Production of Onion Bulbs (Allium cepa L.)

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Benkeblia ◽  
N. Shiomi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Onion Bulbs ◽  
Allium Cepa L

The physiological behavior, including carbon dioxide production, fermentative index (FI) and ethanolic production of onion bulbs kept under total anoxia (l00% N2) was investigated. During the first 24 hours, carbon dioxide production increased from 0.01 to 1.56 kPa Co2, and the average rate of the increase in CO2; production between 0 and 24 hours was 0.09 kPa/h. The Q10, of the fermentative index was l.9. Ethanol produced by onion bulbs kept under anoxia during 6 hours was temperature dependent, and was 0.563 and 0.760 pmol kg-1h-1 at 10 and 20°C respectively, while at 4°C the quantity produced was not detected. It is concluded that onion seems to be less tolerant to anoxia than other vegetables such as artichoke, cauliflower, tomato, potato and asparagus.  

Actions of cholecystokinin and norepinephrine on vagal inputs to ganglion cells in guinea pig gallbladder

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (6) ◽  
pp. G1146-G1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Mawe ◽  
A. P. Gokin ◽  
D. G. Wells
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Cystic Duct ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Synaptic Input ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Vagus Nerves ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Nerve Bundles ◽  
A Site ◽  
Stimulation Of

Previous studies have demonstrated that all guinea pig gallbladder neurons receive nicotinic synaptic input and that cholecystokinin (CCK) and norepinephrine have presynaptic facilitory and inhibitory effects, respectively, on these fast synaptic events. The current study was undertaken to determine the sources of the cholinergic terminals that provide nicotinic input to gallbladder neurons. To stimulate potential extrinsic inputs to gallbladder neurons, a stimulating electrode was placed on the nerve bundles that pass along the cystic duct. Stimulation of these nerves elicited fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in gallbladder neurons that were sensitive to hexamethonium, facilitated by CCK, and inhibited by norepinephrine. After vagotomy, most neurons (14 of 18) did not exhibit any nicotinic input. However, some neurons (3 of 18) did exhibit fast EPSPs in response to fiber tract stimulation, but not cystic nerve stimulation, indicating that interganglionic communication does exist amongst gallbladder neurons. These results demonstrate that the vagus nerves provide the major nicotinic input to gallbladder neurons. Furthermore, these data suggest that vagal terminals within gallbladder are a site of neurohormonal modulation of gallbladder ganglionic output by CCK, norepinephrine, and possibly other compounds.

37 Evaluation of Methane and Carbon Dioxide Production in Growing and Finishing Cattle Raised in Conventional or Confinement-based Herds

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 35-35
Author(s):  
Levi J McPhillips ◽  
Galen E Erickson ◽  
James C MacDonald ◽  
Zachary E Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
Corn Residue ◽  
Ad Libitum

Abstract Cattle originating from 2 different herds were used during growing and finishing programs to evaluate differences in CH4 and CO2 production. The conventional (CONV) herd used spring calving, summer grass grazing, and winter corn residue grazing. An alternate (ALT) herd housed cows in confinement pens during summer, calved in summer, grazed cover crops in fall and grazed corn residue before returning to confinement pens in spring. Each herd had 4 groups of 20 cows. For 2 years calves from each herd were weaned at the same age and then fed ad libitum for a 120-d growing (GR) period and fed a forage-based diet (NEg 1.23 Mcal/kg). Cattle were then adapted to a grain-based finishing (FIN) diet (NEg 1.51 Mcal/kg) and fed until reaching 1.27 cm backfat. Both CH4 and CO2 were collected in two pen-scale chambers by collecting air samples continuously from each pen ambient air. Each group was evaluated in the pen-scale chambers for 5 days during both the GR and FIN phases. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with day in barn as a repeated measure. Whether cattle originated from CONV or ALT had no impact (P > 0.25) on CH4 or CO2 production. Feeding GR resulted in greater (P < 0.03) CH4 than FIN in grams per day (125.4 vs 117.5), grams per kg of intake (16.1 vs 11.5), or g per kg of body weight (0.50 vs 0.24). Greater CO2 production was observed for FIN as compared to GR which is due to greater size and energy intake. Diet impacts CH4 more so than cow-calf production system cattle originate from.

scholarly journals THE RESPIRATORY RATE OF THE SCIATIC NERVE OF THE FROG IN REST AND ACTIVITY

1919 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 613-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Impulse ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sartorius Muscle ◽  
Indicator Method ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. With the indicator method of Haas, the rates of carbon dioxide production have been measured in the case of the sciatic nerve, various parts of the brain, and the sartorius muscle of the frog. The rate of respiration of the sciatic nerve is from 10 to 30 per cent of that of the other tissues, varying somewhat with the individual. 2. Stimulation of the sciatic nerve with induction shocks sufficient to induce tetanus of the muscle does not increase the output of carbon dioxide from the sciatic nerve, even if continued as long as 30 minutes. Sartorius muscle used as a control showed a marked increase in carbon dioxide production upon relaxation after contraction resulting from such stimulation. 3. These facts indicate that the nerve impulse does not depend upon processes leading to the production of carbon dioxide.

The potential of off-gas analyses for monitoring wastewater treatment plants

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Hellinga ◽  
P. Vanrolleghem ◽  
M. C. M. van Loosdrecht ◽  
J. J. Heijnen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Strong Measure ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production Rate

Continuous CO2 and O2 measurements in the exhaust gas of wastewater treatment plants have been simulated to study their significance for fast process monitoring. More specifically, the question was raised whether the ratio of the carbon dioxide production rate to the oxygen consumption rate (the RQ value) can be used to distinguish C-oxidation from N-removal (nitrification or combined nitrification-denitrification). Although the oxygen uptake rate and carbon dioxide production rate by the micro-organisms are indicative indeed, these rates can not very well be monitored in the gas phase mainly due to the additional CO2 production accompanying alkalinity consumption. Only large changes in nitrification activity can be monitored this way. The RQ is however a strong measure for the COD/TOC ratio of the converted waste. Combination of RQ measurements with TOC measurements can therefore probably replace laborious COD measurements. In plants with combined C-removal and nitrification, the difference in in- and effluent alkalinity is a measure for nitrification. If NH3-removal is determined, the biomass production rate can be calculated from the gas flow rate in combination with the exhaust CO2 and O2 measurements.

VARIABILITY OF GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC AND MANOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS OF CARBON DIOXIDE PRODUCTION AND OXYGEN CONSUMPTION IN THE PLUM CURCULIO, CONOTRACHELUS NENUPHAR (HERBST)1,2

1986 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Milton E. McGiffen ◽  
John V. Boyne ◽  
John R. Meyer ◽  
Sylvia M. Blankenship
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Chromatographic Technique ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Conotrachelus Nenuphar ◽  
Plum Curculio ◽  
Long Day

A gas chromatographic technique for measurement of CO2 production in arthropods is described and used to characterize changes in CO2 production as diapause approaches in plum curculio. Carbon dioxide production was statistically compared to oxygen consumption (as measured by a constant pressure respirometer); variance was less for CO2 production, but both assays found significant differences between long-day and short-day plum curculio. Dry weight was not correlated with either CO2 production or O2 consumption. Carbon dioxide production and O2 consumption were positively correlated.

scholarly journals Yeast and Respiration Rates: To what extent does Saccharomyces cerevisiae, baker’s yeast, CO2 production levels (as measured in ppm) vary with the length of different sugars?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiran Ganga
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Baker’S Yeast ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Baker's Yeast ◽  
Baked Goods ◽  
Experimental Group

Saccharomyces cerevisiae, or baker’s yeast, is commonly used for baking alongside sucrose. It is understood that yeast’s reaction with sugar leads to a high emission of carbon dioxide, ultimately increasing the height of baked goods. However, the carbon dioxide production levels at different chains of sugars, including sucrose, glucose, and starch, or monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides, is not well-known. Water was tested as a control group. The paper hypothesizes that as length of the sugar polymer chain increases, the production of carbon dioxide of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, or baker’s yeast, increases. While the results showed a linear trend similar to the hypothesis, the production levels for the starch experimental group were lower than any other experimental group. This paper concludes that there is no statistical difference between the lengths of the sugar chain and the carbon dioxide production rate can be rejected

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document