scholarly journals IMMUNOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF NATIVE AND DENATURED HORSE SERUM GLOBULINS

1945 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 421-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
John O. Erickson ◽  
Hans Neurath
Keyword(s):  
Horse Serum ◽  
Guanidine Hydrochloride ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Type I ◽  
Serum Globulin ◽  
Antigenic Activity ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Molecular Weight

1. The influence of guanidine hydrochloride on the denaturation and regeneration of Type I antipneumococcal horse serum globulin was determined by measurements of viscosity, diffusion, and sedimentation in the ultracentrifuge. In addition, the effect of NaCNS on the antibody globulin was studied. 2. Both the irreversibly denatured and the regenerated fractions were found to be precipitable by SI. The observed changes in combining ratio have been tentatively explained in terms of (a) changes in the mean molecular weight, or alternatively (b) an increase in the number of serologically active groups upon denaturation, followed by masking of the latter upon regeneration. Discounting a specific effect of NaCNS on either fraction, the extent of specific precipitation is of the same order of magnitude for native and irreversibly denatured antibody. 3. Quantitative precipitin titrations have been performed on rabbit antisera to native and irreversibly denatured horse antibody, and normal globulin GI, respectively. No significant differences in the antigenic activity of these proteins were found. Measurements of their cross-reactivity led to the conclusion that the native and irreversibly denatured fractions of antibody globulin are antigenically more closely related to each other than to the corresponding fractions of normal globulin, and vice versa.

scholarly journals CRYSTALLINE PNEUMOCOCCUS ANTIBODY

1949 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 705-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Northrop ◽  
Walther F. Goebel
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Serum Globulin ◽  
Saturated Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Diphtheria Antitoxin ◽  
Specific Polysaccharide

1. The immune precipitate formed by antipneumococcus horse serum and the specific polysaccharide is not hydrolyzed by trypsin as is the diphtheria toxin-antitoxin complex, and purified pneumococcus antibody cannot be isolated by the method used for the isolation and crystallization of diphtheria antitoxin. 2. Type I pneumococcus antibody, completely precipitable by Type I polysaccharide, may be obtained from immune horse serum globulin by precipitation of the inert proteins with acid potassium phthalate. 3. The antibody obtained in this way may be fractionated by precipitation with ammonium sulfate into three main parts. One is insoluble in neutral salts but soluble from pH 4.5 to 3.0 and from pH 9.5 to 10.5. This is the largest fraction. A second fraction is soluble in 0.05 to 0.2 saturated ammonium sulfate and the third fraction is soluble in 0.2 saturated ammonium sulfate and precipitated by 0.35 saturated ammonium sulfate. The second fraction can be further separated by precipitation with 0.17 saturated ammonium sulfate to yield a small amount of protein which is soluble in 0.17 saturated ammonium sulfate but insoluble in 0.25 saturated ammonium sulfate. This fraction crystallizes in poorly formed, rounded rosettes. 4. The crystallization does not improve the purity of the antibody and is accompanied by the formation of an insoluble protein as in the case of diphtheria antitoxin. 5. None of the fractions obtained is even approximately homogeneous as determined by solubility measurements. 6. Purified antibody has also been obtained by dissociating the antigen-antibody complex. 7. The protective value of the fractions is quite different; that of the dissociated antibody being the highest and that of the insoluble fraction, the lowest. 8. All the fractions are immunologically specific since they do not precipitate with Type II polysaccharide nor protect against Type II pneumococci. 9. All the fractions give a positive precipitin reaction with antihorse rabbit serum. The dissociated antibody gives the least reaction. 10. Comparison of the various fractions, either by their solubility in salt solution or through immunological reactions, indicates that there are a large number of proteins present in immune horse serum, all of which precipitate with the specific polysaccharide but which have very different protective values, different reactions with antihorse rabbit serum, and different solubility in salt solutions.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF INFLAMMATION ON THE ABSORPTION OF SUBSTANCES OF VARIED DIFFUSIBILITY

1938 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose G. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Type I ◽  
Phenol Red ◽  
Serum Globulin ◽  
Egg Albumin ◽  
Specific Polysaccharide ◽  
Phenol Blue ◽  
Pneumococcus Type

1. Inflammation retards the absorption of horse serum globulin and crystalline egg albumin from the peritoneal cavity and subcutaneous tissue, but retardation of the absorption of crystalline egg albumin is less than that of globulin, which is less diffusible. 2. Inflammation retards the absorption of the specific polysaccharide of pneumococcus Type I from the peritoneal cavity; inflammation may accelerate, but does not hinder, the absorption of glucose from the peritoneal cavity. 3. Inflammation retards the spread of trypan blue in the skin, but accelerates absorption from the skin of the more diffusible dye, brom phenol blue. 4. Phenol red is excreted in the urine with equal rapidity after injection into normal and into inflamed subcutaneous tissue or into normal and into inflamed peritoneal cavities. Direct extractions of phenol red from inflamed subcutaneous sites indicate that inflammation accelerates the absorption of the dye from these areas. 5. Inflammation retards the absorption of the indiffusible proteins, carbohydrates and dyes; it tends to accelerate the absorption of the diffusible carbohydrates and dyes.

scholarly journals ANTIGENIC PROPERTIES OF NATIVE AND REGENERATED HORSE SERUM ALBUMIN

1943 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
John O. Erickson ◽  
Hans Neurath
Keyword(s):  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Native State ◽  
Immunological Activity ◽  
Denatured Protein ◽  
Antigenic Activity ◽  
Antigenic Properties ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Comparative immunological measurements have been carried out on crystalline horse serum albumin in the native state and after regeneration from 8 M urea solutions. The mean antigenic activity of the regenerated protein has been found to be less than 10 per cent of that of the native, whereas both antigens proved to be immunologically equivalent. The problem of the relation between protein denaturation and immunological activity has been considered and discussed on the basis of known physical and chemical differences between native and denatured protein.

scholarly journals NATIVE AND REGENERATED BOVINE ALBUMIN

1943 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald S. Martin ◽  
John O. Erickson ◽  
Frank W. Putnam ◽  
Hans Neurath
Keyword(s):  
Protein Structure ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Guanidine Hydrochloride ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Bovine Albumin ◽  
Antigenic Activity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Serological Specificity

1. The effects of regeneration of whole bovine albumin on antigenic activity and serological specificity were determined by precipitin measurements on rabbit antisera to (1) native whole albumin, (2) albumin regenerated from 8 M urea, and (3) albumin regenerated from 8 M guanidine hydrochloride. 2. While numerically the mean antibody response to these three antigens was found to decrease in the order named, only the difference in antigenic activity between native and guanidine hydrochloride-regenerated albumin was statistically significant. Native, crystalline, carbohydrate-free albumin (crystalbumin) was considerably less antigenic than native whole bovine albumin, its activity being comparable to, if not less than, that observed for guanidine hydrochloride-regenerated whole albumin. 3. All four antigens were immunologically equivalent. 4. The antigenic activity of these proteins is discussed in terms of protein structure and carbohydrate content.

Comparative Study of effectiveness of mobilization with movement (MWM) and End range mobilization (ERM) techniques in frozen shoulder

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-522
Author(s):  
Jeyakumar S ◽  
Jagatheesan Alagesan ◽  
T.S. Muthukumar
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Frozen Shoulder ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Background: Frozen shoulder is disorder of the connective tissue that limits the normal Range of motion of the shoulder in diabetes, frozen shoulder is thought to be caused by changes to the collagen in the shoulder joint as a result of long term Hypoglycemia. Mobilization is a therapeutic movement of the joint. The goal is to restore normal joint motion and rhythm. The use of mobilization with movement for peripheral joints was developed by mulligan. This technique combines a sustained application of manual technique “gliding” force to the joint with concurrent physiologic motion of joint, either actively or passively. This study aims to find out the effects of mobilization with movement and end range mobilization in frozen shoulder in Type I diabetics. Materials and Methods: 30 subjects both male and female, suffering with shoulder pain and clinically diagnosed with frozen shoulder was recruited for the study and divided into two groups with 15 patients each based on convenient sampling method. Group A patients received mobilization with movement and Group B patients received end range mobilization for three weeks. The outcome measurements were SPADI, Functional hand to back scale, abduction range of motion using goniometer and VAS. Results: The mean values of all parameters showed significant differences in group A as compared to group B in terms of decreased pain, increased abduction range and other outcome measures. Conclusion: Based on the results it has been concluded that treating the type 1 diabetic patient with frozen shoulder, mobilization with movement exercise shows better results than end range mobilization in reducing pain and increase functional activities and mobility in frozen shoulder.

Radiological and clinical associations with scoliosis outcomes after posterior fossa decompression in patients with Chiari malformation and syrinx from the Park-Reeves Syringomyelia Research Consortium

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Strahle ◽  
Rukayat Taiwo ◽  
Christine Averill ◽  
James Torner ◽  
Jordan I. Gewirtz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Chiari Malformation ◽  
Craniocervical Junction ◽  
Curve Progression ◽  
Posterior Fossa Decompression ◽  
Type I ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Curve Magnitude ◽  
The Mean

OBJECTIVEIn patients with Chiari malformation type I (CM-I) and a syrinx who also have scoliosis, clinical and radiological predictors of curve regression after posterior fossa decompression are not well known. Prior reports indicate that age younger than 10 years and a curve magnitude < 35° are favorable predictors of curve regression following surgery. The aim of this study was to determine baseline radiological factors, including craniocervical junction alignment, that might predict curve stability or improvement after posterior fossa decompression.METHODSA large multicenter retrospective and prospective registry of pediatric patients with CM-I (tonsils ≥ 5 mm below the foramen magnum) and a syrinx (≥ 3 mm in width) was reviewed for clinical and radiological characteristics of CM-I, syrinx, and scoliosis (coronal curve ≥ 10°) in patients who underwent posterior fossa decompression and who also had follow-up imaging.RESULTSOf 825 patients with CM-I and a syrinx, 251 (30.4%) were noted to have scoliosis present at the time of diagnosis. Forty-one (16.3%) of these patients underwent posterior fossa decompression and had follow-up imaging to assess for scoliosis. Twenty-three patients (56%) were female, the mean age at time of CM-I decompression was 10.0 years, and the mean follow-up duration was 1.3 years. Nine patients (22%) had stable curves, 16 (39%) showed improvement (> 5°), and 16 (39%) displayed curve progression (> 5°) during the follow-up period. Younger age at the time of decompression was associated with improvement in curve magnitude; for those with curves of ≤ 35°, 17% of patients younger than 10 years of age had curve progression compared with 64% of those 10 years of age or older (p = 0.008). There was no difference by age for those with curves > 35°. Tonsil position, baseline syrinx dimensions, and change in syrinx size were not associated with the change in curve magnitude. There was no difference in progression after surgery in patients who were also treated with a brace compared to those who were not treated with a brace for scoliosis.CONCLUSIONSIn this cohort of patients with CM-I, a syrinx, and scoliosis, younger age at the time of decompression was associated with improvement in curve magnitude following surgery, especially in patients younger than 10 years of age with curves of ≤ 35°. Baseline tonsil position, syrinx dimensions, frontooccipital horn ratio, and craniocervical junction morphology were not associated with changes in curve magnitude after surgery.

scholarly journals Relaxation Times in Strictly Disk Systems

1971 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
George B. Rybicki
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
Relaxation Times ◽  
Galactic Structure ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Vlasov Limit ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gravitating Systems

AbstractIt is shown that the time of relaxation by particle encounters of self-gravitating systems in the plane interacting by 1/r2 forces is of the same order of magnitude as the mean orbit time. Therefore such a system does not have a Vlasov limit for large numbers of particles, unless appeal is made to some non-zero thickness of the disk. The relevance of this result to numerical experiments on galactic structure is discussed.

scholarly journals Minimal Invasive Surgery for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Hiatus Hernia—Our Experience: A Case Series with Review of Literature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafique Umer Harvitkar ◽  
Abhijit Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ◽  
Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gerd Symptoms

Abstract Introduction Laparoscopic fundoplication (LF) has almost completely replaced the open procedure performed for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and hiatus hernia (HH). Several studies have suggested that long-term results with surgery for GERD are better than a medical line of management. In this retrospective study, we outline our experience with LF over 10 years. Also, we analyze the factors that would help us in better patient selection, thereby positively affecting the outcomes of surgery. Patients and Methods In this retrospective study, we identified 27 patients (14 females and 13 males) operated upon by a single surgeon from 2010 to 2020 at our institution. Out of these, 25 patients (12 females and 13 males) had GERD with type I HH and 2 (both females) had type II HH without GERD. The age range was 24 to 75 years. All patients had undergone oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy (OGD scopy). A total of 25 patients had various degrees of esophagitis. Two patients had no esophagitis. These patients were analyzed for age, sex, symptoms, preoperative evaluation, exact procedure performed (Nissen’s vs. Toupet’s vs. cruroplasty + gastropexy), morbidity/mortality, and functional outcomes. They were also reviewed to examine the length of stay, length of procedure, complications, and recurrent symptoms on follow-up. Symptoms were assessed objectively with a score for six classical GERD symptoms preoperatively and on follow-up at 1-, 4- and 6-weeks postsurgery. Further evaluation was performed after 6 months and then annually for 2 years. Results 14 females (53%) and 13 males (48%) with a diagnosis of GERD (with type I HH) and type II HH were operated upon. The mean age was 46 years (24–75 years) and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 27 (18–32). The range of duration of the preoperative symptoms was 6 months to 2 years. The average operating time dropped from 130 minutes for the first 12 cases to 90 minutes for the last 15 cases. The mean hospital stay was 3 days (range: 2–4 days). In the immediate postoperative period, 72% (n = 18) of the patients reported improvement in the GERD symptoms, while 2 (8%) patients described heartburn (grade I, mild, daily) and 1 (4%) patient described bloating (grade I, daily). A total of 5 patients (20%) reported mild dysphagia to solids in the first 2 postoperative weeks. These symptoms settled down after 2 to 5 weeks of postoperative proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy and by adjusting consistency of oral feeds. There was no conversion to open, and we observed no perioperative mortality. There were no patients who underwent redo surgeries in the series. Conclusion LF is a safe and highly effective procedure for a patient with symptoms of GERD, and it gives long-term relief from the symptoms. Stringent selection criteria are necessary to optimize the results of surgery. Experience is associated with a significant reduction of operating time.

Split spinal cord malformations in children

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf Ersşahin ◽  
Saffet Mutluer ◽  
Sevgül Kocaman ◽  
Eren Demirtasş
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Spinal Lesion ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fine Print

Object. The authors reviewed and analyzed information on 74 patients with split spinal cord malformations (SSCMs) treated between January 1, 1980 and December 31, 1996 at their institution with the aim of defining and classifying the malformations according to the method of Pang, et al. Methods. Computerized tomography myelography was superior to other radiological tools in defining the type of SSCM. There were 46 girls (62%) and 28 boys (38%) ranging in age from less than 1 day to 12 years (mean 33.08 months). The mean age (43.2 months) of the patients who exhibited neurological deficits and orthopedic deformities was significantly older than those (8.2 months) without deficits (p = 0.003). Fifty-two patients had a single Type I and 18 patients a single Type II SSCM; four patients had composite SSCMs. Sixty-two patients had at least one associated spinal lesion that could lead to spinal cord tethering. After surgery, the majority of the patients remained stable and clinical improvement was observed in 18 patients. Conclusions. The classification of SSCMs proposed by Pang, et al., will eliminate the current chaos in terminology. In all SSCMs, either a rigid or a fibrous septum was found to transfix the spinal cord. There was at least one unrelated lesion that caused tethering of the spinal cord in 85% of the patients. The risk of neurological deficits resulting from SSCMs increases with the age of the patient; therefore, all patients should be surgically treated when diagnosed, especially before the development of orthopedic and neurological manifestations.

Automated immunoassays for the autoantibodies to carbamylated or citrullinated telopeptides of type I and II collagens

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jere Häyrynen ◽  
Maija Kärkkäinen ◽  
Aulikki Kononoff ◽  
Leena Arstila ◽  
Pia Elfving ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Arthritis ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Seronegative Arthritis ◽  
Inflammatory Joint Disease ◽  
Undifferentiated Arthritis ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThe aim of the study was to describe automated immunoassays for autoantibodies to homocitrulline or citrulline containing telopeptides of type I and II collagen in various disease categories in an early arthritis series.Serum samples were collected from 142 patients over 16 years of age with newly diagnosed inflammatory joint disease. All samples were analyzed with an automated inhibition chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) using four different peptide pairs, each consisting of a biotinylated antigen and an inhibiting peptide. Assays were performed with an IDS-iSYS analyzer. Autoantibodies binding to homocitrulline and citrulline containing C-telopeptides of type I (HTELO-I, TELO-I) and type II collagens (HTELO-II, TELO-II) were analyzed.The mean ratio of HTELO-I inhibition in seropositive and seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was 3.07 (95% CI 1.41–11.60), p=0.003, and in seropositive and seronegative undifferentiated arthritis (UA) 4.90 (1.85–14.49), p<0.001. The respective mean ratios in seropositive and seronegative RA and UA were in TELO-I 8.72 (3.68–58.01), p<0.001 and 3.13 (1.49–6.16), p=0.008, in HTELO-II 7.57 (3.18–56.60), p<0.001 and 2.97 (1.23–6.69), p=0.037, and in TELO-II 3.01 (1.30–9.51), p=0.002 and 3.64 (1.86–7.65), p=0.008. In reactive arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis and unspecified spondyloarthritis the inhibition levels were similar to those observed in seronegative RA or UA.Autoantibodies binding to homocitrulline or citrulline containing telopeptides of type I and II collagen did not differ significantly. They were highest among patients with seropositive disease and they differentiated seropositive and seronegative arthritis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document