scholarly journals ON THE RELATION BETWEEN GROWTH AND RESPIRATION IN THE AVENA COLEOPTILE

1941 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Commoner ◽  
Kenneth V. Thimann
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Growth Processes ◽  
Avena Coleoptile ◽  
Carbon Acids ◽  
Slight Inhibition

1. The growth of Avena coleoptile sections in sucrose and auxin solutions is inhibited by various substances which are known to act as dehydrogenase inhibitors. 2. Iodoacetate, which is particularly active in this connection, inhibits all growth at a concentration of 5 x 10–5 M, but produces only a slight inhibition of oxygen uptake. 3. The growth inhibition by iodoacetate is completely removed by malate and fumarate, and to a lesser extent by succinate and pyruvate. 4. These acids themselves increase the effect of auxin on growth and also increase the respiration of the coleoptile sections, but only if auxin is present. 5. When sections have been soaked in malate or fumarate, the addition of auxin considerably increases the total respiration. Further, the concentration range over which this increase takes place parallels that active in promoting growth. 6. The four-carbon acids provide a respiratory system which is part of the chain of growth processes, and which is in some way catalyzed by auxin. It represents a small but variable fraction of the total respiration.

The nature of growth inhibition by calcium in the Avena coleoptile

Planta ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 696-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce J. Cooil ◽  
James Bonner
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Avena Coleoptile

EFFECTS OF SODIUM-FREE MEDIA UPON THE METABOLISM AND THE POTASSIUM AND WATER CONTENTS OF BRAIN SLICES

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna M. Pappius ◽  
M. Rosenfeld ◽  
Dorothy McLean Johnson ◽  
K. A. C. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Brain Slices ◽  
Anaerobic Glycolysis ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Intracellular Space ◽  
Low Potassium ◽  
Free Media ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Slight Inhibition

Brain slices maintain a high concentration of potassium when incubated aerobically in ordinary sodium-containing low-potassium medium but the concentration falls to the level found under plain anaerobic conditions if choline, lithium, or tris-(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane (tris) are substituted for all the sodium in the medium. With the choline medium, concentration of potassium in the tissue increases markedly if a very little sodium is present; considerably more sodium is required when the main cation present is lithium. A moderately high concentration of potassium is maintained in tissue under anaerobic conditions in sodium-containing medium when glycolysis is stimulated by pyruvate and previous aerobiosis. This high concentration is not found when sodium in the medium is replaced by choline or lithium. The potassium content of slices incubated aerobically or anaerobically with potassium replacing all sodium in the medium is higher than could be accounted for by simple equilibration of the slice fluids with the medium.The rate of oxygen uptake is not changed when choline or lithium replace all the sodium in the medium; with tris or potassium in place of sodium there is slight inhibition. Anaerobic glycolysis is increased in the choline and potassium media and slightly depressed in lithium medium. The stimulatory effect on anaerobic glycolysis of pyruvate is apparent in the sodium, choline, lithium, and potassium media but the stimulation by a preliminary period of aerobiosis does not occur in the lithium and potassium media.Under aerobic conditions swelling and "intracellular" (non-sucrose) space is not affected by replacing sodium with choline or lithium. Both are increased in the tris and, especially, in the potassium media. Under anaerobic conditions there is a striking decrease in swelling and intracellular space with the choline medium.The replacement of a small amount of salt by sucrose causes a decrease in swelling in all media, especially in the potassium medium.

scholarly journals The Residual Effect of Prior Drop Jumps on Cardio Respiratory Parameters during Moderate Cycling in Young Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (86) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neringa Baranauskienė ◽  
Arvydas Stasiulis
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness ◽  
Cycling Exercise ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Delayed Onset ◽  
Respiratory Parameters ◽  
Drop Jumps

Research background and hypothesis. Unaccustomed prior drop jumps (PDJ) can cause muscle damage with  concomitant delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and decreased concentric contraction performance efficiency,  but  the  residual  effect  of  PJD  on  cardio  respiratory  system  parameters  during  moderate  cycling  exercise  (MC) remains equivocal. We suppose that DOMS, induced of PDJ, has altered cardio respiratory system parameters during  MC exercises.Research aim of the study was to assess the residual effect of 100 prior drop jumps on cardio respiratory system  parameters kinetics during moderate cycling exercise. Research methods. On four different days 10 women performed one increasing and three (control, 45 min and  24 h after 100 drop jumps) MC (Ergoline-800, Germany) exercises. The cadence of cycling was 70 rpm. The oxygen  uptake (2 oV& ), carbon dioxide output (2 co V & ); minute ventilation ( E V ) and heart rate (HR) were continuously recorded  during MC. Subjects rated their perceived exertions at the end of MC, and the DOMS was rated 24 h after PDJ. Research results. After 24 h the subjects felt moderate DOMS (5.0(2.79)) according to 10 point scale. The 2 oV& ; 2 co V & and HR kinetics were unaltered by moderate DOMS after 45 minutes and 24 hours, but  E V tended to increase 45  minutes after PDJ. The negative correlation between DOMS and  2 oV&  (r = –0.52) was observed.Discussion and conclusion. Prior drop jumps seem not to have significant residual effect on cardio respiratory  parameters kinetics after 45 minutes or 24 hours, but they tend to increase  E V  after 45 minutes of recovery during  moderate cycling exercise in young women.Keywords: delayed onset muscle soreness, oxygen uptake, constant load.

scholarly journals Rapid Growth Inhibition of Avena Coleoptile Segments by Abscisic Acid

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn M. Rehm ◽  
Morris G. Cline
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Avena Coleoptile

EFFECTS OF SODIUM-FREE MEDIA UPON THE METABOLISM AND THE POTASSIUM AND WATER CONTENTS OF BRAIN SLICES

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna M. Pappius ◽  
M. Rosenfeld ◽  
Dorothy McLean Johnson ◽  
K. A. C. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Brain Slices ◽  
Anaerobic Glycolysis ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Intracellular Space ◽  
Low Potassium ◽  
Free Media ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Slight Inhibition

Brain slices maintain a high concentration of potassium when incubated aerobically in ordinary sodium-containing low-potassium medium but the concentration falls to the level found under plain anaerobic conditions if choline, lithium, or tris-(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane (tris) are substituted for all the sodium in the medium. With the choline medium, concentration of potassium in the tissue increases markedly if a very little sodium is present; considerably more sodium is required when the main cation present is lithium. A moderately high concentration of potassium is maintained in tissue under anaerobic conditions in sodium-containing medium when glycolysis is stimulated by pyruvate and previous aerobiosis. This high concentration is not found when sodium in the medium is replaced by choline or lithium. The potassium content of slices incubated aerobically or anaerobically with potassium replacing all sodium in the medium is higher than could be accounted for by simple equilibration of the slice fluids with the medium.The rate of oxygen uptake is not changed when choline or lithium replace all the sodium in the medium; with tris or potassium in place of sodium there is slight inhibition. Anaerobic glycolysis is increased in the choline and potassium media and slightly depressed in lithium medium. The stimulatory effect on anaerobic glycolysis of pyruvate is apparent in the sodium, choline, lithium, and potassium media but the stimulation by a preliminary period of aerobiosis does not occur in the lithium and potassium media.Under aerobic conditions swelling and "intracellular" (non-sucrose) space is not affected by replacing sodium with choline or lithium. Both are increased in the tris and, especially, in the potassium media. Under anaerobic conditions there is a striking decrease in swelling and intracellular space with the choline medium.The replacement of a small amount of salt by sucrose causes a decrease in swelling in all media, especially in the potassium medium.

The biochemistry of drugs and doping methods used to enhance aerobic sport performance

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 63-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris E. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Oxygen Delivery ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Blood Substitutes ◽  
Altitude Training ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Carriers ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Blood Doping

Optimum performance in aerobic sports performance requires an efficient delivery to, and consumption of, oxygen by the exercising muscle. It is probable that maximal oxygen uptake in the athlete is multifactorial, being shared between cardiac output, blood oxygen content, muscle blood flow, oxygen diffusion from the blood to the cell and mitochondrial content. Of these, raising the blood oxygen content by raising the haematocrit is the simplest acute method to increase oxygen delivery and improve sport performance. Legal means of raising haematocrit include altitude training and hypoxic tents. Illegal means include blood doping and the administration of EPO (erythropoietin). The ability to make EPO by genetic means has resulted in an increase in its availability and use, although it is probable that recent testing methods may have had some impact. Less widely used illegal methods include the use of artificial blood oxygen carriers (the so-called ‘blood substitutes’). In principle these molecules could enhance aerobic sports performance; however, they would be readily detectable in urine and blood tests. An alternative to increasing the blood oxygen content is to increase the amount of oxygen that haemoglobin can deliver. It is possible to do this by using compounds that right-shift the haemoglobin dissociation curve (e.g. RSR13). There is a compromise between improving oxygen delivery at the muscle and losing oxygen uptake at the lung and it is unclear whether these reagents would enhance the performance of elite athletes. However, given the proven success of blood doping and EPO, attempts to manipulate these pathways are likely to lead to an ongoing battle between the athlete and the drug testers.

Sodium bicarbonate ingestion does not alter the slow component of oxygen uptake kinetics in professional cyclists

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALFREDO SANTALLA ◽  
MARGARITA PÉREZ ◽  
MANUEL MONTILLA ◽  
LÁZARO VICENTE ◽  
RICHARD DAVISON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Slow Component ◽  
Oxygen Uptake Kinetics ◽  
Uptake Kinetics
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