scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE GROWTH HORMONE OF PLANTS

1934 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth V. Thimann
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Substance ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Direct Extraction ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Avena Coleoptile ◽  
Method Of Extraction

1. It is shown that when plant tissues are ground with water the growth substance contained therein is inactivated by the oxidizing enzymes. 2. A simple method of extraction is described which enables the quantitative determination of growth substance in such tissues. 3. The amount and distribution of growth substance in the Avena coleoptile is determined by this method, and it is shown that while the substance does not diffuse out from the lower parts of the coleoptile, it is nevertheless present in considerable amounts, the concentration decreasing steadily with the distance from the tip. 4. Growth substance is also present in considerable amounts in Avena roots, and here also its concentration decreases steadily with distance from the tip. 5. The amount of growth substance diffusing out of root tips into dextrose agar, even during long periods of time, is not greater than the amount obtainable by direct extraction. Actual production in the root tip therefore either does not take place at all, or else takes place under quite different conditions from the production in the tip of the coleoptile.

Histochemical Examination of Invertase Activities in the Growing Tip of the Plant Root

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
N.F. Lunkova ◽  
N.A. Burmistrova ◽  
M.S. Krasavina
Keyword(s):  
Plant Root ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Elongation Zone ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Phloem Unloading ◽  
Meristem Cell ◽  
Transition To Elongation ◽  
Different Tissues

Background:A growing part of the root is one of the most active sinks for sucrose coming from source leaves through the phloem. In the root, sucrose is unloaded from conducting bundles and is distributed among the surrounding cells. To be involved in the metabolism, sucrose should disintegrate into hexoses by means of degrading enzymes.Aims:The aim of this research was to explore the possibility of the involvement of one such enzymes, invertase, in phloem unloading as well as distribution of its activity in the functionally different tissues of the plant root tips.Method:To estimate the enzyme activities in root tissues, we applied two techniques: the histochemical method using nitro blue tetrazolium. The localization of phloem unloading was studied with carboxyfluorescein, a fluorescent marker for symplastic transport.Results:Invertase activity was not detected in the apical part of the meristem. It appeared only between the basal part of this zone and the beginning of the elongation zone. There is the root phloem unloading in that area. Invertase activity increased with increasing the distance from the root tip and reached the highest values in the region of cell transition to elongation and in the elongation zone. The activities of the enzyme varied in different tissues of the same zone and sometimes in the neighboring cells of the same tissue. Biochemical determination of invertase activity was made in the maize root segments coincident to the zones of meristem, cell elongation and differentiation. The results of both methods of determination of invertase activity were in agreement.Conclusion:It was concluded that phloem unloading correlated with invertase activity, possibly because of the activation of invertase by unloaded sucrose. Invertase is one of the factors involved in the processes preparing the cells for their transition to elongation because the concentration of osmotically active hexoses increases after cleavage of sucrose, that stimulates water entry into the cells, which is necessary for elongation growth.

scholarly journals Laboratory Techniques for Determining Ploidy in Plants

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 594-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Cramer
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Mother Cell ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Breeding Technique ◽  
Laboratory Techniques ◽  
Stomata Size ◽  
Pollen Grain Size

Determination of ploidy is an essential plant breeding technique. Laboratory exercises for teaching students how to determine ploidy in plant tissues using various techniques are described for geranium and onion. The different methods include root tip squashes, pollen mother cell squashes, pollen grain size and germinal pore counts, stomata size and density determination, and gross morphology.

Simple method for gas chromatographic determination of ethylene emitted from plant tissues

1974 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 1621-1622 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Ramsteiner ◽  
B. A. Karlhuber ◽  
W. D. Hoermann
Keyword(s):  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Simple Method

AN ANALYSIS OF AVENA COLEOPTILE PECTIN FRACTIONS

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 1083-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. James Morré ◽  
Alfred C. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Galacturonic Acid ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Cytoplasmic Fraction ◽  
Avena Coleoptile ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Heat Stable Protein

Extraction and determination of pectic materials from growing plant tissues is often complicated by overlapping solubilities and lack of specificity of the pectin assay utilized. We find that the hot water soluble, hot versene soluble, and residual uronide components of Avena coleoptile cell wall represent at least three distinct pectin fractions with little or no overlap in solubility. In situations where hexose interference in colorimetric pectin determinations became appreciable, the polyanhydrogalacturonic acid content of the extract was determined by measurement of isolated galacturonic acid released through the specific action of polygalacturonase.A fourth fraction containing pectin-like materials was extracted from whole tissue in cold acetate buffer. This fraction was associated with heat-stable protein. No pectin identified as polyanhydrogalacturonic acid was found in the cytoplasmic fraction by the same techniques used for identifying pectin on cell wall derived fractions.

scholarly journals Pewarnaan Kromosom dan Pemanfaatannya dalam Penentuan Tingkat Ploidi Eksplan Hasil Kultur Anter Anthurium

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Budi Winarto
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Staining Method ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
Ornamental Crops ◽  
High Benefit ◽  
Chromosome Staining

Metode pewarnaan Kromosom yang optimal merupakan prasarat penting dalam penentuan level ploidi tanaman hasil kultur anter, termasuk variasi eksplan hasil kultur anter Anthurium. Aplikasi dan modifikasi metode pewarnaan kromosom pada berbagai eksplan dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias dari bulan Februari sampai dengan Agustus 2009 untuk mengetahui keragaman dan tingkat ploidi regeneran hasil kultur anter Anthurium. Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan metode pewarnaan kromosom dan modifikasinya, jenis eksplan dan akar yang sesuai untuk mempelajari tingkat ploidi regeneran hasil kultur anter Anthurium. Bahan yang digunakan ialah kalus, pucuk tunas, dan ujung akar udara. Penelitian terdiri atas tiga kegiatan, yaitu (1) modifikasi metode pewarnaan kromosom, (2) seleksi eksplan yang sesuai untuk pewarnaan kromosom, dan (3) optimasi metode pewarnaan kromosom terseleksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ujung akar dan akar yang ditumbuhkan pada medium yang mengandung 1% arang aktif merupakan jenis eksplan dan akar yang sesuai untuk mendapatkan hasil pewarnaan kromosom yang baik. Modifikasi metode pewarnaan kromosom dengan pemanasan ujung akar pada 1N HCl : asam asetat glasial 45% (3:1, v/v) selama 10 menit pada suhu 60oC dan perlakuan aseto-orcein selama 15 menit merupakan metode pewarnaan kromosom yang lebih baik dalam menghasilkan obyek kromosom yang mudah dihitung. Penerapan metode pewarnaan kromosom pada kultur anter Anthurium dapat memisahkan tingkat ploidi regeneran. Pada penelitian ini rasio ploidi regeneran kultur anter ialah 33,5% haploid, 62,7% diploid, dan 5,7% triploid. Metode pewarnaan kromosom yang berhasil dikembangkan dalam penelitian ini sangat bermanfaat dalam pengembangan teknologi haploid pada jenis Araceae yang lain.<br /><br />Optimal chromosome staining method is important pre-requisite in determination of plant ploidy level derived from anther culture, involving varied explants regenerated from Anthurium anther culture. Application and modification of chromosome staining methods on different explants were conducted at the Tissue Culture Laboratory of  Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute from February to August 2009 for determination of the ploidy level of regenerants derived from anther culture of Anthurium. The aim of this research was to determine the chromosome staining method and its modifications, type of explant and root suitable to study the ploidy level of explants derived from anther culture of Anthurium. Callus, shoot tips, and root tips were utilized in the experiment. The research was consisted of three experiments, i.e. (1) modification of chromosome staining methods (2) selection of explants suitable for chromosome staining, and (3) improvement of the selected chromosome staining method. Results of the study indicated that root tips and roots cultured on medium containing 1% active carchoal were the most appropriate explants and the root type in obtaining better chromosome staining results. The modification method with root tip boiled in 1N HCl : 45% of acetic acid glacial (3:1, v/v) for 10 minutes in 60ºC and aceto-orcein treatment for 15 minutes gave appropriate chromosome staining results exhibited clearer chromosome pictures and was easy to be counted. The  application of chromosome staining on anther culture of Anthurium was able to distinguish the ploidy level of regenerants. Ploidy ratio of regenerants derived from anther culture was 33.5% of haploid, 62.7% of diploid, and 5.7% of triploid. Chromosome staining method resulted from the study give high benefit in developing haploid technologies on other Araceae plants.<br /><br />

Localization of acid phosphatases in root cap of rice plant

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 224-225
Author(s):  
Y. R. Chen ◽  
Y. F. Huang ◽  
W. S. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Rice Plant ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Root Cap ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Acid Phosphatases ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Ethanol Series

Acid phosphatases are widely distributed in different tisssues of various plants. Studies on subcellular localization of acid phosphatases show they might be present in cell wall, plasma lemma, mitochondria, plastid, vacuole and nucleus. However, their localization in rice cell varies with developmental stages of cells and plant tissues. In present study, acid phosphatases occurring in root cap are examined.Sliced root tips of ten-day-old rice(Oryza sativa) seedlings were fixed in 0.1M cacodylate buffer containing 2.5% glutaraldehyde for 2h, washed overnight in same buffer solution, incubated in Gomori's solution at 37° C for 90min, post-fixed in OsO4, dehydrated in ethanol series and finally embeded in Spurr's resin. Sections were doubly stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and observed under Hitachi H-600 at 75 KV.

Development of a simple method for the determination of single nucleotide polymorphisms

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. S75-S75
Author(s):  
Weifeng Zhu ◽  
Zhuoqi Liu ◽  
Daya Luo ◽  
Xinyao Wu ◽  
Fusheng Wan
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Single Nucleotide

DETERMINATION OF AFTER-RIPENING PERIOD AND HORMONAL RESPONSE OF OROBANCHE SOLMSII C.D. CLARKE SEEDS

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bista ◽  
G. B. Khattri ◽  
B. D. Acharya ◽  
S. C. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Conditioning Period ◽  
Root Parasite ◽  
One Year

To find out the ability of Orobanche seeds to germinate immediately after seed set, seeds were germinated periodically at an interval of three months for one year in GR24. Some Orobanche seeds were capable of germination immediately after seed set but most required about nine months as after ripening or incubation period to be able to germinate. The phenomenon of after ripening in Orobanche seeds could be taken as an ecological measure to dormant over following unfavorable wet summer season. The growth hormone studies on Orobanche seed germination have shown that GA3 at a concentration of 100 ppm substantially enhanced seed germination when applied during pre-conditioning period. NAA showed some stimulatory effect at 0.5 - 1.0 ppm when applied during post-conditioning period but the hormone if applied during pre-conditioning period inhibited the germination. Kinetin failed to stimulate the germination at all the concentrations tested. Key words: Germination, root-parasite, hormone. Ecoprint Vol.11(1) 2004.

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