scholarly journals Laboratory Techniques for Determining Ploidy in Plants

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 594-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Cramer
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Mother Cell ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Breeding Technique ◽  
Laboratory Techniques ◽  
Stomata Size ◽  
Pollen Grain Size

Determination of ploidy is an essential plant breeding technique. Laboratory exercises for teaching students how to determine ploidy in plant tissues using various techniques are described for geranium and onion. The different methods include root tip squashes, pollen mother cell squashes, pollen grain size and germinal pore counts, stomata size and density determination, and gross morphology.

Laboratory Techniques for Determining Ploidy Levels

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 555c-555
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Cramer
Keyword(s):  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Ploidy Determination ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Stomata Size ◽  
Pollen Grain Size ◽  
Ploidy Chimeras ◽  
Polyploid Crops

The determination of ploidy levels is essential for breeding asexually propagated and polyploid crops that may have ploidy chimeras in their tissues or have several polyploid series. This presentation will discuss a laboratory for teaching students how to determine ploidy levels in different plant tissues using different techniques. The different methods for ploidy determination include root tip squashes, pollen mother cell squashes, pollen grain size and germinal pore counts, stomata size and density determination, and gross morphology. After completing these laboratory experiments, students will be able 1) to initiate a study of ploidy determination, 2) to determine the correct course of action in determining ploidy level, and 3) to recognize the various steps required to determine ploidy level in plants.

scholarly journals Palynology of the Genus Stachytarpheta Vahl. (Verbenaceae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Olubukola ADEDEJI
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pollen Grain Size ◽  
Pollen Diameter ◽  
Stachytarpheta Cayennensis ◽  
Exine Morphology

The exine morphology of pollen grains of Stachytarpheta indica (Linn.) Vahl, Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) Vahl and Stachytarpheta angustifolia (Mill.) Vahl is reported. This study was carried out with a light microscope. Pollen grains from fresh anthers were collected and aceolysed. Statistical analysis used to analyse the data collected include cluster analysis, correlation analysis, similarity and distance indices. The pollen grains are spheroidal to oblate to sub-oblate in shape. They are aperturate, both colpate and porate. Tricolpate types occur most frequently, acolpate, monocolpate, bicolpate and tetracolpate types less frequently. The multicolpate and multiporate attributes in all the species indicate that the genus is not primitive in evolutionary history and this species probably, evolved around in the same time. According to the size, the pollen grains of the genus falls into groups permagna (pollen diameter 100-200 μm) and giganta (pollen diameter greater than 200 μm). S. cayennensis and S. anguistifolia belong to group permagna and S. indica only in the group giganta. This separates S. indica from the other two species. The large pollen grain size in the genus clearly supports the fact that the flowers in the genus are more insect-and-bird pollinated than wind pollinated. The similarity and distance indices of the species showed that S. cayennensis and S. angustifolia are the closest. S. indica is closer to S. angustifolia but farther from S. cayennensis.

scholarly journals Differences in stomatal and pollen grain dimensions and pollen viability between Paspalum rawitscheri populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e46
Author(s):  
Jéssica Mena Barreto De Freitas ◽  
Andrielle Wouters Kuhn ◽  
Viviane Dal-Souto Frescura ◽  
Liliana Essi ◽  
Solange Bosio Tedesco
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Leaf Epidermis ◽  
Stomatal Size ◽  
Pollen Grain Size ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Santa Maria

The objective of this study was to evaluate stomatal and pollen grain size and to estimate pollen viability of individuals from different populations of Paspalum rawitscheri (Parodi) Chase ex G.H. Rua Valls. To analyze stomatal size, slides were made of the adaxial leaf epidermis using the epidermal impression method. The height and width of 100 stomata per population were analyzed. Pollen was obtained from inflorescences to evaluate pollen grain size and pollen viability. Pollen grains were stained with 2% acetic orcein, 2% acetic carmine, or Alexander’s reactive stain. Per population, 1600 grains of pollen were observed for viability, and 50 grains of pollen were measured. There were significant differences between populations in stomatal height and pollen grain height and width. The populations also differed in pollen viability, with the Santa Maria population showing the lowest viability. The differences in stomatal and pollen grain size suggest genetic variability in the evaluated populations. Moreover, low pollen viability in one population indicates that its decline may be related to low fertility. Keywords: Grass. Ploidy. Fertility. Threatened species.

scholarly journals Male gametophytic generation and a possible approach for selective pollination in carnation (Dianthus) breeding program

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 368-375
Author(s):  
Tejaswini
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Dianthus Caryophyllus ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth Rate ◽  
Pollen Grain Size

Present study focuses on making best possible use of male gametophytic generation in carnation breeding program. Exploration of pollen population revealed the existence of variability in terms of pollen morphology and histochemical content among as well as within varieties and species of Dianthus caryophyllus and D. chinensis sufficient to make selection. Pollen grain size and histochemical content were found to be associated with germination capacity and pollen tube growth rate. In addition, pollen germination capacity and elongation of pollen tube in response to presence of culture filtrate from F. oxysporum. f.sp. dianthi causal organism of fusarium wilt in carnation was found to be governed by pollen grain size and histochemical content of pollen grains. Entire result suggests the possibility of selecting the desired pollen grains from a pollen population and possibility of attempting selective pollination in carnation breeding program.

scholarly journals Palyno-morphology of Hedera L. (The ivy genus, araliaceae) and their systematics implications

Genetika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 851-865
Author(s):  
Fahimeh Fallah ◽  
Farrokh Ghahremaninejad
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Hedera Helix ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Pollen Grain Size ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Scanning Electron

The palynomorphological characteristics of 5 species belonging to Hedera of the Araliaceae family were studied in detail. These plant species were collected from various phytogeographical regions of Iran and Hungary. The palynological investigation was accomplished using Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Pollen grains of the species are reticulate, prolate, sub-prolate, tricolporate, isopolar, radially symmetrical, and monad. The largest pollen grain was in the Hedera colchica species (72.24?1.6 ?m) and the smallest pollen grain was in Hedera helix (28.63?2.1 ?m). The research carried out by the TEM showed that the species were different in terms of exine thickness, tectum thickness, foot layer thickness, the diameter and length of the Columella, the thickness and shape of the Caput, the tectum to foot layer )T/F( ratio, the absence or presence of the Endexine and the thickness of the Intine layers. The main purpose of this study was the importance of the relationship between pollen grain size and the number of chromosomes and ploidy level in Hedera species.

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