scholarly journals TEMPERATURE CHARACTERISTIC FOR THE ANAEROBIC PRODUCTION OF CO2 BY GERMINATING SEEDS OF LUPINUS ALBUS

1932 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Sung Tang
Keyword(s):  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Temperature Characteristic ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Germinating Seeds ◽  
Anaerobic Production

The rate of anaerobic production of CO2 by germinating seeds of Lupinus albus was studied as a function of temperature between 7.5° and 18°C. The mean value for the temperature characteristic was found to be 21,500± calories, which is slightly lower than that for the same process under aerobic conditions (23,500± calories). The values for the individual µ's in the two cases overlap considerably. The possible identity of the processes underlying the production of CO2 aerobically and anaerobically is discussed.

SERUM THYROTROPHIN AND THE RESPONSE TO THYROTROPHIN RELEASING HORMONE IN SYMPTOMLESS AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS AND IN BORDERLINE AND OVERT HYPOTHYROIDISM

1974 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gordin ◽  
P. Saarinen ◽  
R. Pelkonen ◽  
B.-A. Lamberg
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Primary Hypothyroidism ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Serum Tsh

ABSTRACT Serum thyrotrophin (TSH) was determined by the double-antibody radioimmunoassay in 58 patients with primary hypothyroidism and was found to be elevated in all but 2 patients, one of whom had overt and one clinically borderline hypothyroidism. Six (29%) out of 21 subjects with symptomless autoimmune thyroiditis (SAT) had an elevated serum TSH level. There was little correlation between the severity of the disease and the serum TSH values in individual cases. However, the mean serum TSH value in overt hypothyroidism (93.4 μU/ml) was significantly higher than the mean value both in clinically borderline hypothyroidism (34.4 μU/ml) and in SAT (8.8 μU/ml). The response to the thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) was increased in all 39 patients with overt or borderline hypothyroidism and in 9 (43 %) of the 21 subjects with SAT. The individual TRH response in these two groups showed a marked overlap, but the mean response was significantly higher in overt (149.5 μU/ml) or clinically borderline hypothyroidism (99.9 μU/ml) than in SAT (35.3 μU/ml). Thus a normal basal TSH level in connection with a normal response to TRH excludes primary hypothyroidism, but nevertheless not all patients with elevated TSH values or increased responses to TRH are clinically hypothyroid.

Infection of European eel, Anguilla anguilla (L.), with the nematode Anguillicoloides crassus (Kuwahara, Niimi et Itagaki, 1974) in Polish waters

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Popielarczyk ◽  
S. Robak ◽  
K. Siwicki
Keyword(s):  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
European Eel ◽  
Szczecin Lagoon ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Anguillicoloides Crassus ◽  
Anatomical Pathology

Infection of European eel, Anguilla anguilla (L.), with the nematode Anguillicoloides crassus (Kuwahara, Niimi et Itagaki, 1974) in Polish waters The aim of this study was to determine the degree of Anguillicoloides crassus infection in European eel inhabiting Polish waters based on selected parasitic descriptors and on anatomical pathology of the swimbladder using macroscopic methods. In all, 154 European eel specimens were sampled from eleven sites in Poland and A. crassus was present in the swimbladder of 114 fish. The intensity of A. crassus infection in all the eel specimens ranged from 1 to 62 parasites at a mean value of 7.5. High values of mean infection intensity were noted in samples from Pomeranian lakes Bukowo, Łebsko, and Jamno. The health of the swimbladder was evaluated using the swimbladder degenerative index (SDI). The mean value of the SDI for all of the eel examined was 3.3, and extensively degenerated swimbladders were observed mainly in samples in the Szczecin Lagoon and from lakes. According to the individual SDI ratings, 9.1% of the eel specimens did not exhibit pathological symptoms of the swimbladder (SDI-0) and an extremely damaged (SDI-6) swimbladder was noted in 11.7% of the fish examined. In the case of eel infected with A. crassus, higher SDI values were reflected in initially increasing shares in subsequent categories. In fish that were not infected with the nematode, only 20% (8 individuals) of the swimbladders showed no symptoms of pathology (SDI-0).

Measurement of feature clustering in images

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 552-553
Author(s):  
John C. Russ
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Random Distribution ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Feature Clustering ◽  
Spatial Coordinates ◽  
Distribution Of Points ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Nearest Neighbor Distances

The spatial distribution of features in an image is often interesting, but not simple to characterize. Mapping of the image into a different space (e.g., Fourier or Hough) offers direct information on various regularities in feature spacing or alignment, but does not deal directly with the individual features. Two other approaches are available; each has advantages and drawbacks, which are discussed here.Schwarz & Exner determine the spatial coordinates of the centroids of features, and sort them to locate the nearest neighbor for each feature present, constructing a distribution plot of the frequency of nearest neighbor distances. Figures 1 and 2 show an example. The three fields in Figure 1 contain, respectively, features which are well-spaced from each other, randomly arranged on the plane, and clustered together. For the random distribution of points, the histogram of nearest neighbor distances is a Poisson distribution, and the mean value is 0.5/NA1/2, where NA is the number of features divided by the area of the image.

Assembly of three major subclasses of mouse immunoglobulin G: a theoretical model for covalent assembly in vivo

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 688-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Percy ◽  
M. E. Percy ◽  
R. Baumal
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
In Vitro Assembly ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Mouse Myeloma

A mathematical model, based on second-order reaction kinetics, has been used to describe the covalent assembly of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in vitro from its heavy (H) and light (L) chains (Percy, M. E., Baumal, R., Dorrington, K. J. &Percy, J. (1976) Can. J. Biochem. 54, 675–687). In the present paper, the same model has now been applied to the steady-state assembly of IgG in vivo. This mathematical approach permits a quantitative comparison of the pathways of covalent assembly used by given immunoglobulins in vivo and in vitro. The assumptions in the model are: the species L, H, HL, HH, HHL and LHHL belong to a common pool; incompleted IgG intermediates may freely assemble to form HL, HH, HHL and LHHL; the reaction rate for covalent linkage between any two reacting species is proportional to the products of the number densities of the reactants and to a parameter P which takes the value PHH if the reaction joins two H chains, and PHL if it joins an H and L chain. In vivo values of PHH/PHL were determined for the 18 mouse myeloma tumours and cell lines studied by Baumal et al. (Baumal, R., Potter, M. &Scharff, M. (1971) J. Exp. Med. 134, 1316–1334). From these analyses, we have arrived at the following conclusions: (1) the three major IgG subclasses have distinctive values of PHH/PHL (mean value 53 for IgG1, 12 for IgG2a and 2.8 for IgG2b); (2) for IgGs of the same subclass, the values of PHH/PHL are similar; (3) the mean in vivo values of PHH/PHL are very close to those determined from in vitro assembly experiments. Finally, the individual values of PHH/PHL have been used to simulate pulse-chase experiments in the various tumours and cell lines. Considering the sources and magnitude of experimental error, the theoretical pathways of assembly agree with those determined qualitatively from the pulse-chase experiments.

scholarly journals TEMPERATURE CHARACTERISTICS FOR THE OXYGEN CONSUMPTION OF GERMINATING SEEDS OF LUPINUS ALBUS AND ZEA MAYS

1931 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 631-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Sung Tang
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Temperature Characteristic ◽  
Temperature Characteristics ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Germinating Seeds

The rate of oxygen consumption by germinating seeds of Lupinus albus and of Zea mays was studied as a function of temperature (7–26°C.). The Warburg manometer technique was used, with slight modifications. Above and below a critical temperature at 19.5°C. the temperature characteristic for oxygen consumption by Lupinus albus was found to be µ = 11,700± and 16,600 respectively. The same critical temperature was encountered in the case of Zea mays, with temperature characteristics µ = 13,100± above and µ = 21,050 below that temperature.

scholarly journals On The Approximation of the Total Amount of Claims

1977 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Pentikäinen
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Normal Approximation ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Normal Distribution Function ◽  
Acceptable Accuracy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Image Position

Several “short cut” methods exist to approximate the total amount of claims ( = χ) of an insurance collective. The classical one is the normal approximationwhere and σx are the mean value and standard deviation of x. Φ is the normal distribution function.It is well-known that the normal approximation gives acceptable accuracy only when the volume of risk business is fairly large and the distribution of the amounts of the individual claims is not “too dangerous”, i.e. not too heterogeneous (cf. fig. 2).One way to improve the normal approximation is the so called NP-method, which provides for the standardized variable a correction Δzwhereis the skewness of the distribution F(χ). Another variant (NP3) of the NP-method also makes use of the moment μ4, but, in the following, we limit our discussion mainly to the variant (2) (= NP2).If Δz is small, a simpler formulais available (cf. fig. 2).Another approximation was introduced by Bohman and Esscher (1963). It is based on the incomplete gamma functionwhere Experiments have been made with both formulae (2) and (4); they have been applied to various F functions, from which the exact (or at least controlled) values are otherwise known. It has been proved that the accuracy is satisfactory provided that the distribution F is not very “dangerous”.

The evaluation of cattle foods and diets in terms of the ruminal concentration of volatile fatty acids I. The effects of level of intake, frequency of feeding, the ratio of hay to concentrates in the diet, and of supplementary feeds

1963 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. H. Bath ◽  
J. A. F. Rook
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Molar Percentage ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Feeding Regimen ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Range Of Values

1. A study was made of the effects of feeding regimen and the composition of the diet on the ruminal production of V.f.a.'S in cattle.2. The day-to-day variations in the pattern of rumen fermentation in cows given a diet of hay and concentrates indicated that within-cow differences in the molar proportions of the acids from diet to diet are of significance if they exceed about 3% (of the mean value) for acetic acid, about 10% for propionic and butyric acids, and about 25% for valeric acid. The results emphasized also the important differences to be found between cows given the same diet.3. A change in the frequency of feeding from once to four times daily at a constant daily drymatter intake had little effect on the daily mean values for pH, concentration of total V.f.a.'S, or the molar percentages of the individual acids, but almost invariably decreased the range of values observed between feeding.4. With diets of hay and of hay and concentrates an increase in daily dry-matter intake was associated with a fall in pH and an increase in the concentration of total V.f.a.'S; with the diet of hay and concentrates there was a considerable decrease in the molar percentage of acetic acid and a corresponding increase in N-butyric, but there was little change in the molar percentages of the acids with the diet of hay.

scholarly journals TEMPERATURE CHARACTERISTICS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CO2 BY GERMINATING SEEDS OF LUPINUS ALBUS AND ZEA MAYS

1931 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Sung Tang
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Temperature Characteristic ◽  
Titration Method ◽  
Temperature Characteristics ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Germinating Seeds

The rates of production of CO2 by germinating seeds of Lupinus albus and Zea mays were studied between temperatures 12.5° and 25°C. with the HCl-Ba(OH)2 titration method. The temperature characteristics found are different from those previously obtained for the oxygen consumption of the same seeds germinated in the same manner. For Lupinus, the temperature characteristics above and below the critical temperature of 20° are 16,100 ± and 24,000 ± calories respectively. For Zea, no evidence of a critical temperature was found in this region, and the temperature characteristic is 20,750 ± calories throughout the range of temperature tested. The possible interpretations of the difference in the values of temperature characteristics for oxygen consumption and for production of CO2 are noted.

Technozym® ADAMTS-13 ANTIGEN ELISA - A New Assay for Specific Quantification of the vWF Cleaving Protease ADAMTS-13.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 4098-4098
Author(s):  
Helga Vetr ◽  
Sabine Geiter ◽  
Fritz Scheiflinger ◽  
Michael Dockal ◽  
Bernd R. Binder
Keyword(s):  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Antigen Elisa ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Antibody Conjugate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Willebrand Factor

Abstract Defects in activity and/or antigen levels of ADAMTS-13, the von Willebrand Factor (vWF) cleaving protease, are viewed as the main cause inducing the microvascular thrombotic disorder TTP (thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura) that is in more than 90% of cases fatal if not treated early and appropriately. Malfunction of ADAMTS-13 with respect to cleave multimeric vWF can be caused by auto-antibodies directed against ADAMTS-13, by decreased presence of ADAMTS-13 in the circulation or by defective activity of ADAMTS-13. Therefore rapid and reliable diagnosis of ADAMTS-13 parameters is a clinical need. We present here an assay for quantification of ADAMTS-13 antigen levels. The assay is a regular double sandwich ELISA employing a monoclonal antibody for capturing ADAMTS-13 from the sample by binding to the CUB domains. The bound ADAMTS-13 is detected by a polyclonal antibody conjugate. The sensitivity of the assay is below 10% of the normal antigen level. In normal samples a wide range (50% to 200%) of the mean level was observed. In idiopathic TTP plasmas also a wide range of antigen levels was observed but with a slighltly lower mean value than in normal samples. Samples from hereditary TTP mostly showed lower antigen levels than normal samples. Thus we could show that this assay provides a useful tool for measuring ADAMTS-13 antigen levels. In combination with our activity assay, which is being developed in parallel, it will be possible to establish ratios of activity and antigen which could provide more insight into the mechanisms of ADAMTS-13 deficiencies than the individual values for antigen and activity.

scholarly journals The 37-year dynamics of a subalpine passerine bird community, with special emphasis on the influence of environmental temperature and Epirrita autumnata cycles

Ornis Svecica ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Enemar ◽  
Bengt Sjöstrand ◽  
Göran Andersson ◽  
Ted Von Proschwitz
Keyword(s):  
Species Turnover ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Passerine Bird ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Epirrita Autumnata ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Individual

The breeding passerine bird community of 9 km2 of a primeval subalpine birch forest in Swedish Lapland was censused yearly from 1963 through 1999. The community density remained stable, fluctuating around a mean value of 403 ± 85 territories/km2. Species richness increased by an average of one species every four years. Twenty species made up 98% of the community and Phylloscopus trochilus (40%) and Fringilla montifringilla (19%) remained the dominant species. The species turnover rate between successive seasons was on average 30%. The mean temperatures in June and July were positively correlated to the community density two years and one year later, respectively, less so for the densities of the individual species. Fringilla montifringilla increased in density during the first two years of each Epirrita autumnata caterpillar outbreak, whereas the other species responded only weakly or not at all. All species tended to fluctuate in parallel (no significant opposite trends) which together with the other results suggests that the investigated bird community is far from saturated.

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