scholarly journals FACTORS RELATED TO THE GROWTH OF PSITTACOSIS VIRUS (STRAIN 6BC)

1952 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert R. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Virus Strain ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Pteroylglutamic Acid

The inhibitory action of sodium sulfadiazine on the growth of psittacosis virus (6BC) in embryonated eggs is readily reversed by citrovorum factor but not by small amounts of vitamin B12. In embryonated eggs, the pteroylglutamic acid analogues, 9-methylpteroylglutamic acid and 4-aminopteroylaspartic acid, produced some suppression of the growth of psittacosis virus (6BC). 4-Aminopteroylglutamic add, 4-amino-N10-methylpteroylglutamic acid, and 4-aminopteroylaspartic acid inhibited the growth of this virus in tissue cultures at concentrations which were not toxic for the host tissue. The inhibitory action of 4-amino-N10-methylpteroylglutamic acid and 4-aminopteroylaspartic acid was readily overcome by addition of citrovorum factor. Growth of meningopneumonitis virus in embryonated eggs or tissue culture is suppressed by 4-aminopteroylaspartic acid. The advantages of the tissue culture technic for studies on the growth of viruses are discussed.

scholarly journals FACTORS RELATED TO THE GROWTH OF PSITTACOSIS VIRUS (STRAIN 6BC)

1954 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 451-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert R. Morgan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Virus Strain ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Virus Growth ◽  
Viral Growth ◽  
Sodium Malonate ◽  
Viral Multiplication

The analogues of amino acids, ß-2-thienylalanine, ethionine, and 6-methyltryptophane, inhibited the growth of psittacosis virus (6BC) in tissue culture without evidence of serious toxicity for the host cells. Of a number of vitamin analogues tested, only salicyl-ß-alanide inhibited viral multiplication in the absence of toxic effects on the host cells. 6,7-Diethylriboflavin, desoxypyridoxine, and oxythiamine reduced viral growth in concentrations that possessed some toxicity for host tissue. In tolerated amounts, 3-acetylpyridine, pyridine-3-sulfonic acid, pantoyl sulfanilamide, and desthiobiotin did not effect viral multiplication. Sodium malonate inhibited psittacosis virus growth in non-toxic amounts, whereas sodium monofluoroacetate was ineffective. Colchicine suppressed multiplication of virus only after a prolonged period of exposure and subsequent delay before producing inhibition, suggesting that the effect was secondary to its antimitotic action which suppressed multiplication of the host cells.

scholarly journals FACTORS RELATED TO THE GROWTH OF PSITTACOSIS VIRUS (STRAIN 6BC)

1952 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert R. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Virus Strain ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Desoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Purine Analogues ◽  
Related Substances ◽  
Host Tissues

In various amounts and mixtures, adenine, guanine, xanthine, hypoxanthine, thymine, thymidine, cytidylic acid, and an enzymatic digest of desoxyribonucleic acid all failed to influence the inhibition by sulfadiazine of the growth of psittacosis virus (6BC) in embryonated eggs. A number of purine analogues, including benzimidazole, 2,6-diaminopurine, and 8-azaguanine, inhibited the growth of psittacosis virus (6BC) in tissue cultures at concentrations which had no obvious toxic effects on the host tissues. The virus inhibitory action of 2,6-diaminopurine was reversed by addition of adenine and that of 8-azaguanine by guanine. The growth of psittacosis virus (6BC) was inhibited by the pteridine compounds 2-ammo-4-hydroxy-6-formylpteridine and xanthopterin, while other related substances had little or no inhibitory activity. Xanthine reversed the inhibitory effects of 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-formylpteridine. There was no correlation between the inhibitory activity of the pteridines on xanthine oxidase and multiplication of the virus.

scholarly journals RS virus diagnosis: comparison of isolation, immunofluorescence and enzyme immunoassay

1986 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilda M. Siqueira ◽  
Vanja Ferreira ◽  
Jussara P. Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Virus Diagnosis ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Two techniques for rapid diagnosis, immunofluorescence (IFAT) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA), have been compared with virus isolaion in tissue culture for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in specimens of nasopharyngeal secretions. The specimens were obtained from children under five years of age suffering from acute respiratory iliness, during a period of six months from January to June 1982. Of 471 specimens examined 54 (11.5%) were positive by virus isolation and 180 (38.2%) were positive by immunofluorescence. The bacterial contamination of inoculated tissue cultures unfortunately prevented the isolation of virus from many samples. Specimens from 216 children were tested to compare enzyme immunoassay and immunofluorescence. Of these 60 (27%) were positive by EIA and 121 (56%) were positive by IFAT. Our results suggest that the EIA technique although highly specific is rather insensitive. This may be because by the time these tests were done the originl nasopharyngeal secretions were considerably diluted and contained more mucus fragments than the call suspension used for IFAT. Of the three techniques, IFAT gives the best results although EIA may be useful where IFAT is not possible.

scholarly journals Micro-operations on cells in tissue cultures

1931 ◽  
Vol 109 (763) ◽  
pp. 380-403 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Continuous Control ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Special Paper ◽  
Long Time

The application of the micromanipulative technique to the study of cells in tissue culture has for a long time offered an interesting, though difficult, field of research. Thus far, comparatively little has been done, the most notable contributions being those of Levi and of Peterfi and co-workers (Levi, 1926 ; Peterfi and Olivo, 1925 ; Peterfi, 1927 ; Peterfi and Kapel, 1928). Peterfi has also written a special paper on the technique (1927). The main deterrent in this work has been the lack of sufficient ease in the accurate and continuous control of the microneedles under the conditions required.

scholarly journals Sonication Culture of Antimicrobial Agent-Containing Cement Spacers Removed during Staged Revisions for Arthroplasty Infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Gomez-Urena ◽  
Rafael J. Sierra ◽  
Kerryl E. Greenwood-Quiantance ◽  
Melissa J. Karau ◽  
James M. Steckelberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Antimicrobial Agent ◽  
Persistent Infection ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Revision Arthroplasty ◽  
Similar Proportion ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Periprosthetic Tissue ◽  
Prosthetic Joint ◽  
Sonication Culture

ABSTRACT Diagnosis of persistent infection at the time of reimplantation for staged revision of infected arthroplasties is challenging. Implant sonication culture for the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) has improved sensitivity compared to standard periprosthetic tissue culture. We report our experience with periprosthetic tissue culture and sonication culture of antimicrobial agent-containing cement spacers (ACSs) collected during second stages of staged revisions for arthroplasty infection. We studied 87 ACSs from 66 patients undergoing two-stage revision arthroplasty for PJI submitted for sonication culture, along with conventional periprosthetic tissue cultures. Two or more positive periprosthetic tissue cultures with the same organism were considered a positive tissue culture. For sonication culture, ≥20 CFU of bacteria per 10 ml of sonicate fluid was considered positive. The sensitivity and specificity of periprosthetic tissue and ACS sonication culture in detecting persistent infection, as well as their association with outcome, were assessed. Persistent infection occurred in 26% of cases. Periprosthetic tissue and sonicate fluid culture had specificities of 96.3 and 100% (P = 0.50), respectively, and sensitivities of 31.6 and 26.3% (P = 1.00), respectively, for the diagnosis of persistent infection. Thirteen subjects deemed not to have persistent infection at time of reimplantation and who had negative periprosthetic tissue and sonicate fluid cultures subsequently developed overt infection. Sonication culture of cement spacers identifies a similar proportion of patients with persistent infection during staged revisions, as detected by periprosthetic tissue cultures; both have low sensitivities to detect persistent infection.

scholarly journals Comparison of different extraction kits to isolate microRNA fromGalleria mellonella(wax moth) larvae infected withMetarhizium brunneum(ARSEF4556)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muneefah A. Alenezi ◽  
Tariq M. Butt ◽  
Daniel C. Eastwood
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Infected Insect ◽  
Sequencing And Expression ◽  
Wax Moth

ABSTRACTMicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in regulating gene expression and are involved in developmental processes in animals, plants and fungi. To understand the role of miRNAs in a biological system, it is important to optimise the extraction procedures to obtain high quality and quantity nucleic acid that enable high throughput sequencing and expression analysis. Numerous kit-based miRNA extraction protocols have been optimised generally to single cell or tissue cultures. Fungi, however, often occupy physically and chemically complex environments which miRNA make extraction challenging, such as fungal pathogens interacting within plant or animal host tissue. We used aGalleria mellonella(wax moth) larvae and entomopathogenic fungusMetarhizium brunneum ARSEF 4556host/pathogen model to compare commercially available miRNA extraction kits (Invitrogen PureLink™ miRNA Isolation Kit, Ambion mirVana™miRNA Isolation Kit and Norgen microRNA purification Kit). Our results showed reproducible and significant differences in miRNAs extraction between the kits, with the Invitrogen PureLink™ miRNA Isolation protocol demonstrating the best performance in terms of miRNA quantity, quality and integrity isolated from fungus-infected insect tissue.

scholarly journals The Effect of Daminozide, Dark/Light Schedule and Copper Sulphate in Tissue Culture of Triticum timopheevii

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2620
Author(s):  
Dmitry Miroshnichenko ◽  
Anna Klementyeva ◽  
Sergey Dolgov
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Triticum Timopheevii ◽  
Dark Light ◽  
Green Plants ◽  
Callus Induction Medium

Triticum timopheevii Zhuk. is a tetraploid wheat that is utilized worldwide as a valuable breeding source for wheat improvement. Gene-based biotechnologies can contribute to this field; however, T. timopheevii exhibits recalcitrance and albinism in tissue cultures, making this species of little use for manipulation through genetic engineering and genome editing. This study tested various approaches to increasing in vitro somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration, while reducing the portion of albinos in cultures derived from immature embryos (IEs) of T. timopheevii. They included (i) adjusting the balance between 2,4-D and daminozide in callus induction medium; (ii) cultivation using various darkness/illumination schedules; and (iii) inclusion of additional concentrations of copper ions in the tissue culture medium. We achieved a 2.5-fold increase in somatic embryogenesis (up to 80%) when 50 mg L−1 daminozide was included in the callus induction medium together with 3 mg L−1 2,4-D. It was found that the dark cultivation for 20–30 days was superior in terms of achieving maximum culture efficiency; moreover, switching to light in under 2 weeks from culture initiation significantly increased the number of albino plants, suppressed somatic embryogenesis, and decreased the regeneration of green plants. Media containing higher levels of copper ions did not have a positive effect on the regeneration of green plants; contrarily, the elevated concentrations caused albinism in plantlets. The results and relevant conclusions of the present study might be valuable for establishing an improved protocol for the regeneration of green plants in tissue cultures of T. timopheevii.

scholarly journals The impact of sonication cultures when the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection is inconclusive

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0252322
Author(s):  
Taiana Cunha Ribeiro ◽  
Emerson Kiyoshi Honda ◽  
Daniel Daniachi ◽  
Ricardo de Paula Leite Cury ◽  
Cely Barreto da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Clinical Criterion ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Prosthetic Joint ◽  
Prosthetic Joint Infections ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sonication Culture

Background In the absence of a gold standard criterion for diagnosing prosthetic joint infections (PJI), sonication of the removed implant may provide superior microbiological identification to synovial fluid and peri-implant tissue cultures. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the role of sonication culture compared to tissue cultures for diagnosing PJI, using different consensus and international guidelines for PJI definition. Methods Data of 146 patients undergoing removal of hip or knee arthroplasties between 2010 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. The International Consensus Meeting (ICM-2018), Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS), Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), the European Bone and Joint Infection Society (EBJIS), and a modified clinical criterion, were used to compare the performance of microbiological tests. McNemar´s test and proportion comparison were employed to calculate p-value. Results Overall, 56% (82/146) were diagnosed with PJI using the clinical criteria. Out of these cases, 57% (47/82) tested positive on tissue culture and 93% (76/82) on sonication culture. Applying this clinical criterion, the sensitivity of sonication fluid and tissue cultures was 92.7% (95% CI: 87.1%- 98.3%) and 57.3% (95% CI: 46.6%-68.0%) (p<0.001), respectively. When both methods were combined for diagnosis (sonication and tissue cultures) sensitivity reached 96.3% (95% CI: 91.5%-100%). Sonication culture and the combination of sonication with tissue cultures, showed higher sensitivity rates than tissue cultures alone for all diagnostic criteria (ICM-18, MSIS, IDSA and EBJIS) applied. Conversely, tissue culture provided greater specificity than sonication culture for all the criteria assessed, except for the EBJIS criteria, in which sonication and tissue cultures specificity was 100% and 95.3% (95% CI: 87.8–100%), respectively (p = 0.024). Conclusions In a context where diagnostic criteria available have shortcomings and tissue cultures remain the gold standard, sonication cultures can aid PJI diagnosis, especially when diagnostic criteria are inconclusive due to some important missing data (joint puncture, histology).

VARIABLE RESPONSE TO VITAMIN B12 OF MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA OF INFANCY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-729
Author(s):  
CALVIN W. WOODRUFF ◽  
HOWARD W. RIPY ◽  
J. CYRIL PETERSON ◽  
WILLIAM J. DARBY
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Megaloblastic Anemia ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Pteroylglutamic Acid

Two cases of megaloblastic anemia in infancy have improved following treatment with vitamin B12. A third case failed to respond to this factor but subsequently responded to pteroylglutamic acid (folic acid). It is suggested that megaloblastic anemia may be a syndrome which embraces more than one entity.

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