scholarly journals SEROLOGICAL STUDIES IN RHEUMATIC FEVER

1949 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 669-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward E. Fischel ◽  
Ruth H. Pauli
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Tissue Extracts ◽  
Serological Studies ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Wassermann Reaction ◽  
Antigen Antibody ◽  
And Control

1. An attempt was made to repeat and extend various tests which have been presumed to demonstrate specific antigens and antibodies in rheumatic fever. 2. The "phase reaction" appears to be an inconstant phenomenon probably related to a colloidal abnormality of the serum, rather than to a specific antigen-antibody system. 3. No specific autoantibodies to human tissue extracts were demonstrable by complement fixation or by the collodion particle technique. Variable results were noted with the same test sera on different occasions, and positive reactions with control tissues and control sera were observed. 4. The possibility should be considered that autoantibodies are not necessarily specific for rheumatic fever but may be manifestations of the occurrence of a type of reaction similar to a biologically false positive Wassermann reaction.

STUDIES ON COMPLEMENT FIXING ANTIGENS OF LEPTOSPIRAE

1960 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Labzoffsky ◽  
A. E. Kelen
Keyword(s):  
Complement Fixation Test ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Cross Reaction ◽  
Fixation Test ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Cross Reactions ◽  
Homologous Antigen ◽  
Precise Diagnosis ◽  
Specific Antigens

Methods of preparation of "whole" and type-specific antigens from leptospiral cultures for use in the complement fixation test are outlined. Leptospiral cultures grown in Korthof's medium were treated with pyridine and after appearance of a copious precipitate were centrifuged. The supernatants were dialyzed and after concentration by pervaporation were used as "whole" antigens. Type-specific antigens were prepared from acetone precipitates of filtrates of "whole" antigens. Considerable cross reaction was observed with "whole" antigens prepared from L. pomona, L. canicola, and L. icterohaemorrhagiae and their respective rabbit hyperimmune sera, although titers with homologous sera were invariably higher. These cross reactions, however, were not as pronounced with sera from cattle naturally infected with L. pomona, where approximately 43% of the sera reacted with homologous antigen only. No reactions were observed between the type-specific antigen and any of the heterologous sera employed. It has also been shown that with experimental sera type-specific antibodies appeared earlier and persisted longer than group-specific antibodies. In view of the above observations the use of polyvalent antigen for routine screening of leptospiral antisera is advocated. Type-specific antigens are recommended for use in more precise diagnosis.

scholarly journals The role of the spirochaete in the Wassermann reaction

1939 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Complement Fixation Test ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Rockefeller Foundation ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
The Other ◽  
Specific Absorption ◽  
Homologous Antigen ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Wassermann Reaction

1. The examination of 1100 sera by both the Wassermann reaction and the complement-fixation test with spirochaetes revealed a superior sensitivity of the latter reaction and practically equal specificity of the two tests.2. Syphilitic serum contains two different antibodies: one reacting with the lipoid antigen of the Wassermann reaction, the other with a specific antigen in the spirochaete.3. The spirochaetal antibody of syphilitic serum has a complex serological structure, corresponding to spirochaete strains of different antigenic make-up.4. The existence of this antibody and its specific absorption by the homologous antigen can also be demonstrated by agglutination.5. The difference between agglutinin titres found in normal and syphilitic sera is not pronounced enough to render this method satisfactory for the practical diagnosis of syphilis.6. The spirochaete contains, apart from its specific antigen, the ubiquitous lipoid substance representing the Wassermann antigen.7. A fraction was obtained from spirochaetes by Raistrick and Topley's method which in complement-fixation and precipitation tests reacted actively with spirochaete antisera from rabbits, but which so far failed to react with syphilitic sera.This work was carried out with the aid of a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation. I wish to thank Prof. Golla, Director of the Central Pathological Laboratory, L.C.C. Mental Hospitals, who rendered this work possible, and Dr Arthur Davies, Director of the Devonport Laboratory, for the hospitality afforded me at his laboratory and for the patients’ sera used in this work. I am indebted to Prof. R. T. Hewlett for his revision of the manuscript, to Prof. Raistrick for advice in chemical matters, and to Dr Amies, of the Lister Institute, for his help with the Sharples centrifuge.

The Standardization and Control of Serology and Nucleic Acid Testing for Infectious Diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne Dimech
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Nucleic Acid Testing ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Patient Sample ◽  
Test Systems ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
And Control

Historically, the detection of antibodies against infectious disease agents was achieved using test systems that utilized biological functions such as neutralization, complement fixation, hemagglutination, or visualization of binding of antibodies to specific antigens, using testing doubling dilutions of the patient sample to determine an endpoint. These test systems have since been replaced by automated platforms, many of which have been integrated into general medical pathology.

scholarly journals STUDIES IN THE SEROLOGY OF SYPHILIS

1930 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 739-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Eagle
Keyword(s):  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Forthcoming Paper ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Globulin Fraction ◽  
Serum Globulin ◽  
Flocculation Test ◽  
Antibody Complex ◽  
Wassermann Reaction ◽  
Antigen Antibody

The substance in syphilitic serum which is responsible for the Wassermann reaction, like that which determines the diagnostic flocculation tests, is associated with the globulin fraction of serum. Every positive Wassermann is accompanied by microscopic (or submicroscopic) aggregation, which is not an essential feature of the reaction; conversely, after every positive flocculation test, the washed precipitate will fix complement. An excess of antigen removes both flocculating and complement-fixing substances completely (>95 per cent). Heating the lipoid-reagin precipitate to 100° for 1 minute destroys the sensitizing film of reagin globulin; the avidity for complement disappears simultaneously. Both the flocculating and complement-fixing properties of syphilitic serum are therefore determined by the same substance, a specifically altered fraction of the serum globulin, reagin. The Wassermann reaction is thus entirely analogous to complement fixation by any antigen-antibody complex. The same film of denatured serum globulin which sensitizes the antigen particles, whether red cells, bacteria, protein, or colloidal lipoid particles, to discharge and aggregation by electrolytes, also endows them with an avidity for complement. The pathogenesis of reagin will be discussed in a forthcoming paper.

scholarly journals Serological studies on group- and species-specific antigens of trachoma and inclusion conjunctivitis (TRIC) agents

1964 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-198
Author(s):  
A. L. Terzin ◽  
N. A. Vedros ◽  
J. B. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Elementary Body ◽  
Specific Component ◽  
Antigen Preparation ◽  
Serological Studies ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Group Component

Group-reactive ether soluble psittacosis and boiled mouse pneumonitis antigens were tested in parallel, with 85 serum specimens. The results indicate that the group-specific C.F. antigens of these organisms are indistinguishable when tested against sera of trachoma patients, monkeys infected with trachoma or against sera of other individuals.Sera of rabbits immunized with viable trachoma-inclusion conjunctivitis (TRIC) organisms, grown in tissue culture, were absorbed with boiled elementary body suspension of mouse pneumonitis agent, which removed the group reactive antibodies, and resulted in a species-specific anti-TRIC serum.The absorbed and unabsorbed TRIC sera were titrated against purified E.B. suspensions, which were prepared both from yolk and from tissue culture grown organisms, of homologous TRIC strains and from other heterologous Bedsonia organisms.Results of absorption experiments indicate that group reactive antigens prepared from mouse pneumonitis and psittacosis are indistinguishable by C.F. test from the group-specific component of the TRIC antigens. The species-specific antigen of the TRIC agents was well distinguished from the species-specific antigen of the psittacosis agent. However, the C.F. test did not distinguish the strains isolated from trachoma from those isolated from cases of inclusion conjunctivitis.The stabilizing effect of sucrose and albumin upon the species-specific C.F. antigen of purified elementary bodies of TRIC organisms was found to be pronounced.Our attempts to produce a species-specific antigen preparation, free from group component, failed.We have pleasure in thanking Dr F. B. Gordon for suggestions; Dr B. V. Birtašević, Mr H. R. Dressler, Dr E. S. Murray and Dr A. J. Vargosko for procuring sera of patients or organisms grown in tissue culture; Dr T. A. Strike for the help with statistical computations; HMC P. R. Hill, HM3 C.O. Wiese and Mr B. L. Ward for invaluable technical assistance.

The Estimation of prostate specific antigen (PSA) concentrations in patients with prostatitis by fully automated ELISA technique.

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 1100-1104
Author(s):  
Hussein Naeem Aldhaheri ◽  
Ihsan Edan AlSaimary ◽  
Murtadha Mohammed ALMusafer
Keyword(s):  
Personal Information ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
And Control

      The Aim of this study was to determine Immunogenetic expression of  Toll-like receptor gene clusters related to prostatitis, to give acknowledge about Role of TLR in prostatitis immunity in men from Basrah and Maysan provinces. A case–control study included 135 confirmed prostatitis patients And 50 persons as a control group. Data about age, marital status, working, infertility, family history and personal information like (Infection, Allergy, Steroid therapy, Residency, Smoking, Alcohol Drinking, Blood group, Body max index (BMI) and the clinical finding for all patients of Prostatitis were collected. This study shows the effect of PSA level in patients with prostatitis and control group, with P-value <0.0001 therefore the study shows a positive significant between elevated PSA levels and Prostatitis.

scholarly journals Serological Assays for Identification of Human Gastric Colonization by Helicobacter pylori Strains Expressing VacA m1 or m2

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrabali Ghose ◽  
Guillermo I. Perez-Perez ◽  
Victor J. Torres ◽  
Marialuisa Crosatti ◽  
Abraham Nomura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Secreted Protein ◽  
Gastric Epithelial Cells ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Development Of Gastric Cancer

ABSTRACT The Helicobacter pylori vacA gene encodes a secreted protein (VacA) that alters the function of gastric epithelial cells and T lymphocytes. H. pylori strains containing particular vacA alleles are associated with differential risk of disease. Because the VacA midregion may exist as one of two major types, m1 or m2, serologic responses may potentially be used to differentiate between patients colonized with vacA m1- or vacA m2-positive H. pylori strains. In this study, we examined the utility of specific antigens from the m regions of VacA as allele-specific diagnostic antigens. We report that serological responses to P44M1, an H. pylori m1-specific antigen, are observed predominantly in patients colonized with m1-positive strains, whereas responses to VacA m2 antigens, P48M2 and P55M2, are observed in patients colonized with either m1- or m2-positive strains. In an Asian-American population, serologic responses to VacA m region-specific antigens were not able to predict the risk of development of gastric cancer.

Rapid detection of Australia/SH antigen and antibody by a simple and sensitive technique of immunoelectronmicroscopy

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 993-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Kelen ◽  
A. E. Hathaway ◽  
D. A. McLeod
Keyword(s):  
Complement Fixation Test ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Antigen Antibody ◽  
Filtration Technique ◽  
Electronmicroscopic Examination

A simple and practical method is presented for demonstrating the presence of the Australia/SH antigen and its corresponding antibody in serum specimens, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The method is based on the electronmicroscopic visualization of characteristic aggregates of antigen–antibody complexes formed in the mixture of a serum specimen and the appropriate Australia/SH detector reagent. It involves the use of a microtechnique requiring minute amounts of reagents and provides, as a result of diffusion and filtration through agar gel, partially purified and concentrated preparations, ready for electronmicroscopic examination in less than an hour. The method is highly specific and yields reproducible results. Its sensitivity was found to be greater than that of the crossover electrophoresis test and closely approximates that of the complement fixation test, with the added advantage of not being affected by the "prozone phenomenon." The method can be recommended for use in laboratories equipped with electronmicroscopic facilities to establish a differential diagnosis of viral hepatitis cases, perform rapid screening of blood samples (blood products) for the presence of Australia/SH antigen, and clarify equivocal results obtained by other methods. It is expected that the agar–diffusion–filtration technique will also prove useful, in general, for enhancing the chances of detecting virus particles in suspensions of relatively low virus concentrations.

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