STUDIES ON COMPLEMENT FIXING ANTIGENS OF LEPTOSPIRAE

1960 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Labzoffsky ◽  
A. E. Kelen
Keyword(s):  
Complement Fixation Test ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Cross Reaction ◽  
Fixation Test ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Cross Reactions ◽  
Homologous Antigen ◽  
Precise Diagnosis ◽  
Specific Antigens

Methods of preparation of "whole" and type-specific antigens from leptospiral cultures for use in the complement fixation test are outlined. Leptospiral cultures grown in Korthof's medium were treated with pyridine and after appearance of a copious precipitate were centrifuged. The supernatants were dialyzed and after concentration by pervaporation were used as "whole" antigens. Type-specific antigens were prepared from acetone precipitates of filtrates of "whole" antigens. Considerable cross reaction was observed with "whole" antigens prepared from L. pomona, L. canicola, and L. icterohaemorrhagiae and their respective rabbit hyperimmune sera, although titers with homologous sera were invariably higher. These cross reactions, however, were not as pronounced with sera from cattle naturally infected with L. pomona, where approximately 43% of the sera reacted with homologous antigen only. No reactions were observed between the type-specific antigen and any of the heterologous sera employed. It has also been shown that with experimental sera type-specific antibodies appeared earlier and persisted longer than group-specific antibodies. In view of the above observations the use of polyvalent antigen for routine screening of leptospiral antisera is advocated. Type-specific antigens are recommended for use in more precise diagnosis.

scholarly journals The conglutination phenomenon. V. Further experiments on the importance of the choice of complement when examining antisera for the presence of complement-fixing or complement-absorbing antibodies

1949 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Blomfield ◽  
R. R. A. Coombs ◽  
N. H. Hole
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Complement Fixation Test ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Fixation Test ◽  
Absorption Test ◽  
Fixation Technique ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Homologous Antigen

1. Anti-mallein sera produced in thirteen species of mammals (including man) and one species of bird have been examined by the haemolytic complement fixation test using guinea-pig complement, and by the conglutinating complement absorption test using pig, horse and cat complements. Two methods of fixation have been used and compared, namely, fixation for half an hour at room temperature and fixation overnight at 4° C.2. The complement of the horse proved to be the most sensitive in nearly every case in demonstrating the specific antibodies in the different sera; in the few instances where it was not markedly the most sensitive it was for practical purposes the equal of any other complement used, independent of the method of fixation. This is clearly indicated in the text figures.3. The effects of overnight fixation on the titres obtained with the different complements are discussed.4. The sera of six fowls inoculated with mallein failed to show fixation of any of the four complements in the presence of the homologous antigen. The presence of immune bodies was demonstrated however by the Indirect Complement Fixation technique of Rice (1948b).

scholarly journals The role of the spirochaete in the Wassermann reaction

1939 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Complement Fixation Test ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Rockefeller Foundation ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
The Other ◽  
Specific Absorption ◽  
Homologous Antigen ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Wassermann Reaction

1. The examination of 1100 sera by both the Wassermann reaction and the complement-fixation test with spirochaetes revealed a superior sensitivity of the latter reaction and practically equal specificity of the two tests.2. Syphilitic serum contains two different antibodies: one reacting with the lipoid antigen of the Wassermann reaction, the other with a specific antigen in the spirochaete.3. The spirochaetal antibody of syphilitic serum has a complex serological structure, corresponding to spirochaete strains of different antigenic make-up.4. The existence of this antibody and its specific absorption by the homologous antigen can also be demonstrated by agglutination.5. The difference between agglutinin titres found in normal and syphilitic sera is not pronounced enough to render this method satisfactory for the practical diagnosis of syphilis.6. The spirochaete contains, apart from its specific antigen, the ubiquitous lipoid substance representing the Wassermann antigen.7. A fraction was obtained from spirochaetes by Raistrick and Topley's method which in complement-fixation and precipitation tests reacted actively with spirochaete antisera from rabbits, but which so far failed to react with syphilitic sera.This work was carried out with the aid of a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation. I wish to thank Prof. Golla, Director of the Central Pathological Laboratory, L.C.C. Mental Hospitals, who rendered this work possible, and Dr Arthur Davies, Director of the Devonport Laboratory, for the hospitality afforded me at his laboratory and for the patients’ sera used in this work. I am indebted to Prof. R. T. Hewlett for his revision of the manuscript, to Prof. Raistrick for advice in chemical matters, and to Dr Amies, of the Lister Institute, for his help with the Sharples centrifuge.

Experimente zur Erzeugung tumorspezifischer, zirkulierender Antikörper

1960 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 375-378
Author(s):  
Arno Geissler ◽  
Wolfgang Müller-Ruchholtz ◽  
Else Knake
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Complement Fixation Test ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Fixation Test ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Cytotoxic Antibodies ◽  
Precipitin Test ◽  
Gel Diffusion

The immunization of highly inbred Wistar rats with a Benzpyrene-Sarcoma produced in this strain did not stimulate the formation of circulating tumor-specific antibodies. In these studies the complement fixation test, the colloid-complement fixation test, the ring precipitin test, the agar-gel-diffusion technic of Ouchterlony and tissue cultures for the study of cytotoxic antibodies were used.

Recent experience with the complement fixation test in the laboratory diagnosis of rickettsial diseases in the United States

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-283
Author(s):  
C C Shepard ◽  
M A Redus ◽  
T Tzianabos ◽  
D T Warfield
Keyword(s):  
Complement Fixation Test ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Reaction ◽  
Fixation Test ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Murine Typhus ◽  
Epidemic Typhus ◽  
Antibody Titers

Sera from patients suspected of having rickettsial infections were tested in the complement fixation test with antigens prepared from the rickettsiae of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (SF), rickettsial pox (RP), murine typhus, epidemic typhus, and from Rickettsia canada (RC). Eight units of antigen were used in all cases and two units in man. Only those patients with antibody titers of 1:16 or higher were included in the study. Largely on the basis of comparative titers, the patients were divided into two groups: 102 with SF and 35 with infections by one of the members of the typhus group. The antibody titers were higher with SF antigen than RP antigen in 72% of the SF patients, and in only two SF patients was the RP titer higher, and then by only one tube (twofold dilution). There seemed little advantage in including the RP antigen in the battery of rickettsial antigens. Cross-reaction with at least one of the typhus antigens was observed in the sera from 64% of the SF patients. It was extensive enough to be confusing (within one tube) in 17% with eight units of antigen, but the differentiation was more distinct with two units of antigen. The cross-reaction with typhus antigens was as frequent in children with SF as it was in adults; thus, it is unlikely that these cross-reactions resulted from previous typhus vaccination. The serological differentiation between murine typhus and epidemic typhus was frequently difficult, but the epidemiological background was distinct. Five patients had higher titers to RC antigen, and four of these may possibly have had RC infections.

scholarly journals Molluscum contagiosum: serology and electron microscopy findings in twenty one patients

1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. F. Fonseca ◽  
R. D. Machado ◽  
M. I. M. Liberto ◽  
G. Marcolino
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Complement Fixation Test ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Molluscum Contagiosum ◽  
Fixation Test ◽  
Molluscum Contagiosum Virus ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Electron Microscopical

Twenty one cases of molluscum contagiosum virus disease were collected for electron microscopical and serological tests. Molluscum virus was detected in the crust, inside the vacuoles formed in the keratinocytes cells. The patients developed specific antibodies to the virus detected by complement fixation test.

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