scholarly journals TISSUE CULTURE STUDIES ON BACTERIAL HYPERSENSITIVITY

1936 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes K. Moen
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Cellular Migration ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cellular Injury ◽  
Chronic Type ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Skin Hypersensitivity ◽  
Cellular Sensitivity ◽  
Splenic Cells

1. Guinea pigs infected with naturally pathogenic hemolytic streptococci (group C—Lancefield) develop a low grade chronic type of disease characterized chiefly by purulent lymphadenitis. 2. Cutaneous hyperreactivity to a crude streptococcal extract invariably occurred during the course of this infection. 3. Production of antibodies (precipitins and agglutinins) was studied. 4. The hemolytic streptococcal extract had a specific toxic effect, when tested in vitro, on cells from infected animals; this was shown by microscopic evidence of cellular injury, and by quantitative inhibition of cellular migration and growth. The specificity of the reaction was proven by testing with other cytotoxic substances. 5. There was no parallelism between skin hypersensitivity and humoral antibody titer. 6. There was no correlation between the degree of skin reactivity to the bacterial extract and the degree of sensitivity of splenic cells to the toxic action of the same extract in vitro. 7. Comparison of cellular sensitivity to tuberculin with cellular sensitivity to streptococcal extract in cultures of guinea pig tissues showed that the former was more intense and was more persistent on prolonged growth in vitro.

scholarly journals TISSUE CULTURE STUDIES ON BACTERIAL HYPERSENSITIVITY

1936 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes K. Moen ◽  
Homer F. Swift
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Infectious Process ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Cellular Sensitivity ◽  
Growth Energy ◽  
High Degree ◽  
In Cells

1. A high degree of cellular sensitivity to tuberculin toxicity was demonstrated when explants from tuberculous animals were grown in media containing that substance. 2. Similar degrees of sensitivity were noted in cells derived from animals infected with either virulent or relatively lowly virulent strains of tubercle bacilli. 3. The specificity of the tuberculin cytotoxicity was proven by testing with other bacterial cytotoxic materials. 4. Tuberculin sensitive cells grown in vitro in normal media showed, when tested with tuberculin, persistence of this cellular sensitivity through several transplantations during which time many new generations of cells developed. 5. There was a depression of the initial growth energy of explants from animals during the toxic phase of the disease. During the healing stage the initial growth energy returned to normal although marked sensitivity to tuberculin persisted. 6. The degree of cellular sensitivity to tuberculin in vitro did no parallel the acuity of the infectious process but represented a more or less permanent acquired characteristic impressed on the cell as a result of the infection.

scholarly journals TISSUE CULTURE STUDIES ON BACTERIAL ALLERGY IN EXPERIMENTAL BRUCELLOSIS

1958 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy H. Heilman ◽  
Dexter H. Howard ◽  
Charles M. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Splenic Cells ◽  
Homologous Antiserum

Tissue culture methods have been used to investigate infectious allergy in experimental brucellosis. A study was made of the effect of whole cell Brucella antigen on cultures of spleen from normal and Brucella-infected guinea pigs. The degree of toxicity was based upon the inhibition of migration of wandering cells and upon the morphologic appearance of stained sections of tissue cultures at different periods of incubation. A suspension of heat-killed Br. suis was more toxic for splenic cells from guinea pigs infected with Br. suis than for normal splenic cells. Macrophages were more sensitive than leucocytes to the toxic action of the antigen. The degenerative changes observed in Brucella-sensitive cells exposed to the antigen were similar to the degeneration previously observed in cultures of tuberculin-sensitive cells in the presence of tuberculin. The specific toxicity of the whole Brucella antigen, however, was more marked than that of tuberculin. Preliminary experiments indicate that serum and plasma containing specific antibodies obtained from Brucella-infected guinea pigs reduce the toxic effect of the antigen in cultures of both normal and Brucella-sensitive cells. The protective action of the homologous antiserum was greater for Brucella-sensitive cells than for normal cells.

scholarly journals In Vitro Propagation Of Nepalese Orchids: A Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva ◽  
Kamal P. Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Rapid Loss ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
The Past ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Natural Stands

AbstractNepalese orchids are made up of 458 taxa. Despite a ban on the collection and trade of all orchid species in Nepal, numerous anthropogenic factors are leading to the rapid loss of natural stands of germplasm. Biotechnology, specifically in vitro propagation, may be the only viable solution for preserving and reintroducing endangered germplasm back into the wild. Despite the large germplasm base, only tissue culture studies have been conducted, and most have focused almost exclusively on in vitro seed germination, the bulk of which have been conducted in the past few years. No other biotechnological advances have yet been made. This brief review provides a short synopsis of the advances made thus far in the in vitro propagation of Nepalese orchids.

scholarly journals TISSUE CULTURE STUDIES

1950 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne Hull ◽  
Paul L. Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Complete Medium ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Embryo Extract ◽  
Chick Heart ◽  
Heart Cultures

The effect of horse serum alone, and of embryo extract alone, was compared with that of "complete medium" on the content and synthesis of ribo- and desoxyribonucleic acids and uptake of tracer P32 by chick heart cultures in vitro. The factors mentioned are influenced by embryo extract in a manner similar to the effect in complete medium. Horse serum produced little synthesis of nucleic acids or uptake of tracer, giving only slightly more effect than Tyrode's solution alone. Cutting the tissue into smaller pieces caused considerably greater synthetic effects, and retarded necrosis of the implant.

scholarly journals TISSUE CULTURE STUDIES ON BACTERIAL HYPERSENSITIVITY

1937 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes K. Moen
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Toxic Action ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Bacterial Extract ◽  
Nonspecific Effect ◽  
Neutralizing Capacity ◽  
Agglutinin Titer ◽  
Deleterious Influence

1. Plasmas from guinea pigs, chronically infected with group C hemolytic streptococci, neutralize the components of bacterial extract which exert a marked toxic action on hypersensitive cells in vitro. 2. The neutralizing capacity of these immune plasmas is relatively specific for the bacterial extract, and is not due to a variable nonspecific effect on normal or hypersensitive tissue cells. 3. A rough correlation between the agglutinin titer and the relative neutralizing capacity of immune plasma suggests that the latter may be a manifestation of antibody action. 4. The tolerance by guinea pigs of chronic hemolytic streptococcal lymphadenitis is explainable, at least in part, by the neutralizing capacity of their plasmas, since such soluble bacterial products as may be absorbed from infectious foci would probably be neutralized before they could exert a deleterious influence on the hypersensitive cells of the animals.

TISSUE CULTURE STUDIES ON THE HORMONE DEPENDENCE OF EXPERIMENTAL OVARIAN TUMOURS IN RATS

1962 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stig Kullander ◽  
Bengt Källén
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Primary Tumour ◽  
Tumour Response ◽  
Ovarian Tumour ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Ovarian Tumours ◽  
Growth Activity

ABSTRACT Changes in experimental rat ovarian tumour response to steroids, tested in tissue culture, have been studied following subcutaneous isografting of such a tumour into animals in various endocrine conditions, and with the aid of repeated biopsies from such tumours left in situ intrasplenically in heterozygotic animals. The in vivo response of isografted tumours indicated a stimulation by oestrogens and progesterone. The primary tumour used for isografting experiments showed little response to steroids in vitro; the only effect obtained was a statistically non-significant arrest with oestrone (3-hydroxy-oestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one). After 6 months' growth as subcutaneous grafts into hosts in various endocrine conditions, considerable changes could be demonstrated in cell response to steroids. Transplants grown in different milieus showed different responses to steroids in vitro. In some cases, stimulating effects and, in others, inhibitory ones were observed. There was also a difference in growth activity in control cultures prepared from the various transplants. Repeated biopsies made from tumours left in situ intrasplenically showed changes in response to androsterone (3α-hydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one) in vitro during the life-span of the tumour. In some cases, a loss of reactivity could be found; in other cases, a capacity to respond developed.

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