Tissue culture studies of blood vessel grafts. I. The cultivation in vitro of fresh normal adult aorta (dog, cat, rabbit, goat, monkey, and human)

1953 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Stearns Parshley ◽  
Ralph A. Deterling ◽  
Claude C. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Normal Adult ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Cultivation In Vitro

scholarly journals THE MULTIPLICATION OF TUBERCLE BACILLI WITHIN NORMAL PHAGOCYTES IN TISSUE CULTURE

1952 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel Suter
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Avirulent Strain ◽  
Glass Slides ◽  
Intracellular Multiplication ◽  
Cultivation In Vitro

A technique has been described for the cultivation in vitro of normal mononuclear cells on glass slides in a liquid medium. Under these conditions the monocytes transformed into macrophages which proliferated as in ordinary tissue culture. These cultures of monocytes could be infected with tubercle bacilli. The numbers of stainable tubercle bacilli within the monocytes increased steadily in cultures infected with virulent or attenuated strains. Evidence is given to support the view that this increase in numbers of bacilli was due to intracellular multiplication. There was no evidence of intracellular bacillary multiplication in cultures infected with an avirulent strain. Tubercle bacilli multiplying within phagocytes in vitro exert a damaging effect upon the host cells. The damage was most obvious in cells infected with a virulent strain. Tubercle bacilli within phagocytes were protected against the bacteriostatic effect of streptomycin added in a concentration of 5 γ per ml. of culture medium. This permitted the use of streptomycin in infected cultures to prevent extracellular multiplication of the bacilli.

scholarly journals TISSUE CULTURE STUDIES ON BACTERIAL HYPERSENSITIVITY

1936 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes K. Moen ◽  
Homer F. Swift
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Infectious Process ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Cellular Sensitivity ◽  
Growth Energy ◽  
High Degree ◽  
In Cells

1. A high degree of cellular sensitivity to tuberculin toxicity was demonstrated when explants from tuberculous animals were grown in media containing that substance. 2. Similar degrees of sensitivity were noted in cells derived from animals infected with either virulent or relatively lowly virulent strains of tubercle bacilli. 3. The specificity of the tuberculin cytotoxicity was proven by testing with other bacterial cytotoxic materials. 4. Tuberculin sensitive cells grown in vitro in normal media showed, when tested with tuberculin, persistence of this cellular sensitivity through several transplantations during which time many new generations of cells developed. 5. There was a depression of the initial growth energy of explants from animals during the toxic phase of the disease. During the healing stage the initial growth energy returned to normal although marked sensitivity to tuberculin persisted. 6. The degree of cellular sensitivity to tuberculin in vitro did no parallel the acuity of the infectious process but represented a more or less permanent acquired characteristic impressed on the cell as a result of the infection.

Monocytes Modulate Megakaryocyte-Mediated Fibrosis of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells in Vitro

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 1759-1759
Author(s):  
Emil Tom Kuriakose ◽  
Jason Shieh ◽  
Jae Hung Shieh ◽  
Richard T. Silver ◽  
Malcolm A.S. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Positive Selection ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Normal Adult ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Marrow Stroma ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Abstract 1759 Myelofibrosis (MF) is a terminal feature of the chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), primary myelofibrosis (PMF), polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET).We and others have shown, using both in vitro and in vivo models, that proliferation of megakaryocytes (MK) and their pathologic interaction with marrow stroma plays a central role in MF. However, the marrows of patients with MPNs remain free of fibrosis for a substantial part of their clinical course, despite increased MK proliferation and turnover in the marrow, suggesting that additional factors may modulate the fibrotic effects of the MK on marrow stroma. Since monocytosis is often seen in patients with MF, we examined whether monocytes may play such a role in MF. Human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), MK progenitors, and circulating monocytes were obtained from peripheral blood of 13 patients with MF (3 post PV MF, 10 PMF), G-CSF mobilized peripheral blood from normal adults (MPB), and cord blood (CB) using MACS column separation by positive selection of cells expressing CD34, CD41, and CD14 respectively. HSCs were cultured in serum free medium (SFM) on the murine bone marrow stromal cell line OP9 transduced with an adenoviral vector expressing the human thrombopoietin gene (OP9-adenoTPO). After 10–12 days in culture, mature MKs were harvested using MACS column by positive selection of cells expressing human CD41. Purity of cell fractions was more than 90% by flow cytometry. Isolated MKs and monocytes were seeded with trypsinized OP9 in SFM at various ratios on 96 well or 384 well tissue culture treated plates and incubated at 37° C. MKs formed focal aggregates on adherent OP9 cells within 24 hours, which by 48 hours, became round dark fibrotic nodules when seen using phase contrast microscopy. Formation of these focal fibrosis (FF) areas was more pronounced with higher MK:OP9 ratios, and was equally induced by MKs from MF patients, normal adult MKs, and CB MKs. FF was not observed with CD41 negative cells, nor in control OP9 wells. Time lapse photography revealed that FF formation involved migration of both MKs and OP9 cells, and that FF was enhanced by inhibition of CXCR4 using AMD3100. Peripheral blood monocytes from normal adult controls and CB did not induce formation of FF. Circulating monocytes from most MF patients induced FF, but to a lesser degree than MKs. Addition of monocytes to MK-OP9 FF showed that normal adult monoctyes inhibited FF formation in a dose dependent manner, whereas monocytes of MF patients had variable effects, with some inhibiting FF, and others not. To determine whether differential conditioning of monocytes can induce variable stromal changes, normal adult circulating monocytes were cultured in SFM with TGF- ß1, interferon alfa (IFNα), and TNFα in tissue culture flasks. Monocytes cultured in TNFα (MoTNF) became adherent and spindle shaped within 72 hours. Conditioned medium (CM) from MoTNF suppressed OP9 differentiation into adipocytes in a dose dependent manner. CM from monocytes cultured in IFNα (MoIFN) enhanced OP9 differentiation into adipocytes in a dose dependent manner. MoTGF caused proliferation of OP9 and suppressed adipocyte differentiation, but was not significantly different from control with TGFβ alone. CM from MoIFN decreased FF formation by MKs on OP9 and increased adipocyte number, but IFNα by itself had no such effect on FF formation. Both CM from MoTNF and TNFα increased FF formation by MKs in a dose dependent manner. Together, these results demonstrate that monocytes can enhance or hinder MK induced fibrosis depending on their conditioning by specific cytokines, with IFNα hindering and TNFα enhancing the fibrotic effect. Our data suggest that the known anti-megakaryocytic and anti-fibrotic activities of IFNα may be due to its conditioning of monocytes into an anti-fibrotic phenotype. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals In Vitro Propagation Of Nepalese Orchids: A Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva ◽  
Kamal P. Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Rapid Loss ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
The Past ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Natural Stands

AbstractNepalese orchids are made up of 458 taxa. Despite a ban on the collection and trade of all orchid species in Nepal, numerous anthropogenic factors are leading to the rapid loss of natural stands of germplasm. Biotechnology, specifically in vitro propagation, may be the only viable solution for preserving and reintroducing endangered germplasm back into the wild. Despite the large germplasm base, only tissue culture studies have been conducted, and most have focused almost exclusively on in vitro seed germination, the bulk of which have been conducted in the past few years. No other biotechnological advances have yet been made. This brief review provides a short synopsis of the advances made thus far in the in vitro propagation of Nepalese orchids.

scholarly journals Cultivation of Clinically Significant Hemoflagellates

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick L. Schuster ◽  
James J. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Variable Component ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Tissue Culture Media ◽  
Oriental Sore ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Cultivation In Vitro

SUMMARY The hemoflagellates, Trypanosoma spp. and Leishmania spp., are causal agents of a number of parasitic diseases having a major impact on humans and domestic animals over vast areas of the globe. Among the diseases are some of the most pernicious and deadly of human afflictions: African sleeping sickness, Chagas' disease, kala-azar, and Oriental sore. The organisms have complex, pleomorphic life cycles typically involving a vertebrate and an invertebrate host, the latter serving as a vector. In the vertebrate host, they are primarily blood and tissue parasites. In their transition from one host to another, the hemoflagellates undergo morphological, physiological, and biochemical changes that facilitate their growth and subsequent transmission. A major goal in the study of the hemoflagellates has been the cultivation in vitro of both vertebrate and invertebrate stages of the organisms. The first types of media used in their cultivation, and still useful for establishment of cultures, were undefined and contained a complex of ingredients. These gave way to semidefined formulations which included tissue culture media as a base and, as a next step, addition of tissue culture cells as a feeder layer to promote parasite growth. More recently developed media are completely defined, having replaced the feeder cells with various supplements. Serum, a sometimes-variable component of the media, can be replaced by various serum substitutes. This review focuses on the hemoflagellates that infect humans, describing stages in the development of media leading to the fully defined formulations that are now available for the cultivation of many of these organisms.

scholarly journals TISSUE CULTURE STUDIES

1950 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne Hull ◽  
Paul L. Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Complete Medium ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Embryo Extract ◽  
Chick Heart ◽  
Heart Cultures

The effect of horse serum alone, and of embryo extract alone, was compared with that of "complete medium" on the content and synthesis of ribo- and desoxyribonucleic acids and uptake of tracer P32 by chick heart cultures in vitro. The factors mentioned are influenced by embryo extract in a manner similar to the effect in complete medium. Horse serum produced little synthesis of nucleic acids or uptake of tracer, giving only slightly more effect than Tyrode's solution alone. Cutting the tissue into smaller pieces caused considerably greater synthetic effects, and retarded necrosis of the implant.

scholarly journals TISSUE CULTURE STUDIES ON BACTERIAL HYPERSENSITIVITY

1937 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes K. Moen
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Toxic Action ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Bacterial Extract ◽  
Nonspecific Effect ◽  
Neutralizing Capacity ◽  
Agglutinin Titer ◽  
Deleterious Influence

1. Plasmas from guinea pigs, chronically infected with group C hemolytic streptococci, neutralize the components of bacterial extract which exert a marked toxic action on hypersensitive cells in vitro. 2. The neutralizing capacity of these immune plasmas is relatively specific for the bacterial extract, and is not due to a variable nonspecific effect on normal or hypersensitive tissue cells. 3. A rough correlation between the agglutinin titer and the relative neutralizing capacity of immune plasma suggests that the latter may be a manifestation of antibody action. 4. The tolerance by guinea pigs of chronic hemolytic streptococcal lymphadenitis is explainable, at least in part, by the neutralizing capacity of their plasmas, since such soluble bacterial products as may be absorbed from infectious foci would probably be neutralized before they could exert a deleterious influence on the hypersensitive cells of the animals.

TISSUE CULTURE STUDIES ON THE HORMONE DEPENDENCE OF EXPERIMENTAL OVARIAN TUMOURS IN RATS

1962 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stig Kullander ◽  
Bengt Källén
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Primary Tumour ◽  
Tumour Response ◽  
Ovarian Tumour ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Ovarian Tumours ◽  
Growth Activity

ABSTRACT Changes in experimental rat ovarian tumour response to steroids, tested in tissue culture, have been studied following subcutaneous isografting of such a tumour into animals in various endocrine conditions, and with the aid of repeated biopsies from such tumours left in situ intrasplenically in heterozygotic animals. The in vivo response of isografted tumours indicated a stimulation by oestrogens and progesterone. The primary tumour used for isografting experiments showed little response to steroids in vitro; the only effect obtained was a statistically non-significant arrest with oestrone (3-hydroxy-oestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one). After 6 months' growth as subcutaneous grafts into hosts in various endocrine conditions, considerable changes could be demonstrated in cell response to steroids. Transplants grown in different milieus showed different responses to steroids in vitro. In some cases, stimulating effects and, in others, inhibitory ones were observed. There was also a difference in growth activity in control cultures prepared from the various transplants. Repeated biopsies made from tumours left in situ intrasplenically showed changes in response to androsterone (3α-hydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one) in vitro during the life-span of the tumour. In some cases, a loss of reactivity could be found; in other cases, a capacity to respond developed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document