scholarly journals I. THE PERMEABILITY OF THE WALL OF THE LYMPHATIC CAPILLARY

1932 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Hudack ◽  
Philip D. McMaster
Keyword(s):  
Semipermeable Membrane ◽  
Lymphatic Capillary ◽  
Blood Capillaries ◽  
General Direction ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Narrow Lumen ◽  
Mouse Ear ◽  
Gradient Of Permeability ◽  
Active Flow

A technique has been developed for the demonstration of lymphatic capillaries in the ear of the mouse by means of vital dyes and for tests of their permeability under normal and pathological conditions. The lymphatics become visible as closed channels from which the dyes escape secondarily into the tissue. Some of them, cross-connections, with extremely narrow lumen, would seem ordinarily not to be utilized. There is active flow along the lymphatics of the mouse ear under ordinary circumstances. The movement of dye was always toward the main collecting system. The valves of the lymphatics as well as fluid flow prevented distal spread. There was in addition slow migration, apparently interstitial in character, but in the same general direction, of dots of color produced by the local injection of dye. The normal permeability of the lymphatics was studied with dyes of graded diffusibility. Their walls proved readily permeable for those highly diffusible pigments that the blood capillaries let through easily, but retained those that the latter retained. Finely particulate matter (India ink, "Hydrokollag"), they did not let pass. No gradient of permeability was observed to exist along them such as exists along the blood capillaries of certain organs. The observed phenomena of lymphatic permeability, like those of the permeability of the blood capillaries, can be explained on the assumption that the lymphatic wall behaves like a semipermeable membrane.

scholarly journals II. INDUCED ALTERATIONS IN THE PERMEABILITY OF THE LYMPHATIC CAPILLARY

1932 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip D. McMaster ◽  
Stephen Hudack
Keyword(s):  
Great Increase ◽  
Semipermeable Membrane ◽  
Chemical Stimulation ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fluid Accumulation ◽  
Lymphatic Capillary ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Chemical Irritation ◽  
Local Accumulation

A standardized solution of a vital dye which escapes with some difficulty from the lymphatics of the ear of the mouse has been utilized in tests of the permeability of the lymphatic wall under various conditions. It has been found that this permeability is subject to great change. The slight pressure that suffices to prevent lymph flow from the ear,—an organ in which such flow goes on normally,—soon results in increased permeability of the obstructed lymphatics without as yet any perceptible dilatation of these vessels. Mechanical stimulation as for example a stroke with a blunt wire, or scratching so light as not to break the epidermis, results in a practically immediate, great increase in lymphatic permeability, which is sharply localized to the region pressed upon. This increase in permeability, though so great that even hemoglobin is let pass by the lymphatics, endures but a few hours. Warming the ear to 43°C. or exposure to mild sunlight increases permeability considerably. Slight chemical irritation increases it greatly, though not so much that particulate matter is let pass. The edema developing as result of lymphatic obstruction or mechanical, thermal, or chemical stimulation is preceded by and associated with a large increase in lymphatic permeability. The facts are discussed in relation to their bearing upon fluid accumulation within the tissue. It is plain that influences within the realm of the normal suffice to increase lymphatic permeability and that those which lead to edema cause a very great increase in it. In proportion as this increase occurs the lymphatics cease to be channels demarcated by a semipermeable membrane. It seems certain that the changes must be in some part responsible for the local accumulation of fluid. There exist possibilities, on the other hand, of a correlation between the functionings of the blood and lymph vessels under certain pathological conditions, as during the resorption of edema.

Eustachian Tube Lymphatics

1975 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack L. Pulec ◽  
Tomokazu Kamio ◽  
Malcolm D. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Blood Capillary ◽  
Lymphatic Capillary ◽  
Blood Capillaries ◽  
First Time ◽  
Serous Otitis Media

Serous otitis media is the most common cause of hearing impairment. The role of lymphatic obstruction in the pathogenesis of serous otitis media is significant. A method for removal of the human Eustachian tube specimen and two techniques for identification of Eustachian tube lymphatic capillaries are described. One involves the antemortem intratympanic installation of Berlin blue. The other utilizes electron microscopy. Lymphatic capillaries cannot be reliably differentiated from blood capillaries with the light microscope. With electron microscopy, lymphatic capillaries can be differentiated from blood capillaries by differences in the basement membrane. The lymphatic capillary has gaps in the basement membrane with large nuclei in the wall. A blood capillary has a continuous basement membrane and sometimes red blood cells can be identified in the lumen. Using these methods, Eustachian tube lymphatic capillaries in the human are described for the first time in this report.

Ultrastructure of Lymphatic Capillaries in the Transport of Colloidal Particles

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 186-187
Author(s):  
L. V. Leak ◽  
J. F. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Thorium Dioxide ◽  
Lymphatic Capillary ◽  
Tissue Area ◽  
Rapid Removal ◽  
Tissue Fluids

The vital role played by the lymphatic capillaries in the transfer of tissue fluids and particulate materials from the connective tissue area can be demonstrated by the rapid removal of injected vital dyes into the tissue areas. In order to ascertain the mechanisms involved in the transfer of substances from the connective tissue area at the ultrastructural level, we have injected colloidal particles of varying sizes which range from 80 A up to 900-mμ. These colloidal particles (colloidal ferritin 80-100A, thorium dioxide 100-200 A, biological carbon 200-300 and latex spheres 900-mμ) are injected directly into the interstitial spaces of the connective tissue with glass micro-needles mounted in a modified Chambers micromanipulator. The progress of the particles from the interstitial space into the lymphatic capillary lumen is followed by observing tissues from animals (skin of the guinea pig ear) that were injected at various time intervals ranging from 5 minutes up to 6 months.

Morphological and elemental analysis of isolated incubated frog retina-choroid

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 298-299
Author(s):  
B. J. Panessa-Warren ◽  
J. B. Warren ◽  
H. W. Kraner
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Human Retina ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Frog Retina ◽  
Isolated Retina ◽  
Vertebrate Eye ◽  
Retina Pigment Epithelium

Our previous studies have demonstrated that abnormally high amounts of calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) can be accumulated in human retina-choroid under pathological conditions and that barium (Ba), which was not detected in the eyes of healthy individuals, is deposited in the retina pigment epithelium (RPE), and to a lesser extent in the sensory retina and iris. In an attempt to understand how these cations can be accumulated in the vertebrate eye, a morphological and microanalytical study of the uptake and loss of specific cations (K, Ca,Ba,Zn) was undertaken with incubated Rana catesbiana isolated retina and RPE preparations. Large frogs (650-800 gms) were dark adapted, guillotined and their eyes enucleated in deep ruby light. The eyes were hemisected behind the ora serrata and the anterior portion of the eye removed. The eyecup was bisected along the plane of the optic disc and the two segments of retina peeled away from the RPE and incubated.

An Ultrastructural Study of the Proliferation Patterns of the Reserve Cells of the Human Cervix Uteri

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
Takanori Sohda ◽  
Hiroshi Saito ◽  
Goro Asano ◽  
Katsunari Fukushi ◽  
Katsuya Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cervix Uteri ◽  
Morphological Aspect ◽  
Functional Aspect ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Human Cervix ◽  
Morphological Patterns

Recently, the functional aspect as well as morphological aspect of the reserve cells in the cervix uteri drew much attention in view of the carcinogenesis in squamocolumunar junction. In this communication, the authors elucidate the ultrastructural features of the reserve cells in patients of various age groups visiting our university hospital and affiliated hospital.From conventional light microscopic point of view, the reserve cells tend to be pronounced in various pathological conditions, such as the persisting inflammation, proliferative disorders and irritation of hormones. The morphological patterns of the reserve cells from various stage and degree of irritation were observed.

Surface Ultrastructure of Human Ectocervix in Certain Pathological Conditions

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 570-571
Author(s):  
S. Mukherjee ◽  
T. Guha ◽  
B. Chakrabarti ◽  
P. Chakrabarti
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Malignant Tumour ◽  
Surface Ultrastructure ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Hexagonal Shape ◽  
Columnar Cells ◽  
Scanning Electron

The cervix is an important organ in reproduction. Its malfunction is frequently a factor for infertility. Ectocervix region does not appear to have received much attention although many studies have been reported on the endocervix. We report here our SEM observations on ectocervix in certain pathological conditions compared to normal ectocervix.Ectocervix specimens from human females with specific pathological disorders were processed for Scanning Electron Microscopy by conventional method and they were examined in a Philips SEM.The normal ectocervix is lined by flat layer of squamous epithelial cells with microridges (Fig. 1). These cells are known to be formed from columnar cells through metaplastic transformation. The cells of carcinoma-bearing ectocervix show a disorganised appearance (Fig. 2). In non-malignant tumour surface some cuboidal and few columnar cells were seen (Fig. 3). A cyst appears like an overgrowth on the surface of the squamous epithelium (Fig. 4). In ulcerated ectocervix a marked reduction of epithelial cells are observed (Fig. 5); the cells are devoid of microridges and, the large polygonal cells, as observed in normal tissues, have somehow acquired comparatively small hexagonal shape

Microvasculature and structure of hemal lymph nodes in the wall of the rabbit bladder: a vascular corrosion casting and EM study

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 1074-1075
Author(s):  
F.E. Hossler ◽  
M.I. McKamey ◽  
F.C. Monson
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Corrosion Casting ◽  
Fixed Tissue ◽  
Infusion Pressure ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Rabbit Bladder ◽  
Lateral Walls ◽  
Comprehensive Study

A comprehensive study of the microvasculature of the normal rabbit bladder, revealed unusual "capillary glomeruli" along the lateral walls. Here they are characterized as hemal lymph nodes using light microscopy, SEM, TEM, ink injection, and vascular casting.Bladders were perfused via a cannula placed in the abdominal aorta with either 2% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.4) for fixation, 10% India ink in 0.9% saline and 0.1M phosphate (pH 7.4) for vessel tracing, or resin (Mercoximethylmethacrylate: catalyst, 4:1:0.3; Ladd Research Industries) for vascular corrosion casting. Infusion pressure was 100mm Hg. Fixed tissue was sectioned from epon-araldyte resin, and stained with toluidine blue for light microscopy, and lead and uranium for TEM. Ink injected tissue was photographed directly from saline-filled bladders illuminated from below. Resin-filled tissue was macerated in 5% KOH and distilled water. Casts were critical point dried, sputter coated with goldpalladium, and examined by routine SEM at 10 KV.

Enzyme histochemical application and backscattered electron imaging to visualize the distribution of lymphatic capillaries

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 880-881
Author(s):  
Seiji Kato
Keyword(s):  
Staining Method ◽  
Double Staining ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Blood Capillaries ◽  
Backscattered Electron Imaging ◽  
Histochemical Observation ◽  
Backscattered Electron ◽  
Double Staining Method ◽  
Electron Imaging ◽  
Cryostat Sections

Previously, the author repeatedly confirmed the higher 5’-nucleotidase (5’-Nase) and lower alkaline phoaphatase (ALPase) activities in the wall of lymphatic capillaries reacted with the lead-based method relative to those of blood capillaries. The ALPase, on the other hand, is markedly higher in blood capillaries than in lymphatics. On the basis of these enzyme characteristics, the author has developed a 5’-Nase— ALPase double staining method to differentiate small lymphatics from blood capillaries at the level of the light microcsopy. Furthermore, we applied it to histochemical observation of the lead-containing reaction products of 5’-Nase in lymphatics on the same or adjacent cryostat sections using backscattered electron imaging (BEI) in scanning electron microscope (SEM). This paper presents a new applicability of 5’-Nase histochemistry by BEI-SEM to demonstrate the distribution of lymphatic capillaries in tissue blocks.

Colonic Perforation after Preoperative Endoscopic Tattooing with India Ink

Swiss Surgery ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 307-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianom ◽  
Hollinger ◽  
Wirth
Keyword(s):  
Colonic Perforation ◽  
Sich Eine ◽  
Fand Sich ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Hemikolektomie Rechts

Die laparoskopische Kolonchirurgie benötigt oft als unterstützende Massnahme eine präoperative Markierung der Läsion, da dem Chirurgen die intraoperative orientierende Palpation fehlt. Die endoskopische Markierung mit Tusche ist aufgrund der Einfachheit und der langanhaltenden Markierung die Methode der Wahl. Nur wenige Komplikationen sind bei dieser Technik beschrieben. In unserem Fall traten im Anschluss an die Markierung einer idiopathischen ulzerösen Kolonveränderung progrediente Bauchschmerzen auf. Bei der Operation fand sich eine retroperitoneale gedeckte Perforation. Die entzündlichen Veränderungen waren derart, dass ein laparoskopisches Vorgehen unmöglich war und eine offene Hemikolektomie rechts notwendig war. Bei Fieber, Abdominalschmerzen und Zeichen der lokalen Peritonitis im Anschluss an eine endoskopische Tuschmarkierung muss an eine unerwünschte Reaktion auf die Tusche gedacht werden.

Non-Linear Dynamics of Cardiovascular Variability Signals

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (01) ◽  
pp. 81-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Cerutti ◽  
S. Guzzetti ◽  
R. Parola ◽  
M.G. Signorini
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Severe Heart Failure ◽  
Parametric Models ◽  
Deterministic Systems ◽  
Finite Dimensional ◽  
Return Maps ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Space State

Abstract:Long-term regulation of beat-to-beat variability involves several different kinds of controls. A linear approach performed by parametric models enhances the short-term regulation of the autonomic nervous system. Some non-linear long-term regulation can be assessed by the chaotic deterministic approach applied to the beat-to-beat variability of the discrete RR-interval series, extracted from the ECG. For chaotic deterministic systems, trajectories of the state vector describe a strange attractor characterized by a fractal of dimension D. Signals are supposed to be generated by a deterministic and finite dimensional but non-linear dynamic system with trajectories in a multi-dimensional space-state. We estimated the fractal dimension through the Grassberger and Procaccia algorithm and Self-Similarity approaches of the 24-h heart-rate variability (HRV) signal in different physiological and pathological conditions such as severe heart failure, or after heart transplantation. State-space representations through Return Maps are also obtained. Differences between physiological and pathological cases have been assessed and generally a decrease in the system complexity is correlated to pathological conditions.

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