scholarly journals THE MULTIPLICATION OF THE VIRUS OF MEXICAN TYPHUS FEVER IN FLEAS

1932 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Mooser ◽  
M. Ruiz Castaneda
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Intestinal Content ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Peritrophic Membrane ◽  
Xenopsylla Cheopis ◽  
Typhus Fever ◽  
Entire Stomach ◽  
Held Back

The virus of Mexican typhus has been shown to multiply abundantly in the following species of fleas: Xenopsylla cheopis, Ceratophyllus fasciatus, Leptopsylla musculi, Ctenocephalus canis, Ctenocephalus felis. In all fleas, Rickettsia prowazeki was demonstrated within the epithelial cells of the stomach and within the cells of the Malpighian tubules. Whereas in infected lice enormous numbers of these organisms are discharged from the disintegrating cells into the intestinal content, only few Rickettsiae are found in the lumen of the fleas' intestines. They are held back by the peritrophic membrane, which covers the mucosa of the entire stomach. Rickettsiae seem to enter the lumen of the gut almost exclusively by the route of the Malpighian tubules. Observations were made which seem to indicate that the fleas recover from the infection and that they are able to regenerate the partly destroyed intestinal mucosa. An explanation is given for the relative harmlessness of fleas as vectors of typhus.

scholarly journals Histology of the LarvalNeodiprion abietis(Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) Digestive Tract

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Lucarotti ◽  
Beatrixe H. Whittome-Waygood ◽  
David B. Levin
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Basal Lamina ◽  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
The Other ◽  
Peritrophic Membrane ◽  
Straight Tube ◽  
Neodiprion Abietis ◽  
Regenerative Cells

The alimentary canal ofNeodiprion abietislarvae is a straight tube divided into foregut, midgut, and hindgut. Posterior to the mouth, the foregut is further divided into the pharynx, esophagus (crop), and proventriculus, all of which are lined with cuticle. A pair of muscular, chitin-lined pouches branch off the anterior foregut and lie lateral to the alimentary canal. Gastric caeca are located at the anterior end of the midgut, where the peritrophic membrane is formed and was observed throughout the midgut. A single layer of midgut columnar epithelial cells abuts on the basal lamina at one end with microvilli extending into the gut lumen at the other. Nidi of regenerative cells were observed between columnar epithelial cells at the basal lamina. Malpighian tubules are attached to the posterior end of the midgut. The hindgut consists of the pylorus, a muscular ileum connecting to a bulbous rectum, which then opens to the anus.

scholarly journals Enterococcus faecium PNC01 isolated from the intestinal mucosa of chicken as an alternative for antibiotics to reduce feed conversion rate in broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang He ◽  
Xuan Liu ◽  
Yuanyang Dong ◽  
Jiaqi Lei ◽  
Koichi Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate

Abstract Background The development and utilization of probiotics had many environmental benefits for replacing antibiotics in animal production. Bacteria in the intestinal mucosa have better adhesion to the host intestinal epithelial cells compared to bacteria in the intestinal contents. In this study, lactic acid bacteria were isolated from the intestinal mucosa of broiler chickens and investigated as the substitution to antibiotic in broiler production. Results In addition to acid resistance, high temperature resistance, antimicrobial sensitivity tests, and intestinal epithelial cell adhesion, Enterococcus faecium PNC01 (E. faecium PNC01) was showed to be non-cytotoxic to epithelial cells. Draft genome sequence of E. faecium PNC01 predicted that it synthesized bacteriocin to perform probiotic functions and bacteriocin activity assay showed it inhibited Salmonella typhimurium from invading intestinal epithelial cells. Diet supplemented with E. faecium PNC01 increased the ileal villus height and crypt depth in broiler chickens, reduced the relative length of the cecum at day 21, and reduced the relative length of jejunum and ileum at day 42. Diet supplemented with E. faecium PNC01 increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus, decreased the relative abundance of Bacteroides in the cecal microbiota. Conclusion E. faecium PNC01 replaced antibiotics to reduce the feed conversion rate. Furthermore, E. faecium PNC01 improved intestinal morphology and altered the composition of microbiota in the cecum to reduce feed conversion rate. Thus, it can be used as an alternative for antibiotics in broiler production to avoid the adverse impact of antibiotics by altering the gut microbiota. Graphic Abstract

Exosomes: Ultrastructural evidence in epithelial cells of Malpighian tubules

Micron ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 34-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Giglio ◽  
Ida Daniela Perrotta ◽  
Pietro Brandmayr
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Ultrastructural Evidence

scholarly journals The transcription factor FoxM1 activates Nurr1 to promote intestinal regeneration after ischemia/reperfusion injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Zu ◽  
Jing Guo ◽  
Tingting Zhou ◽  
Ningwei Che ◽  
Baiying Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Intestinal Regeneration ◽  
Foxm1 Expression ◽  
Intestinal Ischemia Reperfusion

Abstract FoxM1 is involved in the regeneration of several organs after injury and expressed in the intestinal mucosa. The intrinsic mechanism of FoxM1 activity in the mucosa after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury has not been reported. Therefore, we investigated the role of FoxM1 in mediating intestinal mucosa regeneration after I/R injury. Expression of FoxM1 and the proliferation of intestinal mucosa epithelial cells were examined in rats with intestinal I/R injury and an IEC-6 cell hypoxia/reperfusion (H/R) model. The effects of FoxM1 inhibition or activation on intestinal epithelial cell proliferation were measured. FoxM1 expression was consistent with the proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells in the intestinal mucosa after I/R injury. Inhibition of FoxM1 expression led to the downregulation of Ki-67 expression mediated by the inhibited expression of Nurr1, and FoxM1 overexpression promoted IEC-6 cell proliferation after H/R injury through activating Nurr1 expression. Furthermore, FoxM1 directly promoted the transcription of Nurr1 by directly binding the promoter of Nurr1. Further investigation showed low expression levels of FoxM1, Nurr1, and Ki-67 in the intestinal epithelium of patients with intestinal ischemic injury. FoxM1 acts as a critical regulator of intestinal regeneration after I/R injury by directly promoting the transcription of Nurr1. The FoxM1/Nurr1 signaling pathway represents a promising therapeutic target for intestinal I/R injury and related clinical diseases.

Anatomy and histology of the alimentary tract of the female of the biting midge culicoides nubeculosus Meigen (Diptera: Heleidae=Ceratopogonidae)

Parasitology ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 46 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 22-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Megahed
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Peritrophic Membrane ◽  
Biting Midge ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Culicoides Nubeculosus ◽  
Different Sources

The alimentary tract of female Culicoides nubeculosus is simple. There is much similarity between it and that of other nematoceran and brachyceran bloodsucking flies.Among the interesting features observed are the following:1. The mid-gut is composed of two portions, a tubular anterior segment and a dilated stomach, which show structural differences.2. The peritrophic membrane, which is absent in the unfed female, forms around the ingested blood. Its substance is secreted by the epithelium of the stomach.3. A simple rectal valve guards the opening of the small intestine into the rectum.4. The Malpighian tubules are two in number, and they give attachment to muscular branches from different sources.5. There are six accessory glands arranged in a rosette around the mouth of each salivary gland proper. Some of them may sometimes function as reservoirs for the secretion of the salivary glands proper.In one specimen, tumours at the base of the stomach and abnormal features in the Malpighian tubules were observed.

scholarly journals Adhesion Abilities of Lactobacillus Plantarum Strains Isolated from Nigerian Fermented Maize Food - Akamu

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Patience Chisa Obinna-Echem
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Haemolytic Activity ◽  
Cell Models ◽  
Polar Solvents ◽  
Probiotic Potential ◽  
General Order

Two strains of Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from akamu a Nigerian fermented maize food were investigated for probiotic potential based on: adhesion to hydrocarbons (hydrophobicity), porcine mucin and epithelial cell models. Gelatinase and haemolytic activities of the L. plantarum isolates were also studied. Adhesions to mono polar solvents (>22%) were significantly (p≤0.05) higher than the n-alkanes (<13%) with significant maximal affinity (35%) for chloroform an acidic solvent. The general order of affinity was chloroform > ethyl acetate > hexadecane > hexane. NGL7 had significantly (p≤0.05) the highest affinity for all the solvents. Both L. plantarum strains had significant adhesions to porcine mucin (≥6.51 Log10 CFU mL-1) after 2 h at 37oC. Viable counts on Caco-2 cells were 5.13 and 5.53 Log10 CFU mL-1 for NGL7 and NGL5 respectively. The L. plantarum strains possessed significant adhesion abilities: adhesion to hydrocarbons, porcine mucin and Caco-2 cells with no gelatinase and haemolytic activity. This suggested that the L. plantarum strains isolated from the Nigerian fermented maize food -akamu would be able to adhere to the intestinal mucosa and epithelial cells for beneficial health effects without posing any risk. 

The use of biochemical parameters for a qualitative and quantitative assessment of ischemic damage to the small-intestinal mucosa

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 917-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludo Filez ◽  
Willy Stalmans ◽  
Freddy Penninkx ◽  
Raymond Kerremans ◽  
Karel Geboes
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Major Event ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Histological Data ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Good Agreement

Lactate dehydrogenase has been measured in the small-intestinal mucosa in order to assess its value as a marker for the effects of ischemia and of reperfusion. The decrease in specific activity of the enzyme illustrates the deleterious effect of reperfusion on the quality of the remaining epithelial cells. However, this parameter fails to detect the loss of epithelial cells, which is the major event during ischemia as well as during reperfusion. In contrast, the expression of enzyme activity per g protein of the underlying intestinal muscle allowed us, in addition, to assess quantitatively the loss of epithelial cells, in good agreement with the histological data.

P2Y6 Receptor Contributes to Neutrophil Recruitment to Inflamed Intestinal Mucosa by Increasing Cxc Chemokine Ligand 8 Expression in an AP-1-dependent Manner in Epithelial Cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1456-1469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djordje M. Grbic ◽  
Émilie Degagné ◽  
Jean-François Larrivée ◽  
Maude S. Bilodeau ◽  
Valérie Vinette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Neutrophil Recruitment ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cxc Chemokine ◽  
Chemokine Ligand ◽  
P2y6 Receptor
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