scholarly journals CULTIVATION OF VACCINE VIRUS

1930 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Li ◽  
T. M. Rivers
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
Culture Virus

1. A strain of neurovaccine virus was cultivated in a medium consisting of minced chick embryo suspended in Tyrode's solution. 2. The virus upon cultivation apparently lost none of its essential characteristics. 3. The culture virus can be preserved and stored for long periods of time. Furthermore, the preserved virus can be used to initiate fresh cultures.

scholarly journals CULTIVATION OF VACCINE VIRUS FOR JENNERIAN PROPHYLAXIS IN MAN

1931 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Rivers ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
Culture Virus

1. A dermal strain of vaccine virus has been adapted to a simple culture medium consisting of minced chick embryo suspended in Tyrode's solution. 2. The bacteria-free culture virus, thus obtained, produces in lower animals and in man typical vaccinia that renders them refractory to infection with ordinary vaccine virus harvested from calves.

scholarly journals AMOUNT AND DURATION OF IMMUNITY INDUCED BY INTRADERMAL INOCULATION OF CULTURED VACCINE VIRUS

1939 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 857-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Rivers ◽  
S. M. Ward ◽  
R. D. Baird
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Embryo Tissue

Continued cultivation of vaccine virus in a medium consisting of minced chick embryo tissue and Tyrode's solution has resulted in a virus qualitatively changed to such an extent that considerable amounts of it can be injected intradermally into human beings without danger or inconvenience. Individuals who are vaccinated intradermally with the cultured virus should be revaccinated dermally six months to a year later with a potent calf lymph virus in order to obtain a satisfactory immunity to smallpox without being subjected to the dangers and inconvenience associated with primary vaccinations with calf lymph virus.

scholarly journals FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE CULTIVATION OF VACCINE VIRUS FOR JENNERIAN PROPHYLAXIS IN MAN

1933 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 635-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Rivers ◽  
S. M. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Positive Reaction ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Original Strain ◽  
Refractory State ◽  
Culture Virus

A dermal strain of vaccine virus has been passed through 99 successive culture passages. This procedure led to a diminution in the pathogenicity of the active agent for the rabbit. By repeated testicular passages in rabbits, however, the virus regained its pathogenicity for that host. New cultures were initiated with the revived virus. A culture strain of virus that has been twice revived in this manner has remained fairly stable for the rabbit through 60 culture passages and it produces mild, yet effective vaccinal reactions in man. Virus in early cultures was not attenuated for man, but later cultures of the original strain and cultures of the 2nd and 3rd revived strains produced mild reactions without fever and discomfort to the patients. Intradermal vaccinations with the culture virus are safe and satisfactory. With the culture virus 118 infants and children have been inoculated and in 100 of them a positive reaction occurred. The culture virus produced a refractory state to a standard dermal strain of calf lymph and vice versa. Culture virus stored in 50 per cent neutral glycerol at –10°C. or at +3°C. maintained a considerable amount of its activity for at least 1 year. Desiccated culture virus sealed in tubes maintained some of its activity when stored at 37°C. for 5 weeks. Fresh cultures can be initiated without difficulty from desiccated virus or from virus that has been stored with or without glycerol.

scholarly journals JENNERIAN PROPHYLAXIS BY MEANS OF INTRADERMAL INJECTIONS OF CULTURE VACCINE VIRUS

1935 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Rivers ◽  
S. M. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Saline Solution ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Intradermal Vaccination ◽  
Immune Reactions ◽  
Gum Acacia ◽  
Culture Virus

The second revived strain of culture vaccine virus has been propagated through 130 culture passages during a period of 3 years. It seems to be adapted to in vitro cultivation and still has an intradermal titer (rabbits) of 1 to 100,000 or 1 to 1,000,000. Intradermal inoculations in human beings of 0.1 cc. amounts of culture virus diluted from 2.5 to 10 times result in primary takes in unvaccinated people and immune reactions or accelerated takes in individuals previously successfully vaccinated. Primary takes produce an immunity to standard strains of calf lymph. Culture virus mixed with purified gum acacia (2.5 per cent), frozen, desiccated, and sealed in vacuo retains its activity for a month at 37°C., and when the dried virus is resuspended in saline solution it is suitable for intradermal vaccination of human beings.

scholarly journals FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE CULTIVATION OF VACCINE VIRUS IN LIFELESS MEDIA

1933 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 741-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Rivers ◽  
S. M. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Tissue Extracts ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Embryo Tissue

We have made ten attempts to cultivate vaccine virus in tissue extracts prepared according to the method described by Eagles and Kordi (4). Renal, testicular, and chick embryo extracts were employed with a dermal strain of vaccine virus and with the Levaditi strain of neuro-vaccine virus. In no instance were we able to show that the virus multiplied in the extract media. Both of these strains of virus, however, multiplied in media containing bits of minced viable tissue. Furthermore, treatment of rabbit testicular tissue and chick embryo tissue in the manner described by Eagles and Kordi for the preparation of the extracts leaves some cells not only alive but capable of proliferation. Although the results of our work are not in accord with those obtained by Eagles and Kordi, we offer no explanation for the discrepancy. Nevertheless, one cannot examine the results of our work recorded in the six tables without recognizing the fact that in the types of media used the presence of viable cells appears to be essential for the multiplication of vaccine virus. Rabbit testicular tissue and bits of chick embryos support the regeneration of the active agent more efficiently than does rabbit renal tissue.

scholarly journals FURTHER STUDIES OF THE INFECTIOUS UNIT OF VACCINIA

1941 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Parker ◽  
L. H. Bronson ◽  
R. H. Green
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Binomial Theorem ◽  
Actual Distribution ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Normal Character ◽  
Infectious Unit

A study has been made of the comparative virulence of several strains of vaccine virus for a number of hosts, and wide variation in animal susceptibility has been demonstrated. The results obtained in experiments with a chick-embryo-adapted strain are interpreted as indicating that the particles of virus are of essentially uniform virulence. Results of statistical analyses are presented which indicate that as the virulence of a strain of virus increases the number of elementary bodies per infectious unit approaches 1, and at that limit the chance of infection is governed primarily by the presence or absence of virus in the inoculum. With lower virulence the chance of a lesion following inoculation of virus is still described by the binomial theorem, but the actual distribution is primarily of susceptible cells not of viral particles. It is postulated that with regard to the proportion of cells available for parasitism, differences exist between different animals of a species, and that this distribution is of a normal character.

Evidence for interferon production and its correlation with YF 17DD vaccine virus yields in primary chick embryo cells

2008 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Elena Caride ◽  
Maria Beatriz Junqueira Borges ◽  
Rugimar Marcovistz ◽  
Ricardo Galler ◽  
Marcos da Silva Freire
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
Interferon Production ◽  
Embryo Cells

Attempts to Cultivate Vaccine Virus in the Growing Chick Embryo.

1929 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 556-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. P. Gay ◽  
R. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Vaccine Virus

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE COMMON COLD

1936 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Dochez ◽  
K. C. Mills ◽  
Yale Kneeland
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Gum Acacia ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Destructive Action ◽  
Embryo Tissue ◽  
The Common ◽  
Culture Virus

1. Studies of the cultivation of the virus of common cold in tissue medium, and the capacity of the culture virus to induce infection in human volunteers are reported. 2. Detailed descriptions are given of the methods employed to isolate the virus, preserve and cultivate it, and to test its activity in human volunteers. 3. The virus of common cold can easily be isolated from properly selected patients and cultivated in tissue medium. 4. When kept in the original nasopharyngeal washings, the virus will survive at ice box temperature under anaerobic conditions for at least 13 days. 5. If the nasopharyngeal washings are frozen and dried in vacuo, the virus retains its activity for at least 4 months. 6. The virus of common cold has been proven to multiply in medium containing chick embryo tissue. Such cultures retain their capacity to produce typical infections in human beings for many transfers involving a period of several months. Attempts to cultivate the virus have been successful in seven out of eight instances. 7. Prolonged cultivation of the virus in tissue medium eventually leads to a loss of activity. 8. Strains of virus under cultivation maintain their potency best when transfers are made at 2 and 3 day intervals. 9. After removal from the incubator a culture of virus rapidly becomes inactive whether it be kept under seal in the ice box or frozen and dried in vacuo. 10. The destructive action of the medium can be prevented if the culture is mixed with gum acacia before freezing and drying in vacuo.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document