scholarly journals THE RELATIVE REACTION WITHIN LIVING MAMMALIAN TISSUES

1927 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peyton Rous ◽  
D. R. Drury ◽  
W. W. Beattie
Keyword(s):  
Weak Solution ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Tissue Fluid ◽  
Similar Magnitude ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Mammalian Tissues ◽  
Tissue Acidosis ◽  
State Of Affairs

The changes in blood reaction caused by the injection into a vein of a weak solution of hydrochloric acid are accompanied by extravascular changes of similar magnitude within the subcutaneous tissue. Under the conditions of prolonged general anesthesia with ether or urethane the circulation to this tissue is so interfered with that an "outlying acidosis" may develop in addition to the acidosis immediately consequent on the blood state. Even under the best of circumstances the extravascular acidosis induced with hydrochloric acid affects not merely the tissue fluid but the reaction of the tissue itself. Rabbits in which a widespread extravascular acidosis has been produced, together with a blood acidosis as severe as is compatible with life, remain in good condition during the relatively long period over which this state of affairs persists. There is at no time any sign of capillary dilatation, though the vessels are bathed in relatively add fluid, and none of shock. No edema develops in the acidotic tissues, and the animals void large amounts of urine. The tissue acidosis lessens pari passu with that of the blood.

scholarly journals THE RELATIVE REACTION WITHIN LIVING MAMMALIAN TISSUES

1927 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Drury ◽  
W. W. Beattie ◽  
Peyton Rous
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Normal Amount ◽  
Large Excess ◽  
Slight Degree ◽  
Mammalian Tissues ◽  
Tissue Acidosis

Breathing an atmosphere that contains the normal amount of oxygen but a large excess of carbon dioxide results in a tissue acidosis as well as one of the blood. The extravascular changes in reaction take place with far greater speed than when acidosis is induced with hydrochloric acid, and they do not persist as in the case of this latter but swiftly disappear when the animal breathes ordinary air once again. The changes parallel closely in magnitude and time those occurring in the blood. The same matrix tissues are rendered acidotic is when hydrochloric acid is administered. The blood alkalosis that results from a blowing off of carbon dioxide is accompanied by an extravascular alkalosis. Under the circumstances of our experiments the connective tissue became more alkaline than ordinary but no change was noted in the cartilage, a fact to be explained by the slight degree of the alkalosis and its brief duration.

Chubby Infant – Should One Worry? An Infant with Primary lymphedema – Mini Review and Case Report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Magdalena Kaczmarek ◽  
Karolina Anna Graczykowska ◽  
Iwona Szymkuć-Bukowska ◽  
Ewa Łoś-Rycharska ◽  
Aneta Krogulska
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Tissue Fluid ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Primary Lymphedema ◽  
Progressive Accumulation ◽  
Secondary Causes ◽  
Localized Form

AbstractLymphedema is a localized form of tissue swelling, characterized by a progressive accumulation of a tissue fluid in the interstitial compartment as a result of the lymphatic system dysfunction. It is a rare disease in the pediatric population and in the majority of cases it is a consequence of an abnormal formation of the lymphatic system, which is called primary lymphedema. Although its epidemiology is not precise, it is assumed that 1:100 000 children suffer from primary lymphedema. The diagnosis can be made by a proper clinical examination after ruling out secondary causes of lymphedema, particularly in cases with a more asymmetric swelling of the extremities. In this very article we present a case report of an 8-months-old infant with primary lymphedema, who had presented swelling of the extremities from birth and yet no pathology was suspected before. The purpose of this article is to draw attention to the fact that a baby with excessive subcutaneous tissue is not always a healthy, chubby infant with considerable amount of fat tissue.

Effect of skin concavity on subcutaneous tissue fluid pressure

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (2) ◽  
pp. H349-H353 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Adair ◽  
G. A. Vance ◽  
J. P. Montani ◽  
A. C. Guyton
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Entire Range ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Tissue Fluid ◽  
Average Depth ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Mechanical Factors ◽  
Fascial Plane

We tested the hypothesis that mechanical factors associated, with a skin concavity can cause the local tissue fluid pressure to become more negative. Perforated Teflon collars, 26 mm in diameter and having various heights (5, 10, 13, and 16 mm), were implanted into the fascial plane of the inguinal and abdominal areas of six sheep. After several weeks, visible signs of edema were no longer apparent, and the skin formed a concavity within the center of each collar. The depth of each concavity was measured using an electronic micrometer, and the tissue fluid pressure beneath the concavity was measured using a needle method. Over the entire range of collar heights, the average depth of the concavities ranged from 1.1 to 4.7 mm in the abdominal tissues and from 1.8 to 5.5 mm in the inguinal tissues. The respective values of tissue fluid pressure averaged -4.6 to -13.0 and -5.7 to -12.8 mmHg. The results therefore indicate that implanting deeper collars leads to the formation of deeper concavities in the skin and also to greater negativity in the free tissue fluid pressure beneath the skin. Linear regression extrapolation to a collar height of 0 mm corresponded to a tissue fluid pressure of -1.0 mmHg in the abdominal tissue and -2.4 mmHg in the inguinal tissues. A model based on excessive pumping of the lymphatic system in the vicinity of a concavity is provided to explain this newly described phenomenon. We conclude that mechanical factors associated with the formation of a skin concavity cause or permit the tissue fluid pressure to reach levels of negativity far greater than those that exist in the absence of a concavity.

scholarly journals Computer-Assisted Language Learning and the Revolution in Computational Linguistics

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pius Ten Hacken
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Computational Linguistics ◽  
General Problem ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Computer Assisted Language Learning ◽  
Historical Survey ◽  
Language Understanding ◽  
Long Period ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The Revolution

For a long period, Computational Linguistics (CL) and Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) have developed almost entirely independently of each other. A brief historical survey shows that the main reason for this state of affairs was the long preoccupation in CL with the general problem of Natural Language Understanding (NLU). As a consequence, much effort was directed to fields such as Machine Translation (MT), which were perceived as incorporating and testing NLU. CALL does not fit this model very well so that it was hardly considered worth pursuing in CL. In the 1990s the realization that products could not live up to expectations, even in the domain of MT, led to a crisis. After this crisis the dominant approach to CL has become much more problem-oriented. From this perspective, many of the earlier differences disadvantaging CALL with respect to MT have now disappeared. Therefore the revolution in CL offers promising perspectives for CALL.

Două tehnici, un singur iconar: Savu Moga

Transilvania ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
Alexandra Balan
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Restoration Process ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Single Piece ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Church ◽  
Artistic Talent ◽  
The Way

This article brings to attention the work of Savu Moga, a famous icon painter who lived and worked in the 19th century in Transylvania. His artistic talent was native and his greatest skills were revealed by his icons painted on glass, but he also painted icons on wood, a less known fact. Brâncoveanu Monastery from Sâmbăta de Sus, Brașov county, owns 10 icons painted on wood, which are in the process of restoration and research. The technique of painting on wood brings to Moga certain difficulties, which he tried to solve. Although the supports and techniques are different and the order of the stages is reversed, the style of work is very much alike. The colours, the way he writes, the vegetal and architectural elements and the faces of the characters are the same. Also the pigments and the binder used are the same for both types of painting. Regarding the conservation and restoration aspects, the icons that have been properly preserved are generally in good condition, which means he achieved his purpose. Those icons that were used in the church for a long period of time are much more degraded. Every single piece is carefully investigated and treated as a patient. After completing the restoration process of these icons we will have an overview on Savu Moga’s work on wood, compared to his work on glass. Untill then, we are sure of the value of his entire artwork.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL OBSTRUCTION OF THE JEJUNUM

1925 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 707-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell L. Haden ◽  
Thomas G. Orr
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solutions ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Cent Sodium

Chemical changes are reported occurring in the blood of animals with obstruction of the jejunum, in which distilled water or sodium chloride solutions were introduced directly into the lumen of the intestine below the point of obstruction. Distilled water given daily from the beginning of the obstruction, had no influence on the development or course of the toxemia. 1 and 2 per cent salt solutions prevented a toxemia in uncomplicated cases. One animal so treated lived 30 days. Distilled water, given after the onset of toxemia, did not alter the progress or outcome of the toxemia. 10 per cent sodium chloride solution, administered after the onset of toxemia, controlled it in most cases for a long period. Hydrochloric acid had no effect on the course of the toxemia.

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