scholarly journals THE RELATION OF THE HYPOPHYSIS TO ANTIBODY PRODUCTION

1922 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliott C. Cutler
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Antibody Production ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Operative Technique ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Gland Extract ◽  
Indirect Part

An operative technique was evolved permitting successful partial hypophysectomy in guinea pigs. Such animals, when immunized to Bacillus typhosus, produced specific agglutinins in the same quantity and at the same rate as unoperated and operation controls immunized at the same time and by the same method. In guinea pigs previously immunized to Bacillus typhosus and hen red blood corpuscles partial hypophysectomy had no effect on the continued production and persistence of typhoid agglutinins, hemagglutinins, and hemolysins. In guinea pigs immunized to Bacillus typhosus both the continued ingestion and the intraperitoneal injection of the whole pituitary gland extract (Burroughs Wellcome) had no effect on the subsepuent agglutinin titers as compared to that of normal animals. The experiments would appear to show either that the hypophysis does not play an important direct or indirect part in the production of and persistence in the blood of typhoid agglutinins, hemagglutinins, and hemolysins, or that the amount of hypophysis left behind in the operation in order to maintain life is adequate also to exercise the degree of functional influence on these processes which the entire hypophysis conceivably exercises.

A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE EXOPHTHALMOS INHIBITING EFFECTS OF SODIUM-D- AND SODIUM-L-THYROXINE IN GUINEA PIGS

1962 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Tengroth ◽  
Uno Zackrisson
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Optical Isomers ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Inhibiting Effect ◽  
Caloric Effect

ABSTRACT The general change in the connective tissues which occurs in animals with experimentally produced exophthalmos, consists in an increase in the amount of hyaluronic acid, which binds the water in the connective tissue. Many regard this process as a stimulation of the mucinous system in the connective tissues, and consider this an explanation of the phenomenon of exophthalmos. When the experimental animals are injected with thyroxine or thyroid extract, the reaction observed is opposite to that seen following the injection of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. In the former case, there is a reduction in the amount of hyaluronic acid and consequently a decrease in the water content in the connective tissues. In the experiments in question, Na-d-thyroxine and Na-l-thyroxine), in crystalline form, were tested for their inhibiting effect on the development of exophthalmos in experimental animals. The animals used were male albino guinea-pigs. An extract of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (TSH Organon)) was used to produce exophthalmos. In previous work (Tengroth 1961), it was shown, using an X-ray measuring technique, that d-thyroxine, despite its poor caloric effect, like l-thyroxine had an exophthalmos-inhibiting effect. When comparing the dose-response curves of the exophthalmos-inhibiting properties of both these optical isomers, it appears that d-thyroxine has an inhibiting effect which is significantly greater than that of l-thyroxine. The significance of this observation is discussed.

scholarly journals Comparative study on African catfish (Burchell, 1822) hypophysation using ovaprim and chicken pituitary gland extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
O. A. Babalola ◽  
◽  
F. A. Fakunmoju ◽  
T. F. Sunnuvu ◽  
B. E. Faleti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Gland Extract ◽  
Significant Difference

Comparative study on African catfish hypophysation indices using ovaprim and chicken pituitary gland extract (CPGE) was carried out. Sixteen (16) African catfish brood stocks between 1100 and 2300 g in ratio 2:1 and four (4) numbers of layer birds (Gallus gallus domesticus) between 1200 and 2200 g in ratio 1:3 were used respectively. The experiment was batched into “A” and “B”. Batch ‘A’ was placed on ovaprim while batch ‘B’ was placed on CPGE. An indoor hatchery vat, measuring 0.6096 m x 1.8288 m x 0.3048 m each was used for the incubation. Digital measuring kits were used to monitor water quality parameters and measurement of the brood stocks weights independently. Brood stocks on ovaprim and CPGE treatments had the following mean hypophysation indices in these order: fecundity (11100±7690 and 17760±13863), latency period (9.53±0.54 and 9.77±0.49), fertilization percentage (94.03±5.90% and 90.6±10.11%), hatchability percentage (75.6±0.81% and79.35±10.27%), number of eggs produced (5889±657.37 and 9403.33±589.80), total number of larvae hatched (4717.33±1111.0 and 7111.33±506.64), SGR (0.67±0.31 and 1.1±0.31), and survival rate (64.81±0.71 and66.24±2.19) respectively. There was no significant difference (p = 0.05) in the mean values of fecundity, latency period, fertilization and hatchability percentages in both treatments but there was significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) in number of eggs produced and total number of larvae hatched in both treatments. The water quality parameters were within the range for induced breeding techniques and there was no significant difference (p= 0.05) in both experiments. Both ovaprim and CPGE had excellent results from the induced breeding of Clarias gariepinus and yielded good results. Therefore, CPGE could be recommended from the view point of excellent results and its availability from chicken slaughter houses as against ovaprim which are imported.

STUDIES ON RESPONSES OF INTERMEDIATE HOSTS TO INFECTION WITH TAENIA CRASSICEPS (ZEDER, 1800) (CESTODA)

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reino S. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Peritoneal Fluid ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Taenia Crassiceps ◽  
Blood Eosinophilia ◽  
Female Mice

Male and female mice developed a leucocytosis in peritoneal fluid and blood after intraperitoneal injection with cysticerci of Taenia crassiceps. Free mast cells declined intraperitoneally from normal range of 650 to 1500 cells per cu. mm to less than 100 per cu. mm; eosinophils increased from less than 100 per cu. mm to 95,000 per cu. mm, with a logarithmic rise during the first 1 to 2 weeks in mice overcoming the cysticerci. Cells of the monocyte–lymphocyte series also increased intraperitoneally, but heterophils remained scarce. Leucocytosis and eosinophilia were most pronounced in mice just overcoming cysticerci, less when cysticerci were alive, and least when cysticerci were overcome. Males generally developed higher eosinophilia faster than females and overcame cysticerci more successfully. Females which were fed eggs developed peripheral eosinopenia during the first 2 weeks, then changed to an eosinophilia without concomitant leucocytosis. Those mice which develop high eosinophilia quickly overcome injected cysticerci most successfully. Female mice with intraperitoneal cysticerci showed strong resistance against challenge feedings of eggs 28 days later, but were less resistant after only 14 days. Mate and female guinea pigs, which are refractory to intraperitoneally injected cysticerci, developed a blood eosinophilia, and eosinophilia and leucocytosis in the peritoneal fluid. No free mast cells were seen.

scholarly journals Spatial requirements between haptenic and carrier determinants for T-dependent antibody responses.

1978 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 817-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Fong ◽  
D E Nitecki ◽  
R M Cook ◽  
J W Goodman
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Antibody Production ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
T And B Cells ◽  
Axial Translation ◽  
Bifunctional Compounds

To gauge the proximity between cooperating T and B cells required for effective triggering of antibody production, guinea pigs were immunized with bifunctional antigens in which the haptenic and carrier determinants were separated by rigid spacers of varied dimension. These took the form 2,4-dinitrophenol-(proline)n-L-tyrosine-p-azobenzenearsonate, where n varied from 1 to 40 proline residues. Animals immunized with n = 10 and n = 22 compounds made strong anti-DNP antibody responses, whereas animals immunized with bifunctional compounds containing longer spacers did not make antibody detectable by precipitation. It can be calculated on the basis of very strong physicochemical evidence for the rigidity and axial translation of poly-L-proline chains in solution that the cut-off point for effective interaction between T and B cells lies between 69 and 97 A U.

Comparative Effects of ACTH and LSD on Urinary Corticosteriods in Guinea Pigs

1957 ◽  
Vol 189 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eli Nadel ◽  
Shlomo Burstein ◽  
Hudson Hoagland
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Inbred Strain ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Lysergic Acid ◽  
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide ◽  
Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone

Effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), administered alone and in combination, on the urinary excretion of three corticosteroids, 6ß hydroxycortisol, 2α hydroxycortisol and cortisol, were compared in four series (11 g.p./series) using inbred strain 2 guinea pigs to see whether some of the effects of LSD were mediated by way of pituitary gland stimulation. ACTH (10 mg) significantly increased the urinary excretion values of the three corticosteroids. There was no increase in corticosteroids following administration of LSD (50 mg). LSD given in combination with ACTH at the above doses did not alter the values observed after ACTH alone.

scholarly journals THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ANAPHYLAXIS IN PNEUMOCOCCUS IMMUNITY

1925 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
George M. Mackenzie ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Measurable Effect ◽  
Active Immunity ◽  
Immunity Mechanism ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Derivatives Of

1. Intraperitoneal injections of killed and living broth cultures of a virulent pneumococcus produce in guinea pigs a high degree of active immunity and a serum with strong protective power. 2. Despite the protective power of such serum no agglutinins for the homologous organism and no precipitins for soluble derivatives were demonstrable. 3. Guinea pig immunity to pneumococcus infection produced by the method described is not attended by cutaneous allergy to derivatives of the pneumococcus used for immunization. 4. During the course of an artificially produced active immunity, anaphylaxis may at times be present and at times absent without any measurable effect upon the resistance of the animal to infection by intraperitoneal injection. 5. In the particular instance studied, the experiments indicate that anaphylaxis to pneumococcus protein has no important effect upon the resistance of the animal to infection. It appears to be a concomitant without any significant rôle in the immunity mechanism.

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