scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF CARBOHYDRATES ON THE CULTIVATION OF SPIROCHETES

1917 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seinai Akatsu
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Spore Form ◽  
The Media ◽  
Favorable Influence ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Frequent Presence ◽  
Fluid Culture

Various carbohydrates have been added to the fluid cultures of different strains of spirochetes in order to determine the behavior of the latter toward the carbohydrates. In the present experiment, amygdalin, arabinose, beerwort, dextrin, galactose, glycogen, glucose, inulin, lactose, levulose, maltose, mannite, raffinose, saccharose, and starch were tested with seven strains of Treponema pallidum and one strain each of Treponema calligyrum, Treponema microdentium, Treponema mucosum, and Spirochata refringens. The results may be summarized as follows: 1. In the media containing glycogen and glucose, Treponema microdentium did not grow as vigorously as in other sugar media, and an earlier degeneration set in. One strain of the pallidum and the calligyrum and mucosum showed a poor growth in the glycogen medium. Similarly, there was little growth in the second transfer of these spirochetes in the glucose medium. The growth of the spirochetes in the media containing carbohydrates other than those Just mentioned was generally good, and no difference could be distinguished between these and the control cultures without any carbohydrate. The only phenomenon which might be interpreted as indicating a favorable influence of these media upon growth was the abundant growth of the mucosum, which showed uniform length, regular curves, and active motility somewhat better than in the sugar-free medium. 2. The height of acidity was found in the cultures containing glycogen and glucose in the microdentium, amounting to 0.1 N 4.8 cc. for 10 cc. of the fluid culture. In the other sugar media the acidity varied between 0.1 N 2 cc. and 0.1 N 3.2 cc. for the same amount. In the control cultures, the acidity fluctuated from 0.1 N 0.8 cc. to 0.1 N 2 cc. There was no visible alteration in the appearance of the media after the spirochetes had grown for 3 or 4 weeks. In the case of Treponema microdenlium, a slight opalescence developed in the glycogen and glucose media after several weeks' standing, but there was no precipitation or coagulation of the proteins of the culture media. 3. There was no unusual morphological change in the spirochetes grown in the media containing any of the carbohydrates employed. The only phenomena which should be mentioned are (a) the frequent presence of the terminal appendages (or projections) in the refringens, and in most of the pallidum strains, and (b) the appearance of minute, retractile spherical bodies along the side of the spirochetes in the microdenlium cultivated in the glucose or glycogen media. Judging from the earlier degeneration of the species in the above mentioned media, these peculiar bodies may be interpreted as indicating a phase of plasmoptysis associated with the unfavorable surroundings prior to degeneration. Experimental evidence was not found for considering these spherules as a resistant or spore form of the spirochete.

Effect of temperature on the behaviour of Geotrichum candidum and Fusarium oxysporum in culture media based on some domestic wastes

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
M. I. Godwin‐Egein
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Geotrichum Candidum ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Food Wastes ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Media ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Cassava Peel ◽  
Better Than

The effect of temperature on the gap observed between Fusarium oxysporum and Geotrichum candidum was investigated when the organisms were grown on media based on some domestic food wastes. The organisms were isolated from soil. The wastes were chipped, dried in the sun and in the oven (at 110oC) and comminuted to powder form. The powder in each case was included in the medium at the rate of 20%. The organisms were plated diametrically in 9cm Petri dishes and incubated at 15°, 20°, 25°, 30° and 40°C for 15 days. Growth towards the centre was measured. On the 15th day the gap between the organisms was measured. G. candidum grew better on all the media, except on cassava peel, where F. oxysporum grew better than G. candidum at all temperatures; the gap was widest on cocoyam peel and was smallest on cassava peel. The gap was affected by temperature and medium.

scholarly journals Factors influencing the growth of normal and malignant cells in fluid culture media

1934 ◽  
Vol 115 (793) ◽  
pp. 278-297 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Mouse Serum ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Fluid Media ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Sarcoma Cells ◽  
Fluid Culture

In a former communication (Ludford, 1933,) attention has been directed to differences in the growth of mouse tumours in plasma and serum. With the aim of elucidating tire significance of these differences, further series of experiments have been carried out, which have brought to light new facts necessitating the revision of in my former conclusions, as well as those of previous investigators who have worked with fluid media, At the same time further insight has been gained into the complexity of the factors which influence the growth of tumours in serum. It has been found that different strains of transplantable tumours exhibit individual differences when grown in serum, and even tumours of the same strain show marked differences from time to time. Also, both. the type of growth and its extent are influenced by the source from which the serum is derived, that is, whether it is homologous or heterologous. In describing these experiments it will be necessary therefore to deal with different strains of tumours separately. Concerning this strain of tumour I am unable to add anything to the account published in my former paper (Ludford, 1933). Neither in mouse serum, nor in rat serum has it been possible yet to obtain good outgrowths of the sarcoma cells. Pure serum and diluted serum; serum, with and without, embryo extract; serum from young and old rats, male and female, both pregnant and non-pregnant; also different types of cover slips have all been tried without influencing the type of growth.

PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA BIG BOOK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PECAHAN SENILAI SISWA SD

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Disyacitta Neolia Firdana ◽  
Trimurtini Trimurtini
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fourth Grade ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Equivalent Fractions ◽  
Fourth Grade Students ◽  
Teacher Needs ◽  
The Media ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Better Than

This research aimed to determine the properness and effectiveness of the big book media on learning equivalent fractions of fourth grade students. The method of research is Research and Development  (R&D). This study was conducted in fourth grade of SDN Karanganyar 02 Kota Semarang. Data sources from media validation, material validation, learning outcomes, and teacher and students responses on developed media. Pre-experimental research design with one group pretest-posttest design. Big book developed consist of equivalent fractions material, students learning activities sheets with rectangle and circle shape pictures, and questions about equivalent fractions. Big book was developed based on students and teacher needs. This big book fulfill the media validity of 3,75 with very good criteria and scored 3 by material experts with good criteria. In large-scale trial, the result of students posttest have learning outcomes completness 82,14%. The result of N-gain calculation with result 0,55 indicates the criterion “medium”. The t-test result 9,6320 > 2,0484 which means the average of posttest outcomes is better than the average of pretest outcomes. Based on that data, this study has produced big book media which proper and effective as a media of learning equivalent fractions of fourth grade elementary school.

scholarly journals The Roles of Porous Coral Sands in Initial Enrichment of Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 525-532
Author(s):  
Qing Guo ◽  
Zao-he Wu ◽  
Ming-liang Qian ◽  
Binhe Gu
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
N:P Ratio ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Potassium Dihydrogen ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Calcium Source ◽  
The Media

The purpose of this study was to investigate the roles of coral sands in the enrichment and isolation of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). We hypothesized that the porous coral sands provided additional surface area and nutrients for the growth of periphytic AOB. In the present study, an orthogonal test was designed to compare the AOB conversion rates of ammonium-nitrogen (NH4+N) to nitrite-nitrogen (NO2--N) among various combinations of culture media. Results showed that the conversion of NH4+N to NO2--N increased significantly when the coral sands were added, implying that coral sands were beneficial to the growth of AOB. Additions of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) to the media became unnecessary when coral sands were used, but the addition of KH2PO4was needed when the molar nitrogen to phosphorus (N:P) ratio reached 10 in the enrichment media using calcium carbonate (CaCO3) powder as a calcium source.

The Effects of Reduced Salinity on the Shell Growth of Small Mytilus Edulis

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia C. Almada-Villela
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Shell Growth ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Term Response ◽  
Better Than

The shell growth of small coastal Mytilus edulis L. was measured at three different constant low salinities over short periods of time. Growth was significantly depressed in 6·4 and 16‰ S but not in 22·4‰ S. Fluctuating salinities between 0 and 32‰ S depressed growth whether the fluctuations were of sinusoidal or abrupt form. After 1 week of preconditioning to constant 32‰ S the growth of coastal (Bangor) mussels was better than estuarine (Conwy) mussels. However, after two weeks’ preconditioning to 32‰ S the estuarine mussels displayed the best growth. In the fluctuating regime, both coastal and estuarine mussels exhibited poor growth rates. The long-term response of the shell growth of coastal M. edulis was followed over a period of 44 days. Salinities in the range 1·8–9·6‰ S were lethal to the mussels within 10 days. In 12·8 and 16‰ S growth was initially delayed but recovered eventually. There was a gradual decline in the growth rate of the mussels exposed to the higher salinities (19·2–32‰) and an improvement in the growth of the mussels living in lower salinities (12·8 and 16‰) to levels nearly matching that of the high salinity animals by day 37. This suggests that acclimation of the shell growth of M. edulis to salinities in the 12·8–28·8‰ S range was achieved by the mussels during the experimental period.

Biochemical markers for pregnancy in the spent culture medium of in vitro produced bovine embryos

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela de Oliveira Fernandes ◽  
Marcella Pecora Milazzotto ◽  
Andrei Antonioni Guedes Fidelis ◽  
Taynan Stonoga Kawamoto ◽  
Ligiane de Oliveira Leme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
The Media

Abstract The present study aimed to identify biomarkers to assess the quality of in vitro produced (IVP) bovine embryos in the culture media. IVP embryos on Day (D) 5 of development were transferred to individual drops, where they were maintained for the last 48 h of culture. Thereafter, the medium was collected and the embryos were transferred to the recipients. After pregnancy diagnosis, the media were grouped into the pregnant and nonpregnant groups. The metabolic profiles of the media were analyzed via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and the concentrations of pyruvate, lactate, and glutamate were assessed using fluorimetry. The spectrometric profile revealed that the media from embryos from the pregnant group presented a higher signal intensity compared to that of the nonpregnant group; the ions 156.13 Da [M + H]+, 444.33 Da [M + H]+, and 305.97 Da [M + H]+ were identified as biomarkers. Spent culture medium from expanded blastocysts (Bx) that established pregnancy had a greater concentration of pyruvate (p = 0.0174) and lesser concentration of lactate (p = 0.042) than spent culture medium from Bx that did not establish pregnancy. Moreover, pyruvate in the culture media of Bx can predict pregnancy with 90.9% sensitivity and 75% specificity. In conclusion, we identified markers in the culture media that helped in assessing the most viable IVP embryos with a greater potential to establish pregnancy.

scholarly journals The Role of Sequestrene 138 in Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) Micropropagation

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1487-1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doina Clapa ◽  
Claudiu Bunea ◽  
Orsolya Borsai ◽  
Adela Pintea ◽  
Monica Hârța ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Media ◽  
Dark Green

The current research was carried out to investigate the effects of iron source in the culture media for Vaccinium corymbosum L. ʻBluerayʼ, ʻDukeʼ, and ʻPatriotʼ cultivars grown on five different types of medium (Woody Plant Medium supplemented with 1.0 mg·L−1 zeatin and 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg·L−1 Sequestrene 138). After 10 weeks of culture, seven physiological parameters were measured, such as the number and length of axillary shoots, rooting and acclimatization percentage, as well as chlorophyll (a, b, a/b) and carotenoid content of the leaves. Adding Sequestrene 138 to the culture media led to a slight decrease of the proliferation rate but increased the length of the shoots. The chlorophyll and carotenoid content in all of the three cultivars was considerably increased as the iron concentration of the media increased. The shoots developed on the Sequestrene 138–free medium were chlorotic and short, whereas at different concentrations of iron in the culture medium the shoots were dark green and vigorous, providing a greater acclimatization success than those grown in iron-free medium.

Croissance et fructification de Ceratocystis spp. avec attention particulière à C. piceae et C. fimbriata, en fonction du substrat

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-363
Author(s):  
A. Thuillier ◽  
P. Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Malt Agar ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Ceratocystis Fimbriata ◽  
Good Production ◽  
Wood Extracts ◽  
Standard Culture ◽  
Better Than

Ceratocystis coerulescens, C. fimbriata, C. ips, and C. minor were tested for production of sexual fruiting bodies, and C. penicillata and C. piceae for asexual fruiting bodies. Ceratocystis fimbriata produced perithecia easily on standard culture media, but there were marked differences between the two strains tested (503, 560). Strain 503 had a good production of fruiting bodies on malt agar (M) and a basal nutrient solution (N). Strain 560 fared better than 503 on Leonian agar (L), but did not fructify on M and N. Supplementing media with various wood extracts produced better results. M + maple sapwood extracts and L + poplar sapwood extracts gave the best results with strain 503, and L + pine sapwood extracts was the best with strain 560.Production of coremia was also influenced by the basal medium and the kind of extracts added as supplements. Fir and maple extracts stimulated the production of fruiting bodies, whereas pine and poplar extracts had no or very little stimulating effects. In every other species tested, the production of fruiting bodies was none or very irregular. [Journal translation]

Brown pigmentation of Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli associated with homogentisic acid

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Goodwin ◽  
C. R. Sopher
Keyword(s):  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Homogentisic Acid ◽  
Brown Pigment ◽  
Pigment Formation ◽  
Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
The Media ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

The diffusible brown pigment produced by some strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli was found to be due to the secretion and subsequent oxidation of homogentisic acid (2, 5-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid) rather than tyrosinase activity as previously reported. Homogentisic acid is an intermediate in tyrosine catabolism for a number of bacteria. Brown-pigmented strains appeared to be disrupted in tyrosine catabolism and could not use tyrosine as a nutrient. Nonpigmented strains, however, could utilize tyrosine as a nutrient, and although they secreted homogentisic acid, the levels were approximately 1/100th that of brown-pigmented strains. Production of brown pigment was stimulated by tyrosine and repressed by glucose. Growth in glucose resulted in a drop in the pH of the media, and the greatest pigment formation was associated with a shift to alkaline conditions in the culture media. By buffering the media near pH 7.0, brown pigment formation was repressed, even though unoxidized homogentisic acid accumulated in the culture media. The disruption of tyrosine catabolism corresponds to other reports describing differences between brown-pigmented and nonpigmented strains, and provides further support for the retention of a special taxonomic status for the brown-pigmented strains.Key words: homogentisic acid, pigments, Xanthomonas, fuscans.

scholarly journals Role of divalent cations, pH, cytoskeleton componentes and surface charge on the adhesion of Trichomonas vaginalis to a polystyrene substrate

1987 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Costa e Silva Filho ◽  
Cezar Antonio Elias ◽  
Wanderley de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Surface Charge ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Cytochalasin B ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Polystyrene Beads ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Adhesion Index

The process of adhesion of three different strains of Trichomonas vaginalis to a polystyrene substrate was analysed. The process of adhesion was dependent on the time of incubation and the pH of the phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) in which the parasites were suspended. The highest indices of adhesion were observed after an incubation time of 60 min at pH 6.6. The adhesion index increased when the parasites were incubated in the presence of culture media or when Ca++ or Mg++ was added to the PBS solution, whereas cytochalasin B, trypsin or neuraminidase reduced adhesion. Incubation of the parasites in the presence of poly-L-lysine facilitated the process of adhesion. Incubation of the parasites or polystyrene beads in the presence of poly-L-lysine led to important changes in their surface charge.

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