scholarly journals Gatekeepers of the fetus: Characterization of placental macrophages

2020 ◽  
Vol 218 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Megli ◽  
Carolyn B. Coyne
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Hofbauer Cells ◽  
Placental Macrophages ◽  
Maternal Fetal Interface

In this issue of JEM, Thomas et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20200891) provide elegant technological and conceptual advances that further our understanding of the immune cells enriched at the maternal–fetal interface. Using new isolation strategies to better separate maternal- and fetal-derived cells, the authors identify previously undefined maternal-derived immune cells associated with the fetal-derived placenta and provide an in-depth analysis of the markers and characteristics of placental Hofbauer cells.

scholarly journals Innate Immune Cells and Toll-like Receptor–Dependent Responses at the Maternal–Fetal Interface

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 3654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Olmos-Ortiz ◽  
Pilar Flores-Espinosa ◽  
Ismael Mancilla-Herrera ◽  
Rodrigo Vega-Sánchez ◽  
Lorenza Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Decidual Cells ◽  
Hofbauer Cells ◽  
Peptide Expression ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide Expression ◽  
Maternal Fetal Interface

During pregnancy, the placenta, the mother and the fetus exploit several mechanisms in order to avoid fetal rejection and to maintain an immunotolerant environment throughout nine months. During this time, immune cells from the fetal and maternal compartments interact to provide an adequate defense in case of an infection and to promote a tolerogenic milieu for the fetus to develop peacefully. Trophoblasts and decidual cells, together with resident natural killer cells, dendritic cells, Hofbauer cells and other macrophages, among other cell types, contribute to the modulation of the uterine environment to sustain a successful pregnancy. In this review, the authors outlined some of the various roles that the innate immune system plays at the maternal–fetal interface. First, the cell populations that are recruited into gestational tissues and their immune mechanisms were examined. In the second part, the Toll–like receptor (TLR)–dependent immune responses at the maternal–fetal interface was summarized, in terms of their specific cytokine/chemokine/antimicrobial peptide expression profiles throughout pregnancy.

Characterization of the immunomodulatory effect in vitro of microvesicles isolated from mesenchymal stromal cells on immune cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. S64
Author(s):  
Antonella Conforti ◽  
Marco Scarsella ◽  
Ezio Giorda ◽  
Simone Biagini ◽  
Nadia Starc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effect

scholarly journals The Ontogeny and Function of Placental Macrophages

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake R. Thomas ◽  
Praveena Naidu ◽  
Anna Appios ◽  
Naomi McGovern
Keyword(s):  
Human Placenta ◽  
Outer Layer ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Fetal Health ◽  
Hofbauer Cells ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Placental Macrophages ◽  
And Function ◽  
Insight Into

The placenta is a fetal-derived organ whose function is crucial for both maternal and fetal health. The human placenta contains a population of fetal macrophages termed Hofbauer cells. These macrophages play diverse roles, aiding in placental development, function and defence. The outer layer of the human placenta is formed by syncytiotrophoblast cells, that fuse to form the syncytium. Adhered to the syncytium at sites of damage, on the maternal side of the placenta, is a population of macrophages termed placenta associated maternal macrophages (PAMM1a). Here we discuss recent developments that have led to renewed insight into our understanding of the ontogeny, phenotype and function of placental macrophages. Finally, we discuss how the application of new technologies within placental research are helping us to further understand these cells.

scholarly journals Characterization of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Associated Inflammation: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Laliberté ◽  
Nicole Ng ◽  
Denise Eymael ◽  
Kevin Higgins ◽  
Aiman Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Tissue Analysis ◽  
Fluorescent Immunohistochemistry ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a devastating disease that is usually associated with a dense associated inflammatory infiltrate. Characterizing tumor-associated inflammation is critical to understand the pathogenies of tumor development and progression.Methods: We have tested a protocol to analyze tissue and salivary immune cells and mediators of 37 patients with OSCC at different stages and compared to eight chronic periodontitis patients and 24 healthy controls. Tissue analysis was based on fluorescent immunohistochemistry (FIHC) and inflammatory mediators were analyzed using a Luminex-based 30-Plex panel. Immune cells were analyzed using multichannel flow cytometry including CD45, CD66b, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD25, CD56, CD68, CD138, PD-1, and PD-L1.Results: We show an increase in OSCC-associated inflammation characterized by increased pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-8, TNFα, and GMCSF and increased salivary immune cells.Conclusion: We described a new method to analyze salivary inflammatory markers that can be used in future studies to monitor disease progression and prognosis.

scholarly journals Immune cell-specific Cre reporter mouse labels a subset of CNS neurons

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélie Bouteau ◽  
Botond Z. Igyártó
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Langerhans Cells ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Neuronal Marker ◽  
Reporter Mouse ◽  
Cns Neurons ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Antigen Presenting

AbstractHuLangerin-Cre-YFPf/f mice were generated to specifically mark a subset of antigen presenting immune cells, called Langerhans cells (LCs). During histological characterization of these mice, we found that, in addition to LCs an uncharacterized cell population in the central nervous system (CNS) also expressed YFP. In this study, we found that the CNS YFP+ cells were negative for microglia and astrocyte markers, but they expressed mature neuronal marker NeuN and showed neuronal localization/morphology. Thus, these mice might be used to study the ontogeny, migration and the role of a subset of CNS neurons.

scholarly journals Optimized protocols for isolation, fixation, and flow cytometric characterization of leukocytes in ischemic hearts

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (3) ◽  
pp. H658-H666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Covarrubias ◽  
Mohamed Ameen Ismahil ◽  
Gregg Rokosh ◽  
Tariq Hamid ◽  
Federica Accornero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Cell Separation ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Coronary Perfusion ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Mediators Of Inflammation ◽  
Cell Fixation

Immune activation post-myocardial infarction is an orchestrated sequence of cellular responses to effect tissue repair and healing. However, excessive and dysregulated inflammation can result in left ventricular remodeling and pathological alterations in the structural and mechanical attributes of the heart. Identification of key pathways and critical cellular mediators of inflammation is thus essential to design immunomodulatory therapies for myocardial infarction and ischemic heart failure. Despite this, the experimental approaches to isolate mononuclear cells from the heart are diverse, and detailed protocols to enable maximum yield of live cells in the shortest time possible are not readily available. Here, we describe optimized protocols for the isolation, fixation, and flow cytometric characterization of cardiac CD45+ leukocytes. These protocols circumvent time-consuming coronary perfusion and density-mediated cell-separation steps, resulting in high cellular yields from cardiac digests devoid of contaminating intravascular cells. Moreover, in contrast to methanol and acetone, we show that cell fixation using 1% paraformaldehyde is most optimal as it does not affect antibody binding or cellular morphology, thereby providing a considerable advantage to study activation/infiltration-associated changes in cellular granularity and size. These are highly versatile methods that can easily be streamlined for studies requiring simultaneous isolation of immune cells from different tissues or deployment in studies containing a large cohort of samples with time-sensitive constraints. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this article, we describe optimized protocols for the isolation, fixation, and flow cytometric analysis of immune cells from the ischemic/nonischemic hearts. These protocols are optimized to process several samples/tissues, simultaneously enabling maximal yield of immune cells in the shortest time possible. We show that the low-speed centrifugation can be used as an effective alternative to lengthy coronary perfusion to remove intravascular cells, and sieving through 40-μm filter can replace density-mediated mononuclear cell separation which usually results in 50–70% cell loss in the sedimented pellets. We also show that cell fixation using 1% paraformaldehyde is better than the organic solvents such as methanol and acetone for flow cytometric analysis.

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