scholarly journals Small cell lung cancers made from scratch

2019 ◽  
Vol 216 (3) ◽  
pp. 476-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adi F. Gazdar ◽  
John D. Minna
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Normal Human

In this issue of JEM, Chen et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20181155) describe a new approach for the transformation of human pluripotent embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into neuroendocrine (NE) tumors of the lung closely resembling human small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Another recent study uses a different method to transform fully differentiated normal human cells into high-grade NE tumors (Park et al. 2018. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aat5749). These approaches and their models provide important new resources for developing diagnostic, preventative, and therapeutic approaches for high-grade NE tumors.

scholarly journals A Novel Strategy for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary High-Grade Neuroendocrine Tumor

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1945
Author(s):  
Kentaro Miura ◽  
Kimihiro Shimizu ◽  
Shogo Ide ◽  
Shuji Mishima ◽  
Shunichiro Matsuoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumor ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Microtubule Depolymerization ◽  
Lung Cancers

Correctly diagnosing a histologic type of lung cancer is important for selecting the appropriate treatment because the aggressiveness, chemotherapy regimen, surgical approach, and prognosis vary significantly among histologic types. Pulmonary NETs, which are characterized by neuroendocrine morphologies, represent approximately 20% of all lung cancers. In particular, high-grade neuroendocrine tumors (small cell lung cancer and large cell neuroendocrine tumor) are highly proliferative cancers that have a poorer prognosis than other non-small cell lung cancers. The combination of hematoxylin and eosin staining, Ki-67, and immunostaining of classic neuroendocrine markers, such as chromogranin A, CD56, and synaptophysin, are normally used to diagnose high-grade neuroendocrine tumors; however, they are frequently heterogeneous. This article reviews the diagnostic methods of lung cancer diagnosis focused on immunostaining. In particular, we describe the usefulness of immunostaining by Stathmin-1, which is a cytosolic phosphoprotein and a key regulator of cell division due to its microtubule depolymerization in a phosphorylation-dependent manner, for the diagnosis of high-grade neuroendocrine tumors.

scholarly journals Generation of pulmonary neuro-endocrine cells and tumors resembling small cell lung cancers from human embryonic stem cells

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanhuan Joyce Chen ◽  
Asaf Poran ◽  
Arun M. Unni ◽  
Sarah Xuelian Huang ◽  
Olivier Elemento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Neuroendocrine Cells ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Lung Cancers

SUMMARYBy blocking an important signaling pathway (called NOTCH) and interfering with expression of two tumor suppressor genes in cells derived from human embryonic stem cells, the authors have developed a model for studying highly lethal small cell lung cancers.ABSTRACTCell culture models based on directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) may reveal why certain constellations of genetic changes drive carcinogenesis in specialized human cell lineages. Here we demonstrate that up to 10 percent of lung progenitor cells derived from hESCs can be induced to form pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs), the putative normal precursors to small cell lung cancers (SCLCs), by inhibition of NOTCH signaling. By using small inhibitory RNAs in these cultures to reduce levels of retinoblastoma (RB) protein, the product of a gene commonly mutated in SCLCs, we can significantly expand the number of PNECs. Similarly reducing levels of TP53 protein, the product of another tumor suppressor gene commonly mutated in SCLCs, or expressing mutantKRASorEGFRgenes, did not induce or expand PNECs, consistent with lineage-specific sensitivity to loss ofRBfunction. Tumors resembling early stage SCLC grew in immunodeficient mice after subcutaneous injection of PNEC-containing cultures in which expression of bothRBandTP53was blocked. Single-cell RNA profiles of PNECs are heterogeneous; when RB levels are reduced, the profiles show similarities to RNA profiles from early stage SCLC; when both RB and TP53 levels are reduced, the transcriptome is enriched with cell cycle-specific RNAs. Taken together, these findings suggest that genetic manipulation of hESC-derived pulmonary cells will enable studies of the initiation, progression, and treatment of this recalcitrant cancer.

Current and future therapeutic approaches in locally advanced (stage III) non[ndash ]small cell lung cancer

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (3 Suppl 12) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Davies ◽  
David R. Gandara ◽  
Primo Lara ◽  
Zelanna Goldberg ◽  
Peter Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Small Cell Lung

LIFE SPAN PREDICTION AT METASTATIC NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 522-527
Author(s):  
Aleksey Shutko ◽  
Viktor Mus
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Hemopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Individual Life

Individual parameters of circulating hemopoietic stem cells (HSC) lymphoid origin were measured by cytofluorometry before treatment of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer and were retrospectively compared with individual life span's (LS). The possibility of poor prognosis of treatment's results (LS

Exhaustive Review on Lung Cancers: Novel Technologies

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 873-883
Author(s):  
Sajad Khan ◽  
Shahid Ali ◽  
Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Immune Therapy ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Microscopic Appearance ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Novel Technologies

Background:Lung cancers or (Bronchogenic-Carcinomas) are the disease in certain parts of the lungs in which irresistible multiplication of abnormal cells leads to the inception of a tumor. Lung cancers consisting of two substantial forms based on the microscopic appearance of tumor cells are: Non-Small-Cell-Lung-Cancer (NSCLC) (80 to 85%) and Small-Cell-Lung-Cancer (SCLC) (15 to 20%).Discussion:Lung cancers are existing luxuriantly across the globe and the most prominent cause of death in advanced countries (USA & UK). There are many causes of lung cancers in which the utmost imperative aspect is the cigarette smoking. During the early stage, there is no perspicuous sign/symptoms but later many symptoms emerge in the infected individual such as insomnia, headache, pain, loss of appetite, fatigue, coughing etc. Lung cancers can be diagnosed in many ways, such as history, physical examination, chest X-rays and biopsy. However, after the diagnosis and confirmation of lung carcinoma, various treatment approaches are existing for curing of cancer in different stages such as surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and immune therapy. Currently, novel techniques merged that revealed advancements in detection and curing of lung cancer in which mainly includes: microarray analysis, gene expression profiling.Conclusion:Consequently, the purpose of the current analysis is to specify and epitomize the novel literature pertaining to the development of cancerous cells in different parts of the lung, various preeminent approaches of prevention, efficient diagnostic procedure, and treatments along with novel technologies for inhibition of cancerous cell growth in advance stages.

scholarly journals Possible involvement of the Hedgehog and PDPK1–Akt pathways in the growth and migration of small-cell lung cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 030006052110165
Author(s):  
Naiwang Tang ◽  
Bin Hu ◽  
Yin Zhang ◽  
Zhiwei Chen ◽  
Ronghuan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Proliferation And Migration

Background Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for approximately 15% to 20% of all lung cancers, and it is the leading cause of tumor-related deaths globally. This study explored the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of SCLC. Methods The correlations of phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDPK1), p-Akt, and Hedgehog expression with patient characteristics were analyzed using SCLC specimens, and their expression was measured in BEAS-2B cells (control) and the SCLC cell lines H82, H69, H446, H146, and H526. Transfection experiments were performed to inhibit or activate gene expression in cells. We then measured the proliferation and migration of H146 cells. Results PDPK1, p-Akt, and Hedgehog expression was significantly higher in SCLC tissues, and their expression was correlated with patient characteristics. p-Akt expression was significantly correlated with Hedgehog expression. In H146 cells, PDPK1 and p-Akt were significantly upregulated. Silencing of PDPK1 or Akt and inhibition of Hedgehog significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of H146 cells. PDPK1 and Akt affected Hedgehog expression, but Hedgehog did not affect PDPK1 or p-Akt expression. Conclusions The interaction between the PDPK1–Akt pathway and the Hedgehog pathway influences the prognosis, growth, and migration of SCLC.

scholarly journals Identification of a potent kinase inhibitor targeting EML4-ALK fusion protein in non-small cell lung cancer

MedChemComm ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1914-1918
Author(s):  
Lian-Xiang Luo ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Yu-Zhen Niu ◽  
Yu-Wei Wang ◽  
Qian-Qian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Fusion Protein ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Alk Inhibitor

Herein, we reported 5067-0952, a potent ALK inhibitor with pharmacological efficacy in non-small cell lung cancers harboring the ALK fusion oncogene.

Current and future therapeutic approaches in locally advanced (stage III) non-small cell lung cancer

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Davies ◽  
David R. Gandara ◽  
Primo Lara ◽  
Zelanna Goldberg ◽  
Peter Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Small Cell Lung

scholarly journals Vistusertib (dual m-TORC1/2 inhibitor) in combination with paclitaxel in patients with high-grade serous ovarian and squamous non-small-cell lung cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1918-1925 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Basu ◽  
M.G. Krebs ◽  
R. Sundar ◽  
R.H. Wilson ◽  
J. Spicer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Small Cell Lung
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