scholarly journals SOAPS AS FERMENT-INHIBITING AGENTS

1914 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Jobling ◽  
William Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cod Liver Oil ◽  
Degree Of Unsaturation ◽  
Croton Oil

1. Sodium soaps prepared from olive oil, croton oil, cod-liver oil, linseed oil, etc., have the property of inhibiting the action of trypsin and leucoprotease. 2. The activity of these soaps is dependent upon the degree of unsaturation of the fatty acids and is in proportion to their iodin value. 3. Saturation of the acids with a halogen (iodin) causes a loss of this property. 4. Soaps of the saturated fatty acids tested do not have this influence on ferments.

EFFECT OF GINGER, LEMURU FISH OIL SAPONIFICATION AND OLIVE OIL ON COMPOSITION FATTY ACID OF BEEF

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Siwitri Kadarsih
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6

The objective was to get beef that contain unsaturated fatty acids (especially omega 3 and 6), so as to improve intelligence, physical health for those who consume. The study design using CRD with 3 treatments, each treatment used 4 Bali cattle aged approximately 1.5 years. Observations were made 8 weeks. Pasta mixed with ginger provided konsentrat. P1 (control); P2 (6% saponification lemuru fish oil, olive oil 1%; rice bran: 37.30%; corn: 62.70%; KLK: 7%, ginger paste: 100 g); P3 (lemuru fish oil saponification 8%, 2% olive oil; rice bran; 37.30; corn: 62.70%; KLK: 7%, ginger paste: 200 g). Konsentrat given in the morning as much as 1% of the weight of the cattle based on dry matter, while the grass given a minimum of 10% of the weight of livestock observation variables include: fatty acid composition of meat. Data the analyzies qualitative. The results of the study showed that the composition of saturated fatty acids in meat decreased and an increase in unsaturated fatty acids, namely linoleic acid (omega 6) and linolenic acid (omega 3), and deikosapenta deikosaheksa acid.Keywords : 

Foliar Absorption and Phytotoxicity of Quizalofop with Lipid Compounds

Weed Science ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 558-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A. Manthey ◽  
Edward F. Szelezniak ◽  
Zbigniew M. Anyszka ◽  
John D. Nalewaja
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Foliar Absorption ◽  
Enhanced Absorption ◽  
Oil Derivatives ◽  
Lipid Compounds ◽  
Oil Sunflower

Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of triglycerides, free fatty acids (FFA), and fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) on the foliar absorption, translocation, and phytotoxicity of quizalofop. Absorption, translocation, and phytotoxicity of quizalofop in oats were greater when quizalofop was applied with FFA or FAME than with their respective triglycerides. Triglycerides and FFA generally enhanced quizalofop absorption and translocation more when they contained unsaturated than saturated fatty acids. Methylation of the fatty acids reduced differences among fatty acids, but methyl stearate and methyl linolenate enhanced absorption of quizalofop less than the other FAME for oats and yellow foxtail. Quizalofop absorption and phytotoxicity to oats were greater when applied with sunflower oil, sunflower oil FFA, and sunflower oil FAME than with the corresponding linseed oil derivatives. Emulsifier generally reduced differences between linseed oil and sunflower oil derivatives in their enhancement of absorption, translocation, and phytotoxicity of quizalofop.

scholarly journals Oils’ Impact on Comprehensive Fatty Acid Analysis and Their Metabolites in Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1232
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Stawarska ◽  
Małgorzata Jelińska ◽  
Julia Czaja ◽  
Ewelina Pacześniak ◽  
Barbara Bobrowska-Korczak
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Serum Fatty Acid

Fatty acids, especially polyunsaturated, and their metabolites (eicosanoids) play many pivotal roles in human body, influencing various physiological and pathological processes. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation with edible oils diverse in terms of fatty acid composition on fatty acid contents, activities of converting their enzymes, and on lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic and linoleic acids (eicosanoids) in rat serum. Female Sprague-Dawley rats divided into seven groups were used in the study. Animals from six groups were fed one of oils daily (carotino oil, made up by combining of red palm oil and canola oil, linseed oil, olive oil, rice oil, sesame oil, or sunflower oil). One group received a standard diet only. Fatty acids were determined using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Eicosanoids—hydroxyeicosatetraenoic (HETE) and hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids (HODE) were extracted using a solid-phase extraction method and analyzed with HPLC. Vegetable oils given daily to rats caused significant changes in serum fatty acid profile and eicosanoid concentrations. Significant differences were also found in desaturases’ activity, with the linseed and olive oil supplemented groups characterized by the highest D6D and D5D activity. These findings may play a significant role in various pathological states.

scholarly journals Nutritional quality, safety and sensory properties of smoked tench (Tinca tinca) pâté from Trasimeno Lake, Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaella Branciari ◽  
Rossana Roila ◽  
Andrea Valiani ◽  
David Ranucci ◽  
Roberta Ortenzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Tinca Tinca ◽  
Tench Tinca Tinca

The present study evaluated the safety, nutritional and sensory properties of fish pâtés made from smoked tench (Tinca tinca) pulp. Two formulations of tench pâté were produced, one of which included olive oil and the other contained mascarpone cheese. The prepared pâté jars were thermally treated according to the method applied in the canning industry. The inactivation of Clostridium botulinum during thermal treatment was determined through a challenge test study, demonstrating the complete depletion of targeted bacteria. Tench pâtés showed high nutritional properties, especially the formulation with olive oil, which was characterised by lower contents of cholesterol and saturated fatty acids and a high level of monounsaturated fatty acids. The two experimental formulations possessed a specific sensory profile, due to the ingredients incorporated into the products. Consumers’ evaluation established differences in the acceptance of the two products: the formulation with added olive oil was more appreciated by consumers, who displayed a higher purchase intent for this product. The study suggests that minced smoked tench is not only a promising ingredient for pâté production but that it also represents a value-added product able to contribute to freshwater food consumption.

THE EFFECT OF RAPESEED OIL ON REPRODUCTION AND ON THE COMPOSITION OF RAT MILK FAT

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce L. Beare ◽  
E. R. W. Gregory ◽  
D. Morison Smith ◽  
J. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet

Rats fed corn oil or a mixture of lard and olive oil produced as many offspring as those receiving no fat supplement with a low-fat commercial meal, but the weanling weight was lower. Although rats fed rapeseed oil continued to reproduce they had fewer and smaller offspring than rats fed other diets.The composition of fatty acids in the milk varied with the dietary fat of the mother. Animals receiving the low-fat diet secreted predominantly saturated fatty acids. A high proportion of linoleic acid appeared in the milk when corn oil was fed, and of oleic acid when the mixture of lard and olive oil was fed. Eicosenoic and erucic acids were present in the milk of rats receiving rapeseed oil, but were less prevalent than in the original oil.

scholarly journals Replacement of dietary saturated fat with monounsaturated fat: effect on atherogenesis in cholesterol-fed rabbits clamped at the same plasma cholesterol level

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars B. Nielsen ◽  
Per Leth-Espensen ◽  
Børge G. Nordestgaard ◽  
Eline Forged ◽  
Knud Kjeldsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Monounsaturated Fat ◽  
Aortic Cholesterol

The aim was to compare the effect on atherogenesis of dietary monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids in cholesterol-clamped rabbits. To obtain an average plasma cholesterol concentration of 20 mmol/l in each rabbit during the 13-week cholesterol-feeding period, dietary cholesterol was adjusted weekly. The amount of fat fed daily was 10 g per rabbit in Expts A (n 23), C (n 36), and D (n 58) and 5 g per rabbit in Expt B (n 24). The source of monounsaturated fatty acids was olive oil in all four experiments. The source of saturated fatty acids was butter in Expt A, lard in Expt B, coconut oil in Expt C, and butter or lard in Expt D. Generally, olive oil-fed groups received more cholesterol and tended to have more cholesterol in VLDL and less in LDL compared with groups receiving saturated fat. Analysis of variance of the combined results of all four experiments showed that, in comparison with saturated fat, olive oil lowered aortic cholesterol by 13 (−9–30, 95% confidence interval) % in the aortic arch, and by 10 (−10–26) % in the thoracic aorta, which was not significant. In the comparison with olive oil, no differences in effects on aortic cholesterol content were detected between butter, lard and coconut oil. These findings do not support the view that replacement of dietary saturated fat with olive oil has a major impact on the development of atherosclerosis in addition to that accounted for by changes in plasma cholesterol levels.

scholarly journals Jurnal_TEDC Vol. 11 No. 1, Januari 2017

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lusi Marlina
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Fruit Oil

IDENTIFIKASI KADAR ASAM LEMAK BEBAS PADA BERBAGAI JENISMINYAK GORENG NABATILusi Marlina1, Imam Ramdan21,2 Teknik Kimia – Politeknik TEDC BandungEmail : [email protected] minyak goreng untuk mengolah makanan sangat banyak dipergunakan oleh masyarakat.Minyak goreng berasal dari bahan baku seperti: kelapa, kelapa sawit, jagung, kedelai, buah zaitun, dan lainlain. Kandungan utama dari minyak goreng secara umum adalah asam lemak yang terdiri dari asam lemakjenuh (saturated fatty acids) misalnya: asam plamitat, asam stearat, dan asam lemak tak jenuh (unsaturatedfatty acids) misalnya: asam oleat (Omega 9) dan asam linoleat (Omega 6). Asam lemak bebas merupakanasam lemak yang tidak terikat sebagai trigliserida yang dapat terbentuk karena adanya reaksi hidrolisis didalam minyak. Asam lemak yang berlebihan di dalam tubuh dapat memicu terjadinya kanker karena bersifatkarsinogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kadar asam lemak bebas pada minyak gorengnabati, dengan menggunakan metode titrasi asam basa. Titrasi asam basa yaitu suatu analisis kuantitatifuntuk menetapkan kadar senyawa-senyawa yang bersifat asam, dengan menggunakan larutan basa sebagaistandar. Analisis fisika meliputi warna, aroma dan massa jenis, sedangkan analisa kimia berdasarkan kadarasam lemak bebas. Hasil dari penelitian diperoleh : kadar asam lemak bebas dari berbagai sampel minyaknabati yang terdiri dari: minyak jagung sebesar 0,22%, minyak sawit sebesar 0,16%, VCO sebesar 0,25%dan minyak zaitun sebesar 0,21%, sedangkan untuk massa jenis minyak yaitu: minyak jagung sebesar1,01gr/ml, minyak sawit sebesar 1,04gr/ml, VCO sebesar 0,97gr/ml, dan minyak zaitun sebesar 0,90gr/ml.Secara umum dapat disimpulkan bahwa minyak goreng nabati yang diteliti tidak melebihi standar SNI 3741-1995 yang ditetapkan sebesar 0,30%.Kata kunci: minyak goreng nabati, asam lemak bebas, hidrolisis, titrasi asam basa.AbstractThe use of cooking oil to proceed food is very common in daily cooking. Vegetable Cooking oil is made ofsubstance like: coconut, pal oil, corn, soybean, sunflower seeds, and others. The prominent content ofcooking oil commonly is fatty acid which consists of saturated fatty acids, as: plamitat acid, stearat acid; andunsaturated fatty acids as: oleat acid (Omega 9) and linoleat acid (Omega 6). Free fatty acid is untied fattyacid as triglyceride that can be formed as a result of hydrolysis reaction in cooking oil. The abundant fattyacid in body can cause cancer because it is carcinogenic. The purpose of the research is to identify free fattyacid levels in vegetable cooking oil, by using alkalimeter method. Alkalimeter is a quantitative analysis todetermine level of acid compounds, using standard alkali solution. Physical analysis includes, smell andweight, meanwhile chemical analysis based on free fatty acid levels. The result of the research is: free fattyacid levels of various vegetable cooking oil samples those are: corn oil about 0,22%, palm fruit oil about0,16%, VCO about 0,25%, and olive oil about 00,21%, whereas for the weights, those are: corn oil about0,01gr/ml, palm fruit oil about 0,04gr/ml, VCO about 0,97gr/ml, and olive oil about 0,90gr/ml. It can generallybe concluded that examined vegetable cooking oil still meet the standard of SNI 3741-1995 that is 0,30%.Keyword: vegetable cooking oil, saturated fatty acid, hydrolysis, alkalimeter.

PROMOTION OF MYOPATHY BY POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS OF COD LIVER OIL

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 1873-1880 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Jenkins ◽  
L. M. Ewan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Cod Liver Oil ◽  
Muscle Degeneration ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Vitamin E Deficiency ◽  
Sulphur Amino Acids

Experiments were conducted to determine the components of cod liver oil responsible for the promotion of nutritional muscular dystrophy in the chick. Supplementation of the dystrophogenic basal diet with 4% of cod liver oil markedly inhibited the protectiveness of selenium and the sulphur amino acids against development of the disorder. Results obtained from feeding various fractions of the oil demonstrated that none of the myopathy-promoting effect was related to the unsaponifiable or saturated fatty acids but was associated chiefly with the eicosapentaenoic (20:5) and docosahexaenoic (22:6) fatty acids. The significance of the results in the development of muscle degeneration is discussed in relation to known effects of dietary lipids and vitamin E deficiency on the composition and stability of cell membrane phospholipids.

scholarly journals An Attempt to Enrich Pig Meat with Omega-3 Fatty Acids Using Linseed Oil Ethyl Ester Diet Supplement

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 365
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Czyż ◽  
Ewa Sokoła-Wysoczańska ◽  
Anna Wyrostek ◽  
Paulina Cholewińska
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acids Profile ◽  
Diet Supplement

This study aims to evaluate an effect of pig diet supplementation with ethyl esters derived from linseed oil with a high content of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) on the fatty acids profile of meat. The study was conducted on Polish Landrace fatteners supplemented for a period of 7 weeks (control and experimental groups of 8 animals each, 16 in total). After this period, loin (Longissimus dorsi) and ham (Biceps femoris) samples were collected for laboratory analysis, including basic composition (fat, protein, ash, dry matter) and fatty acids (FAs) profile. The supplementation caused a significant increase in the level of ALA acid, decrease in the content of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), increase in unsaturated FAs level, and resulting decrease in the ratio of n-6/n-3. The indices of atherogenicity and thrombogenicity were beneficially altered in the experimental groups. It can thus be supposed that meat enriched this way may be considered as an interesting choice for consumers who are aware of the importance of diet consumed.

scholarly journals Cocktail biosynthesis of triacylglycerol by rational modulation of diacylglycerol acyltransferases in industrial oleaginous Aurantiochytrium

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanzeng Lan ◽  
Sen Wang ◽  
Huidan Zhang ◽  
Zhuojun Wang ◽  
Weijian Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Degree Of Unsaturation ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
Oleaginous Microorganism ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Functional Distribution

Abstract Background Triacylglycerol (TAG) is an important storage lipid in organisms, depending on the degree of unsaturation of fatty acid molecules attached to glycerol; it is usually used as the feedstock for nutrition or biodiesel. However, the mechanism of assembly of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) into TAGs remains unclear for industrial oleaginous microorganism. Results Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) is a key enzyme for TAG synthesis. Hence, ex vivo (in yeast), and in vivo functions of four DGAT2s (DGAT2A, DGAT2B, DGAT2C, and DGAT2D) in industrial oleaginous thraustochytrid Aurantiochytrium sp. SD116 were analyzed. Results revealed that DGAT2C was mainly responsible for connecting PUFA to the sn-3 position of TAG molecules. However, DGAT2A and DGAT2D target SFA and/or MUFA. Conclusions There are two specific TAG assembly routes in Aurantiochytrium. The “saturated fatty acid (SFA) TAG lane” primarily produces SFA-TAGs mainly mediated by DGAT2D whose function is complemented by DGAT2A. And, the “polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) TAG lane” primarily produces PUFA-TAGs via DGAT2C. In this study, we demonstrated the functional distribution pattern of four DGAT2s in oleaginous thraustochytrid Aurantiochytrium, and provided a promising target to rationally design TAG molecular with the desired characteristics.

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