scholarly journals Identification of a heparin-binding hemagglutinin present in mycobacteria.

1996 ◽  
Vol 184 (3) ◽  
pp. 993-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
F D Menozzi ◽  
J H Rouse ◽  
M Alavi ◽  
M Laude-Sharp ◽  
J Muller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Heparin Binding ◽  
Significant Similarity ◽  
Heparin Binding Protein ◽  
Cell Extracts ◽  
Protein Sequence Data ◽  
The One ◽  
Culture Supernatants

Adherence to mammalian host tissues is an important virulence trait in microbial pathogenesis, yet little is known about the adherence mechanisms of mycobacteria. Here, we show that binding of mycobacteria to epithelial cells but not to macrophages can be specifically inhibited by sulfated carbohydrates. Using heparin-Sepharose chromatography, a 28-kD heparin-binding protein was purified from culture supernatants and cell extracts of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This protein, designated heparin-binding hemagglutinin (HBHA), promotes the agglutination of rabbit erythrocytes, which is specifically inhibited by sulfated carbohydrates. HBHA also induce mycobacterial aggregation, suggesting that it can mediate bacteria-bacteria interactions as well. Hemagglutination, mycobacterial aggregation, as well as attachment to epithelial cells are specifically inhibited in the presence of anti-HBHA antibodies. Immunoelectron microscopy using anti-HBHA monoclonal antibodies revealed that the protein is surface exposed, consistent with a role in adherence. Immunoblot analyses using antigen-specific antibodies indicated that HBHA is different from the fibronectin-binding proteins of the antigen 85 complex and p55, and comparison of the NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of purified HBHA with the protein sequence data bases did not reveal any significant similarity with other known proteins. Sera from tuberculosis patients but not from healthy individuals were found to recognize HBHA, indicating its immunogenicity in humans during mycobacterial infections. Identification of putative mycobacterial adhesins, such as the one described in this report, may provide the basis for the development of new therapeutic and prophylactic strategies against mycobacterial diseases.

scholarly journals Macrophages secrete a novel heparin-binding protein with inflammatory and neutrophil chemokinetic properties.

1988 ◽  
Vol 167 (2) ◽  
pp. 570-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
S D Wolpe ◽  
G Davatelis ◽  
B Sherry ◽  
B Beutler ◽  
D G Hesse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Tumor Cell Line ◽  
Neutrophil Infiltration ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽  
Heparin Binding ◽  
Heparin Binding Protein ◽  
Inflammatory Protein ◽  
Sds Page

We report the identification and purification of a new inflammatory monokine synthesized by the macrophage tumor cell line RAW 264.7 in response to endotoxin. This monokine, which we term "macrophage inflammatory protein" (MIP), is a doublet with an apparent molecular mass of approximately 8,000 daltons on SDS-PAGE but forms aggregates of greater than 2 x 10(6) daltons as assessed by gel filtration. Partial NH2-terminal amino acid sequence data reveal no significant homology with any previously described protein. Although the monokine is anionic under physiological conditions, it is one of two major macrophage-secreted proteins that bind to heparin at high salt concentrations. At 100 ng/ml or greater, MIP is chemokinetic for human polymorphonuclear cells and triggers hydrogen peroxide production. Subcutaneous injection of 10 ng or greater of MIP into footpads of C3H/HeJ mice elicits an inflammatory response, characterized by neutrophil infiltration. These findings suggest that MIP is an endogenous mediator that may play a role in the host responses that occur during endotoxemia and other inflammatory events.

scholarly journals Early prolonged neutrophil activation in critically ill patients with sepsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-200
Author(s):  
Sanna Törnblom ◽  
Sara Nisula ◽  
Suvi T Vaara ◽  
Meri Poukkanen ◽  
Sture Andersson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Unit Admission ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Neutrophil Activation ◽  
Early Event ◽  
Heparin Binding ◽  
Activation Markers ◽  
Heparin Binding Protein ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

We hypothesised that plasma concentrations of biomarkers of neutrophil activation and pro-inflammatory cytokines differ according to the phase of rapidly evolving sepsis. In an observational study, we measured heparin-binding protein (HBP), myeloperoxidase (MPO), IL-6 and IL-8 in 167 sepsis patients on intensive care unit admission. We prospectively used the emergence of the first sepsis-associated organ dysfunction (OD) as a surrogate for the sepsis phase. Fifty-five patients (of 167, 33%) developed the first OD > 1 h before, 74 (44%) within ± 1 h, and 38 (23%) > 1 h after intensive care unit admission. HBP and MPO were elevated at a median of 12 h before the first OD, remained high up to 24 h, and were not associated with sepsis phase. IL-6 and IL-8 rose and declined rapidly close to OD emergence. Elevation of neutrophil activation markers HBP and MPO was an early event in the evolution of sepsis, lasting beyond the subsidence of the pro-inflammatory cytokine reaction. Thus, as sepsis biomarkers, HBP and MPO were not as prone as IL-6 and IL-8 to the effect of sample timing.

scholarly journals Genome sequences of human cytomegalovirus strain TB40/E variants propagated in fibroblasts and epithelial cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Al Qaffas ◽  
Salvatore Camiolo ◽  
Mai Vo ◽  
Alexis Aguiar ◽  
Amine Ourahmane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Viral Entry ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Serial Passage ◽  
Wild Type Virus ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Long Read

AbstractThe advent of whole genome sequencing has revealed that common laboratory strains of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) have major genetic deficiencies resulting from serial passage in fibroblasts. In particular, tropism for epithelial and endothelial cells is lost due to mutations disrupting genes UL128, UL130, or UL131A, which encode subunits of a virion-associated pentameric complex (PC) important for viral entry into these cells but not for entry into fibroblasts. The endothelial cell-adapted strain TB40/E has a relatively intact genome and has emerged as a laboratory strain that closely resembles wild-type virus. However, several heterogeneous TB40/E stocks and cloned variants exist that display a range of sequence and tropism properties. Here, we report the use of PacBio sequencing to elucidate the genetic changes that occurred, both at the consensus level and within subpopulations, upon passaging a TB40/E stock on ARPE-19 epithelial cells. The long-read data also facilitated examination of the linkage between mutations. Consistent with inefficient ARPE-19 cell entry, at least 83% of viral genomes present before adaptation contained changes impacting PC subunits. In contrast, and consistent with the importance of the PC for entry into endothelial and epithelial cells, genomes after adaptation lacked these or additional mutations impacting PC subunits. The sequence data also revealed six single noncoding substitutions in the inverted repeat regions, single nonsynonymous substitutions in genes UL26, UL69, US28, and UL122, and a frameshift truncating gene UL141. Among the changes affecting protein-coding regions, only the one in UL122 was strongly selected. This change, resulting in a D390H substitution in the encoded protein IE2, has been previously implicated in rendering another viral protein, UL84, essential for viral replication in fibroblasts. This finding suggests that IE2, and perhaps its interactions with UL84, have important functions unique to HCMV replication in epithelial cells.

scholarly journals AC2: An Efficient Protein Sequence Compression Tool Using Artificial Neural Networks and Cache-Hash Models

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 530
Author(s):  
Milton Silva ◽  
Diogo Pratas ◽  
Armando J. Pinho
Keyword(s):  
Protein Sequence ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Input Size ◽  
Protein Sequence Data ◽  
Analysis Application ◽  
Straightforward Solution ◽  
Human Coronaviruses

Recently, the scientific community has witnessed a substantial increase in the generation of protein sequence data, triggering emergent challenges of increasing importance, namely efficient storage and improved data analysis. For both applications, data compression is a straightforward solution. However, in the literature, the number of specific protein sequence compressors is relatively low. Moreover, these specialized compressors marginally improve the compression ratio over the best general-purpose compressors. In this paper, we present AC2, a new lossless data compressor for protein (or amino acid) sequences. AC2 uses a neural network to mix experts with a stacked generalization approach and individual cache-hash memory models to the highest-context orders. Compared to the previous compressor (AC), we show gains of 2–9% and 6–7% in reference-free and reference-based modes, respectively. These gains come at the cost of three times slower computations. AC2 also improves memory usage against AC, with requirements about seven times lower, without being affected by the sequences’ input size. As an analysis application, we use AC2 to measure the similarity between each SARS-CoV-2 protein sequence with each viral protein sequence from the whole UniProt database. The results consistently show higher similarity to the pangolin coronavirus, followed by the bat and human coronaviruses, contributing with critical results to a current controversial subject. AC2 is available for free download under GPLv3 license.

The heparin-binding protein interactome in pancreatic diseases

Pancreatology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 598-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q.M. Nunes ◽  
V. Mournetas ◽  
B. Lane ◽  
R. Sutton ◽  
D.G. Fernig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binding Protein ◽  
Heparin Binding ◽  
Pancreatic Diseases ◽  
Heparin Binding Protein ◽  
Protein Interactome

Heparin-binding protein (HBP/CAP37): A missing link in neutrophil-evoked alteration of vascular permeability

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 1123-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narinder Gautam ◽  
A. Maria Olofsson ◽  
Heiko Herwald ◽  
Lars F. Iversen ◽  
Evy Lundgren-Åkerlund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Permeability ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Heparin Binding ◽  
Missing Link ◽  
Heparin Binding Protein

Human C21orf63 is a Heparin-binding Protein

2009 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanae Mitsunaga ◽  
Jun Harada-Itadani ◽  
Toshihide Shikanai ◽  
Hiroaki Tateno ◽  
Yuzuru Ikehara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binding Protein ◽  
Heparin Binding ◽  
Heparin Binding Protein

Elusive Relationships Within Order Fabales: Phylogenetic Analyses Using matK and rbcL Sequence Data

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Bello ◽  
A. Bruneau ◽  
F. Forest ◽  
J. A. Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Taxon Sampling ◽  
Rapid Radiation ◽  
Bayesian Approaches ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses ◽  
The One ◽  
Good Support

The order Fabales, including Leguminosae, Polygalaceae, Quillajaceae and Surianaceae, represents a novel hypothesis emerging from angiosperm molecular phylogenies. Despite good support for the order, molecular studies to date have suggested contradictory, poorly supported interfamilial relationships. Our reappraisal of relationships within Fabales addresses past taxon sampling deficiencies, and employs parsimony and Bayesian approaches using sequences from the plastid regions rbcL (166 spp.) and matK (78 spp.). Five alternative hypotheses for interfamilial relationships within Fabales were recovered. The Shimodaira-Hasegawa test found the likelihood of a resolved topology significantly higher than the one calculated for a polytomy, but did not favour any of the alternative hypotheses of relationship within Fabales. In the light of the morphological evidence available and the comparative behavior of rbcL and matK, the topology recovering Polygalaceae as sister to the rest of the order Fabales with Leguminosae more closely related to Quillajaceae + Surianaceae, is considered the most likely hypothesis of interfamilial relationships of the order. Dating of selected crown clades in the Fabales phylogeny using penalized likelihood suggests rapid radiation of the Leguminosae, Polygalaceae, and (Quillajaceae + Surianaceae) crown clades.

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