scholarly journals Immune response to stage-specific surface antigens of the parasitic nematode Trichinella spiralis.

1981 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 210-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Philipp ◽  
P M Taylor ◽  
R M Parkhouse ◽  
B M Ogilvie
Keyword(s):  
Primary Infection ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Intestinal Worms

Rats were infected with the nematode Trichinella spiralis and the primary serum antibody response to antigenic surface proteins of infective larvae, intestinal worms, and newborn larvae was studies. 1 wk after infection, the sera contained antibodies to surface antigens of both infective larvae and intestinal worms. These early sera, however, failed to react with newborn larvae surface antigens. In addition, adsorption of sera with living intestinal worms or infective larvae removed antibodies to surface antigens of the homologous stage only. Finally, the time-course of appearance of antibodies that mediate eosinophil adherence to the surface of each stage of the parasite. We concluded that in a primary infection in rats, the surface proteins of T. spiralis used in this study are antigenically stage specific. Furthermore, they could be targets for the stage-specific, antibody-dependent eosinophil-mediated destruction of this parasite, known to occur in vitro.

Monoclonal antibodies against surface antigens of schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni

Parasitology ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Taylor ◽  
A. F. Butterworth
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Apparent Molecular Weight ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Soft Agar ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Spleen Cells

SUMMARYMonoclonal antibodies have been produced after fusion of NS-1 murine myeloma cells with spleen cells from mice immunized either by chronic primary infection or with irradiated cercariae: in both cases, animals were challenged with live cercariae 7 days before fusion. The initial cultures were screened for anti-schistosomular antibodies both by a radioimmunoassay with whole schistosomulum extracts and by immunofluorescence. There was no correlation between the two techniques and subsequent screening was carried out by immunofluorescence. Cloning was carried out in soft agar and 7 cloned cell lines, from 5 initial cultures, were selected for detailed study. Products of 6 of these 7 lines were monoclonal, as judged by isoelectricfocusing of [35S]methionine-labelled supernatant fluids, and their binding to live schistosomula was specific. None of the antibodies showed detectable activity in mediating eosinophil- or complement-dependent damage to schistosomula in vitro. However, 2 antibodies were successfully used to isolate surface proteins with an apparent molecular weight of 24000 on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

scholarly journals Secreted Variant of Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase from the Intracellular Parasitic Nematode Trichinella spiralis

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 3658-3662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kleoniki Gounaris ◽  
Simon Thomas ◽  
Pilar Najarro ◽  
Murray E. Selkirk
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinases ◽  
Molecular Components ◽  
Broad Specificity

ABSTRACT The molecular components involved in the survival of the parasitic nematode Trichinella spiralis in an intracellular environment are poorly characterized. Here we demonstrate that infective larvae secrete a nucleoside diphosphate kinase when maintained in vitro. The secreted enzyme forms a phosphohistidine intermediate and shows broad specificity in that it readily accepts γ-phosphate from both ATP and GTP and donates it to all nucleoside and deoxynucleoside diphosphate acceptors tested. The enzyme was partially purified from culture medium by ATP affinity chromatography and identified as a 17-kDa protein by autophosphorylation and reactivity with an antibody to a plant-derived homologue. Secreted nucleoside diphosphate kinases have previously been identified only in prokaryotic organisms, all of them bacterial pathogens. The identification of a secreted variant of this enzyme from a multicellular eukaryote is very unusual and is suggestive of a role in modulating host cell function.

Anamnestic stimulus-specific myoelectric responses associated with intestinal immunity in the rat

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (2) ◽  
pp. G266-G273 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Palmer ◽  
G. A. Castro
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Myoelectric Activity ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Intestinal Immunity ◽  
Infective Larvae

Changes in small intestinal motility reflective of local anaphylaxis are hypothesized to be associated with the rapid, immune-mediated rejection of infective larvae of the nematode Trichinella spiralis. This hypothesis was tested by comparing intestinal myoelectric activity in primarily and secondarily infected rats; the latter group represented immunized hosts, i.e., immunized by initial contact with the parasite. Patterns of slow waves, action potentials, interdigestive migrating myoelectric complexes, and migrating action-potential complexes induced by secondary infection differed from those associated with primary infection. Patterns in both cases differed from those in uninfected rats. Secondary but not primary infection evoked changes in myoelectric patterns within 15 min after administration of infective larvae. These changes could not be elicited by inoculation with dead larvae, larval excretory-secretory antigens, or a heterologous parasite, Eimeria nieschulzi. Results indicate that altered smooth muscle contractile activity is part of an anamnestic, stimulus-specific response to T. spiralis in immunized rats. These changes may represent the in vivo equivalent of the anaphylactically mediated intestinal smooth muscle contraction elicited in vitro in the Schultz-Dale reaction.

scholarly journals Proteomic and Transcriptomic Profiling of Staphylococcus aureus Surface LPXTG-proteins: Correlation with agr Genotypes and Adherence Phenotypes

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1123-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathilde Ythier ◽  
Grégory Resch ◽  
Patrice Waridel ◽  
Alexandre Panchaud ◽  
Aurélie Gfeller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Protein Domain ◽  
Accessory Gene

Staphylococcus aureus infections involve numerous adhesins and toxins, which expression depends on complex regulatory networks. Adhesins include a family of surface proteins covalently attached to the peptidoglycan via a conserved LPXTG motif. Here we determined the protein and mRNA expression of LPXTG-proteins of S. aureus Newman in time-course experiments, and their relation to fibrinogen adherence in vitro. Experiments were performed with mutants in the global accessory-gene regulator (agr), surface protein A (Spa), and fibrinogen-binding protein A (ClfA), as well as during growth in iron-rich or iron-poor media. Surface proteins were recovered by trypsin-shaving of live bacteria. Released peptides were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass-spectrometry. To unambiguously identify peptides unique to LPXTG-proteins, the analytical conditions were refined using a reference library of S. aureus LPXTG-proteins heterogeneously expressed in surrogate Lactococcus lactis. Transcriptomes were determined by microarrays. Sixteen of the 18 LPXTG-proteins present in S. aureus Newman were detected by proteomics. Nine LPXTG-proteins showed a bell-shape agr-like expression that was abrogated in agr-negative mutants including Spa, fibronectin-binding protein A (FnBPA), ClfA, iron-binding IsdA, and IsdB, immunomodulator SasH, functionally uncharacterized SasD, biofilm-related SasG and methicillin resistance-related FmtB. However, only Spa and SasH modified their proteomic and mRNA profiles in parallel in the parent and its agr- mutant, whereas all other LPXTG-proteins modified their proteomic profiles independently of their mRNA. Moreover, ClfA became highly transcribed and active in fibrinogen-adherence tests during late growth (24 h), whereas it remained poorly detected by proteomics. On the other hand, iron-regulated IsdA-B-C increased their protein expression by >10-times in iron-poor conditions. Thus, proteomic, transcriptomic, and adherence-phenotype demonstrated differential profiles in S. aureus. Moreover, trypsin peptide signatures suggested differential protein domain exposures in various environments, which might be relevant for anti-adhesin vaccines. A comprehensive understanding of the S. aureus physiology should integrate all three approaches.

The occurrence of antibodies to hidden and exposed determinants of surface antigens of Trichinella spiralis

Parasitology ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guadalupe Ortega-Pierres ◽  
Ann Chayen ◽  
N. W. T. Clark ◽  
R. M. E. Parkhouse
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Myeloma Cell ◽  
Molecular Heterogeneity ◽  
Major Surface ◽  
Polypeptide Structure

SUMMARYMice were infected per os with Trichinella spiralis and their lymphocytes were removed and fused with mouse myeloma cell line P3 × 63Ag8653P3 for the selection of monoclonal antibodies to biochemically defined, stage-specific surface antigens of 3 parasite developmental stages: muscle larvae, adults and newborn larvae. Two separate antibodies against a defined single surface antigen of each stage were isolated. In each separate case the pair of monoclonal antibodies precipitated the same component from detergent-solubilized surface antigen preparations, but only one was able to bind to the surface of the living worm. The other must therefore be directed against an antigenic epitope which is obscured in the intact worm surface. The latter type of antibody is unlikely to be involved in the initial phase of parasite rejection and hence is another example of a non-protective host antibody response. The stimulus for its synthesis may be release of surface antigen, which does occur in vitro. One surface antigen of the newborn larvae is only detected by antibody in the first 6 h after birth; thereafter its presence is obscured as other antigens appear. The major surface antigen of the infective larvae contains carbohydrate determinants which are not available at the parasite surface. In addition, it displays great molecular heterogeneity but all variants appear to be derived from a common polypeptide structure.

The response of hamsters to primary and secondary infection with Trichinella spiralis and to vaccination with parasite antigens

1994 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Behnke ◽  
M.S. Dehlawi ◽  
R. Rose ◽  
P.N. Spyropoulos ◽  
D. Wakelin
Keyword(s):  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Mucosal Mast Cell ◽  
Intestinal Phase ◽  
Important Host ◽  
Intestinal Worms ◽  
Severe Pathology ◽  
Dose Dependent

AbstractThe duration of primary infections with T. spiralis was dose-dependent with greater proportional loss of worms from heavily infected hamsters and longer persistence of worms in syngeneic DSN hamsters carrying initially low intensity infections. Intestinal worms were lost more rapidly from challenged immunized animals with over 80% loss of established worms by day 6 post infection, but survival of residual worms for a further 2 weeks. Hamsters carrying initially more than 140 intestinal worms began to lose weight during the second week indicating severe pathology at this stage of infection. Mucosal mast cell numbers increased from 50 cells/20 villus crypt units in uninfected animals to a peak in excess of 150 during week 4 pi, although intestinal mastocytosis persisted long after the loss of the majority of adult worms. Serum antibody responses to muscle stage larval antigen were detected in week 3 and increased subsequently. Both mastocytosis and antibody responses were more intense on secondary exposure to infection. Hamsters vaccinated with muscle stage larval antigen showed only a moderately accelerated loss of the intestinal phase but the fecundity of worms was severely suppressed. Overall it was concluded that the hamster host provided a model of trichinellosis that, in many respects was closer than mice and rats to the pattern of infection seen in economically and clinically important host species.

scholarly journals Invasion of intestinal epithelia in vitro by the parasitic nematode Trichinella spiralis.

1997 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 4806-4812 ◽  
Author(s):  
T ManWarren ◽  
L Gagliardo ◽  
J Geyer ◽  
C McVay ◽  
S Pearce-Kelling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Intestinal Epithelia
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document