scholarly journals Competition between concanavalin A-induced stimulatory and inhibitory effects in the in vitro immune response to antigen.

1975 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 524-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Scavulli ◽  
R W Dutton
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Concanavalin A ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Con A ◽  
In Vitro Immune Response

The humoral response of nude spleen cells (b cells) to sheep erythrocytes was measured in the presence of varying numbers of concanavalin A (ConA)-acvated stimulatory spleen T cells (helper) and Con A-activated inhibitory spleen T cells (suppressor) from BDF1 mice. It was found that suppressive effects could be reversed by the presence of additional numbers of stimulatory cells. These results seem incompatible with the hypothesis that suppression is mediated by supraoptimal numbers of stimulatory cells and provides additional evidence that separate populations of T cells mediate stimulation and suppression.

scholarly journals In vitro studies of the rabbit immune system. V. Suppressor T cells activated by concanavalin A block the proliferation, not the induction of antierythrocyte plaque-forming cells.

1976 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
pp. 919-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Redelman ◽  
C B Scott ◽  
H W Sheppard ◽  
S Sell
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Concanavalin A ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Suppressor T Cells ◽  
Con A ◽  
Activated T Cells

The late B-cell proliferative phase of the in vitro antibody response by rabbit spleen cells is highly susceptible to suppression by activated T cells. The in vitro antisheep erythrocyte plaque-forming cell (PFC) response by spleen cells from normal or primed rabbits can be suppressed by adding concanavalin A (Con A), Con A-prestimulated peripheral blood or spleen lymphocytes, or supernates from Con A-prestimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes. The suppression is not mediated by a direct interaction of Con A with responding cells as shown by the effectiveness of prestimulated cells. Primed spleen cultures remain sensitive to Con A suppression as late as 72 h after initiation, and the addition of Con A after 24-72 h rapidly stops the increase in the number of PFC. T cells are required for Con A addition to be effective but the suppression can be induced at a time when T-helper cells are no longer necessary. Further, the suppressive effect of Con A addition is abrogated by specific antisera to rabbit T cells. We propose that Con A activates suppressor T cells which then exert their effects on proliferating PFC or their immediate precursor B cells. The early inductive or recruitment phase of the response is probably not blocked by suppressor cells. Also, there is an apparent relationship between the number of proliferating B cells and the number of suppressor cells required. Finally, the difficulties in inducing a stimulatory effect by Con A and the prolonged period that Con A addition is suppressive suggests that the rabbit has relatively more and/or longer-lived suppressor cells than the mouse and may be a particularly useful species for studying suppressive phenomena and their mechanisms.

scholarly journals Two distinct mechanisms regulate the in vivo generation of cytotoxic T cells.

1982 ◽  
Vol 156 (3) ◽  
pp. 918-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
M S Sy ◽  
S H Lee ◽  
M Tsurufuji ◽  
K L Rock ◽  
B Benacerraf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Concanavalin A ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cells ◽  
Cytolytic T Lymphocytes ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Suppressor T Cells ◽  
Con A

Treatment of responder cells with monoclonal anti-Ly-1,2 antibodies plus complement in vitro completely eliminated their ability to generate azobenzenearsonate (ABA)-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL). However, addition of the concanavalin A-stimulated supernatants of rat spleen cells (Con A-Sup) can fully reconstitute the response. Therefore, Lyt-1,2-bearing T cells are required for the generation of ABA-specific CTL, and such requirement can be replaced by factors present in the Con A- sup. Suppressor T cells (Ts), when adoptively transferred into naive recipients, will inhibit the in vivo priming of CTL. This inhibition can also be reversed by in vitro addition of Con A-Sup. furthermore, mice serving as donors of Ts also show profound unresponsiveness when primed and restimulated in vitro. In contrast to the Ts-mediated inhibition, in vitro addition of Con A-Sup was unable to abolish the unresponsiveness observed in these cultures. Thus, we identified two unresponsive states in a hapten-specific killing system that differ in their ability to be reconstituted by Con A-Sup.

scholarly journals Feedback suppression of the immune response in vitro. I. Activity of antigen-stimulated B cells.

1980 ◽  
Vol 151 (3) ◽  
pp. 667-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
R H Zubler ◽  
H Cantor ◽  
B Benacerraf ◽  
R N Germain
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Spleen Cell ◽  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
Feedback Regulation ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Feedback Suppression

Feedback regulation of the primary humoral immune response to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) was studied in vitro. Whole spleen cells or spleen cell subpopulations were incubated with antigen for 4 d under Mishell-Dutton conditions (education) and the surviving cells tested for regulatory activity in fresh anti-SRBC spleen cell cultures assayed by measuring plaque-forming cells on day 4. The data indicate that (a) whole spleen cells educated with SRBC exert potent antigen-specific suppression in the assay culture, (b) surface Ig- (sIg-) cells (T cells) prepared by either nylon-wool separation or fractionation on rabbit anti-mouse-Ig-coated polystyrene Petri dishes failed to generate suppressive activity when educated alone, in 2-mercaptoethanol, or in the presence of additional macrophages, (c) surface Ig (sIg+) (B) cells educated alone also failed to generate suppressor cells, and (d) mixing sIg- (T) and sIg+, Lyt 123- (B) cells reconstituted the ability to induce suppressor cells under these conditions. The antigen-primed cell actually required to transfer suppression was also characterized by separating cells using anti-Ig coated dishes, by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and by anti-Lyt treatment. All these methods clearly identified sIg+ (B) and not sIg+ (T) cells as the important educated cells. It is concluded that under our conditions, T cell-dependent B cells triggered by antigen during primary in vitro cultures cause potent specific feedback suppression of humoral responses. Possible mechanisms for this suppression, including antigen blockade or anti-idiotypic responses, are discussed.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effect of Hydroxymethylfurfural in Viability of BALB/C Mice Splenocytes

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Sevda Saleh-Ghadimi ◽  
Hamed Jafari-Vayghan ◽  
Sorayya Kheirouri ◽  
Mohammad Alizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
T Cells ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Concanavalin A ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Con A ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: This study was designed to discover if hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) exposure modifies cell proliferation and DNA damage in BALB/c mice splenocytes. Methods: Mitogenesis in T cells and B cells was induced by Concanavalin A (Con A) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The colorimetric tetrazolium assay was used to evaluate cell proliferation. DNA damaging consequences were evaluated via measurement of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) level in BALB/c mice splenocytes. Results: Spleen cells proliferation elicited by ConA, was dramatically suppressed by 25, 50 and 100 mM of HMF. However, there was not any significant difference between various concentrations of HMF. The same result was observed following treatment with LPS and HMF in different concentrations. Eight-OHdG concentration was elevated significantly in HMF treated groups compared with untreated control and mitogens. Conclusion: HMF was found to have immunosuppressing and DNA damaging properties in mM concentrations in mice splenocytes.

scholarly journals Effects of anti-Ia sera on mitogenic responses. II. Differential expression of the Ia marker on phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A-reactive T cells.

1976 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 372-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
J E Niederhuber ◽  
J A Frelinger ◽  
M S Dine ◽  
P Shoffner ◽  
E Dugan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Concanavalin A ◽  
Cell Subpopulation ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Con A ◽  
Membrane Antigens ◽  
Rabbit Complement

Genes mapping in the I region of the H-2 complex control a system of lymphocyte alloantigens (Ia) which are expressed on a subpopulation of T cells and on most B cells. Specific anti-Ia serum in the presence of rabbit complement removed the splenic T-cell subpopulation responsive to Con-A, but did not affect the response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or Leucoagglutinin. Antibodies specific for Ia, H-2K, or H-2D membrane antigens were used without complement to pretreat spleen cells. These antibody pretreated cells responded normally to Con-A and PHA.

scholarly journals B and T cells collaborate in antiviral responses via IL-6, IL-21, and transcriptional activator and coactivator, Oct2 and OBF-1

2012 ◽  
Vol 209 (11) ◽  
pp. 2049-2064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Karnowski ◽  
Stephane Chevrier ◽  
Gabrielle T. Belz ◽  
Adele Mount ◽  
Dianne Emslie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Transcriptional Activator ◽  
Early Event ◽  
Tfh Cells

A strong humoral response to infection requires the collaboration of several hematopoietic cell types that communicate via antigen presentation, surface coreceptors and their ligands, and secreted factors. The proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 has been shown to promote the differentiation of activated CD4+ T cells into T follicular helper cells (TFH cells) during an immune response. TFH cells collaborate with B cells in the formation of germinal centers (GCs) during T cell–dependent antibody responses, in part through secretion of critical cytokines such as IL-21. In this study, we demonstrate that loss of either IL-6 or IL-21 has marginal effects on the generation of TFH cells and on the formation of GCs during the response to acute viral infection. However, mice lacking both IL-6 and IL-21 were unable to generate a robust TFH cell–dependent immune response. We found that IL-6 production in follicular B cells in the draining lymph node was an important early event during the antiviral response and that B cell–derived IL-6 was necessary and sufficient to induce IL-21 from CD4+ T cells in vitro and to support TFH cell development in vivo. Finally, the transcriptional activator Oct2 and its cofactor OBF-1 were identified as regulators of Il6 expression in B cells.

scholarly journals In vitro analysis of allogeneic lymphocyte interaction. V. Identification and characterization of two components of allogeneic effect factor, one of which displays H-2-restricted helper activity and the other, T cell-growth factor activity.

1981 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
T L Delovitch ◽  
J Watson ◽  
R Battistella ◽  
J F Harris ◽  
J Shaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Con A ◽  
Effect Factor ◽  
T Cell Growth Factor

An allogeneic effect factor (AEF) derived from mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) cultures of alloactivated A.SW (H-2s) responder T cells and irradiated A/WySn (H-2a) stimulator spleen cells helps an in vitro primary anti-erythrocyte plaque-forming cell PFC response of BALB/c nude spleen cels and also A/WySn but not A.SW T cell-depleted spleen cells. AEF activity is adsorbed by anti-Ik and anti-I-Ak but not by anti-I-Jk, anti-I-ECk, and anti-Is. Gel filtration of ACA 54 resolves AEF into two main components that which appear in the 50,000- to 70,000-mol wt (component I) and 30,000- to 35,000-mol wt (component II) regions, respectively. Component I has a mol wt of 68,000, elutes from DEAE-Sephacel at 0.05-0.1 M NaCl, and has an isoelectric point (pI) of 5.8. It helps A/WySn but not A.SW B cells and, therefore, is H-2 restricted. Component II is not H-2 restricted, because it helps both A.SW and A/WySn B cells. It also stimulates (a) the growth of a long-term cytotoxic cell line in vitro, (b) Con A-induced thymocyte mitogenesis, and (c) the generation of cytotoxic T cells. The latter three properties of component II are not shared by component I. In addition, component II elutes from DEAE-Sephacel at 0.15-0.2 M NaCl and has a pI of 4.3 and 4.9. Ia determinants and Ig VH, CH, L-chain, and idiotypic determinants are not present on either component I or component II. The properties of component II are identical to that of a T cell growth factor produced by Con A-stimulated spleen cells. It is suggested that the H-2-restricted component I of AEF might be an MLR-activated responder T cell-derived Ia alloantigen receptor.

scholarly journals Splenic immunoglobulin-secreting cells and their regulation in autoimmune mice.

1980 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 446-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
A N Theofilopoulos ◽  
D L Shawler ◽  
R A Eisenberg ◽  
F J Dixon
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
B Cells ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Con A ◽  
Clinical Onset ◽  
Normal Spleen ◽  
Igg Secretion ◽  
Bxsb Mice

We have investigated in vitro the magnitude, nature, and regulation of spontaneous and mitogen-induced Ig secretion by splenic lymphocytes from several autoimmune murine strains (NZB, NZB X W, MRL/l BXSB) and appropriate, normal mice. All autoimmune strains had increased numbers of mature splenic B lymphocytes, which secreted and/or contained Ig, compared to age-matched normal strains. In NZB and NZB X W mice, the high frequency of mature B cells was apparent early in life, whereas in MRL/l and BXSB mice it was first noted shortly before the clinical onset of disease. Spleen cells from young autoimmune mice of all four strains secreted predominantly IgM, but with aging and the appearance of disease, the cells switched to IgG secretion predominantly. In contrast, spleen cells from normal mice were predominantly IgM, but with aging and the appearance of disease, the cells switched to IgG secretion predominantly. In contrast, spleen cells from normal mice were predominantly IgM secretors throughout the animals' lives. Approximately 15% of the total Ig-secreting cells in older NZB, NZB X W, and MRL mice were committed to secretion of anti-ssDNA antibodies. In both autoimmune and normal spleen cells, the B-cell population alone contained fewer secreting cells than the total lymphocyte population, indicating that T cells were required to achieve maximal levels of plaque-forming cells. Spleen cells of NZB and NZB X W mice had a greater response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) than other autoimmune and normal strains. Responsiveness to LPS, as measured by the frequency of induced Ig-secreting cells, was considerably diminished with age and onset of disease in all autoimmune but not in normal strains. LPS-induced Ig secretion by B cells of autoimmune and normal mice was subject to regulation by splenic T cells. No significant differences were observed between concanavalin-A (Con A) stimulated spleen cells from young and older autoimmune mice and normal control strains in effectively suppressing spontaneous and LPS-induced Ig secretion. Moreover, B cells from autoimmune mice and from normal strains were equally receptive to Con A-induced suppressor signals. T cells from young and older NZB and BXSB mice added to a standard number of B cells from syngeneic young mice provided equal help in enhancing LPS-induced Ig secretion, and this help in turn was equivalent to that provided by T cells from normal mice of the same H-2 haplotype. The exception was the MRL/l strain; T cells from older animals provided considerably more help than T cells from young MRL/l or T cells from young and older H-2-compatible normal mice.

scholarly journals INDUCTION OF A HEMOLYSIN RESPONSE IN VITRO

1971 ◽  
Vol 133 (6) ◽  
pp. 1325-1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus-Ulrich Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
T Cells ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Thymus Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Chimeras

Spleen cells of bone marrow chimeras (B cells) and of irradiated mice injected with thymus cells and heterologous erythrocytes (educated T cells) were mixed and cultured together (17). The number of PFC developing in these cultures was dependent both on the concentration of the B cells and of the educated T cells. In excess of T cells the number of developing PFC is linearly dependent on the number of B cells. At high concentrations of T cells more PFC developed; the increase in the number of PFC was greatest between the 3rd and 4th day of culture. Increased numbers of educated T cells also assisted the development of PFC directed against the erythrocytes. It is concluded that the T cells not only play a role during the triggering of the precursor cells but also during the time of proliferation of the B cells; close contact between B and T cells seems to be needed to allow the positive activity of the T cells.

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