scholarly journals THE INTERACTION OF MYCOPLASMAS WITH MAMMALIAN CELLS

1966 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothea Zucker-Franklin ◽  
Morton Davidson ◽  
Lewis Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Duct Lymph ◽  
Cytoplasmic Processes

The incubation of mycoplasmas with human peripheral blood buffy coats resulted in the uptake of these microorganisms by more than 50% of the mononuclear cells. Mycoplasmas adhered to the plasma membranes of all leukocytes, most of which developed long cytoplasmic processes not seen in the controls. In human and rat thoracic duct lymph, about 6% of the cells ingested the microorganisms. T2 phage and thorotrast were taken up by a similar percentage of lymphocytes. On morphological grounds, the cells which were able to take up PPLO's or particles could not be distinguished from the cells which were incapable of this function. Following phagocytosis, neither the cell nor the microorganism showed any morphological alterations over a 3 hr period of observation. The demonstration that a small percentage of "lymphocytes" are able to phagocytose may have pathological and immunological implications.

scholarly journals Brief Note: Marrow Repopulating Ability of Peripheral Blood Cells Compared to Thoracic Duct Cells

Blood ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 662-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. STORB ◽  
R. B. EPSTEIN ◽  
E. D. THOMAS
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Peripheral Blood Cells ◽  
Hemopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Duct Lymph ◽  
Marrow Repopulating Ability

Abstract Ten dogs were exposed to 1200 r. of whole body irradiation at a dose rate of 9.2 r./min. Five of these dogs were then given infusions of 21 to 74 x 109 autologous peripheral blood cells which had been previously stored at -80 C. 4.0 to 19.4 x 109 of these cells were lymphocytes, 0.4 to 4.9 x 109 were monocytes and 16.4 to 50.3 x 109 were granulocytes. All five dogs showed clinical or histologic evidence of bone marrow repopulation. The remaining 5 dogs were given 7 to 22 x 109 autologous thoracic duct lymphocytes. In none of these dogs was marrow repopulation observed. It was concluded that hemopoietic stem cells are not present in the thoracic duct lymph of the dog in any appreciable number.

scholarly journals MIGRATION OF LYMPHOCYTES AND THYMOCYTES IN THE RAT

1968 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irving Goldschneider ◽  
Douglas D. McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Duct Lymph ◽  
Splenic White Pulp

The cellular deficit in rats thymectomized at birth is primarily one of circulating small lymphocytes. The lymphocyte deficiency is similar to that induced in adult rats by chronic drainage from a thoracic duct fistula. In both cases, the animals show a reduction of small lymphocytes in peripheral blood, thoracic duct lymph, and in circumscribed areas of lymphoid tissue. The lympocyte deficiency in lymphoid tissue can be corrected by an intravenous injection of thoracic duct lymphocytes. The evidence suggests that the deficiency is corrected by small lymphocytes. Small lymphocytes pass from blood to lymphoid tissue along a route which includes the marginal sinus in splenic white pulp and postcapillary venules in the cortex of lymph nodes and Peyer's patches. Neither the ability of small lymphocytes to colonize lymphoid tissue nor their ability to traverse postcapillary venules are thymus-dependent phenomena. However, movement of small lymphocytes across postcapillary venules appears to modify the structure of endothelium. Intravenously injected small thymocytes migrate to lymphoid tissue in smaller numbers than small lymphocytes inoculated by the same route. The few thymocytes which localize in lymphoid tissue follow the same pathway as circulating small lymphocytes.

scholarly journals THE ORIGIN AND TURNOVER OF MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN PERITONEAL EXUDATES IN RATS

1966 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvin Volkman
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Tritiated Thymidine ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Duct Lymph ◽  
Kinetics Of

Tritiated thymidine-labeling data in individual and parabiotic rats showed that macrophages in peritoneal exudates were derived from cells in the blood which were the progeny of rapidly and continuously proliferating precursors. The characteristics of this population identify them with free macrophages studied in other sites; similarly, they can be obtained from transfused bone marrow. Cells in the exudates which were morphologically indistinguishable from small lymphocytes were also found to have the labeling features of a rapidly proliferating population in contrast with the known kinetics of the majority of small lymphocytes in blood and thoracic duct lymph. However, experimental evidence indicated that the lymphocytelike exudate cells had emigrated from the blood and that bone marrow was a source of their precursors. These findings support the concept of the heterogeneity of lymphocytes. The possible relationships among the mononuclear cells is discussed.

scholarly journals Sternberg-Reed Cells in the Thoracic Duct Lymph of Patients with Hodgkin’s Disease

Blood ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. ENGESET ◽  
I. O. BRENNHOVD ◽  
I. CHRISTENSEN ◽  
S. HAGEN ◽  
K. HØEG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Hodgkin's Disease ◽  
Hodgkin’S Disease ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Duct Lymph

Abstract Typical Sternberg-Reed cells were found in the thoracic duct lymph in three of four patients with a histologically proven diagnosis of Hodgkin’s disease, but in none of the patients were these cells demonstrated in the peripheral blood. The findings are discussed.

Effects of tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate and tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate on cell viability and morphological changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (in vitro study)

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 1336-1345 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Mokra ◽  
K Bukowski ◽  
K Woźniak
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
The Impact

Organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) are a group of chemicals widely used in various everyday use products. Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate (TCEP) and tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate (TCPP) are one of the commonly used chemicals belonging to this group. Due to the need of limitation of the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) as retardants, the share of the compounds tested in our experiments in chemicals production systematically increases. There is limited information about the influence of halogenated OPFRs on living cells, especially on the immune system cells. That is why the aim of this study was to assess the impact of TCEP and TCPP on viability and morphological alterations of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The cells were incubated with selected flame retardants in the concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 1 mM for 24 h. It was found that TCEP at 1 mM and TCPP at 0.5 mM decreased viability of PBMCs, while only TCPP induced morphological alterations in the incubated cells. The results of our experiments suggest that TCPP is more cytotoxic than TCEP, which can be explained by the presence of methyl groups in the molecule of this compound. Similar to other studies, our data also suggest that OPFRs are suitable replacements for PBDEs.

scholarly journals MECHANISM OF EOSINOPHILIA

1970 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. 1288-1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antony Basten ◽  
Paul B. Beeson
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Antilymphocyte Serum ◽  
Diffusion Chambers ◽  
Duct Lymph ◽  
Diffusible Factor ◽  
Secondary Type

A possible role for the lymphocyte in the mechanism of eosinopoiesis has been examined. Procedures known to deplete or inactivate the pool of recirculating lymphocytes such as neonatal thymectomy, administration of antilymphocyte serum, and prolonged thoracic duct drainage, either singly or in combination, resulted in a highly significant reduction in the eosinophil response to trichinosis. Irradiated animals exposed to parasitic challenge did not develop eosinophilia unless reconstituted with lymphocytes as well as bone marrow cells. When "memory" cells were used instead of normal lymphocytes, a "secondary" type of eosinophil response was observed. Transfer of a primary eosinophilia was achieved adoptively with a population of living large lymphocytes from thoracic duct lymph and peripheral blood, but not with blood plasma or cell-free lymph. The potency of the active lymphocytes was not impaired by enclosing them in cell-tight diffusion chambers, indicating that they exerted an effect on bone marrow by agency of a diffusible factor. The demonstration of a role for lymphocytes in induction of the eosinophil response to this kind of stimulus supports the conclusion that eosinophilia belongs in the category of immunologic phenomena.

scholarly journals Studies of Lymphocyte Kinetics in Man

Blood ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
SEYMOUR PERRY ◽  
GEORGE L. IRVIN ◽  
JACQUELINE WHANG
Keyword(s):  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Tritiated Thymidine ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Peripheral Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Duct Lymph ◽  
Male Patients

Abstract Studies of certain aspects of lymphocyte kinetics were performed in nine patients with malignancies but who were hematologically normal. Following the administration of tritiated thymidine, well-labeled large lymphocytes appeared very promptly in thoracic duct lymph along with some lightly labeled small lymphocytes. Specific activity was higher in the thoracic duct lymph lymphocytes as compared to the peripheral blood leukocytes for at least the first 50 hours. When male patients were transfused with thoracic duct lymphocyte obtained from female donors, lymphocytes with a female karyotype were observed as early as 10 hours in the thoracic duct lymph and as early as one hour in the peripheral blood. The evidence presented in these studies confirms data previously obtained only in animal experiments and indicates that homologous lymphocytes may circulate as long as 9 days in appropriate recipients.

A Comparative Study of Intravenous Versus Intralymphatic Interleukin-2, with Assessment of Effects of Interleukin-2 on Both Peripheral Blood and Thoracic-Duct Lymph

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Sarna ◽  
Herbert Machleder ◽  
James Collins ◽  
Benjamin Bonavida ◽  
Edwin Jacobs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Duct Lymph
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