scholarly journals Histones synthesized for use in early development of Xenopus laevis are stored as a complex with antigenic properties similar to those of the octamer core of nucleosomes.

1982 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 871-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
W C Earnshaw ◽  
O P Rekvig ◽  
K Hannestad
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Chromatin Assembly ◽  
Soluble Complex ◽  
Antigenic Properties ◽  
Antibody Complex ◽  
Nuclear Synthesis ◽  
Assembly Activity

Serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) contains crossreacting autoantibodies which recognize histones in nucleosomes or when they are induced to form octamers in solution in the presence of 2 M NaCl, but not when they are dissociated free in solution at physiological ionic strength. We have found that histones stored in eggs of Xenopus laevis for use in rapid nuclear synthesis during early development react with this antibody. This reaction has been observed by radioimmunoassay, inhibition of chromatin assembly by the extracts in the presence of antibody, and, in a preliminary result, by identification of a histone-antibody complex bound to protein A-sepharose. Further evidence that the extract antigen corresponds to the stored histone pool comes from sedimentation and charge fractionation experiments where the chromatin assembly activity and antigen (measured by radioimmunoassay) were found to cofractionate. BEcause the extract histones are not bound to DNA, our results suggest that they are stored as a soluble complex in a conformation similar or identical to the octameric core of the nucleosome. Our data suggest that the histones in this complex are bound to an anionic factor or factors which presumably replaces the DNA in shielding the positive charges on the histones.

Chromosome replication in early development of Xenopus laevis

Development ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 89 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 285-296
Author(s):  
R. A. Laskey
Keyword(s):  
Dna Replication ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Chromosome Replication ◽  
Chromatin Assembly

Eggs of Xenopus laevis contain exceptionally large amounts of materials involved in chromosome replication. This maternal stockpile allows an embryo to produce about 80 000 cells in less than 24 h. The adaptations which achieve this involve the mechanisms of both DNA replication and chromatin assembly.

Early development of dorsal column-medial lemniscal projections in the clawed toad, Xenopus laevis

1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Múñoz ◽  
R. de Boer-Van Huizen ◽  
I. Bergervoet-Vernooy ◽  
H.J. ten Donkelaar
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Dorsal Column

Cloning of the Xenopus laevis cdk2 promoter and functional analysis in oocytes and during early development

Gene ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 151 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Olive ◽  
Nadine Thézé ◽  
Michel Philippe ◽  
Jean-Paul Le Pennec ◽  
Hubert Lerivray
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Early Development

scholarly journals Toxic effects of carbendazim andn-butyl isocyanate, metabolites of the fungicide benomyl, on early development in the African clawed frog,Xenopus laevis

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Sik Yoon ◽  
Jung-Hyo Jin ◽  
Joo-Hung Park ◽  
Chang-Yeol Yeo ◽  
Song-Ja Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
African Clawed Frog ◽  
Clawed Frog

Changes in the rate of cell divisions in the course of early development of diploid and haploid loach embryos

Development ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-150
Author(s):  
N. N. Rott ◽  
G. A. Sheveleva
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Nuclear Function ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Genetic Activity ◽  
Synchronous Cell ◽  
Nuclear Synthesis ◽  
Two Stages

The period of development preceding gastrulation can be divided into two stages. The first is characterized by rapid synchronous cell division. True interphase, which is characterized by the fusion of karyomers and the occurrence of a nucleolus, is absent at this stage. During the second stage the rate of cell division decreases and divisions are asynchronous. The process of cell division is antagonistic to genetic activity of nuclei, as nuclear synthesis of m-RNA appears to cease during mitosis. Consequently, one can suggest that the increase of the length of interphase is necessary for the onset of morphogenetic nuclear function, which ensures gastrulation and subsequent development (Neyfakh, 1959). The present investigation was designed first to determine exactly the time of the appearance of the changes in the rate of cell division and to compare it with the time of onset of morphogenetic nuclear function.

XCL100, an inducible nuclear MAP kinase phosphatase from Xenopus laevis: its role in MAP kinase inactivation in differentiated cells and its expression during early development

1995 ◽  
Vol 108 (8) ◽  
pp. 2885-2896 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Lewis ◽  
L.A. Groom ◽  
A.A. Sneddon ◽  
C. Smythe ◽  
S.M. Keyse
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Map Kinase ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Serum Stimulation ◽  
Transient Activation ◽  
Map Kinase Phosphatase

We have cloned the Xenopus laevis homologue (XCL100) of the human CL100 (Thr/Tyr) MAP kinase phosphatase. Expression of the XCL100 mRNA and protein is inducible by serum stimulation and oxidative/heat stress in a X. laevis kidney cell line. In contrast, XCL100 is constitutively expressed in growing Xenopus oocytes. Recombinant XCL100 protein is able to dephosphorylate both tyrosine and threonine residues of activated p42 MAP kinase in vitro and both the Xenopus and human CL100 proteins were localised predominantly in the nucleus in transfected COS-1 cells. As nuclear translocation of activated MAP kinase is necessary for some of its essential functions in proliferation and cell differentiation our results indicate a role for CL100 in the regulation of these nuclear signalling events. In Xenopus kidney cells both heat shock and serum stimulation lead to transient activation of MAP kinase. However, in contrast to results previously reported from studies on mammalian fibroblasts the inactivation of MAP kinase in these epitheloid cells is rapid and is not dependent on synthesis of new protein. These results indicate that the induction of CL100 (or CL100-like enzymes) may not be required for MAP kinase inactivation in all cell types. Finally, during early embryogenesis, levels of XCL100 mRNA are greatly increased at the mid-blastula transition, suggesting that this enzyme may be involved in the regulation of MAP kinase activity during early development.

An interferon regulatory factor-related gene (xIRF-6) is expressed in the posterior mesoderm during the early development of Xenopus laevis

Gene ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 203 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seigo Hatada ◽  
Makoto Kinoshita ◽  
Shuji Takahashi ◽  
Reina Nishihara ◽  
Hirofumi Sakumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Interferon Regulatory Factor ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Regulatory Factor
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