scholarly journals Collagenous bone matrix-induced endochondral ossification hemopoiesis.

1976 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
A H Reddi ◽  
W A Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Endochondral Ossification ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Fibroblast Cell ◽  
Fibrin Clot ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Diaphyseal Bone ◽  
Collagenous Matrix

Transplantation of collagenous matrix from the rat diaphyseal bone to subcutaneous sites resulted in new bone formation by an endochondral sequence. Functional bone marrow develops within the newly formed ossicle. On day 1, the implanted matrix was a discrete conglomerate with fibrin clot and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. By day 3, the leukocytes disappeared, and this event was followed by migration and close apposition of fibroblast cell surface to the collagenous matrix. This initial matrix-membrane interaction culminated in differentiation of fibroblasts to chondroblasts and osteoblasts. The calcification of the hypertrophied chondrocytes and new bone formation were correlated with increased alkaline phosphatase activity and 45Ca incorporation. The ingrowth of capillaries on day 9 resulted in chondrolysis and osteogenesis. Further remodelling of bony trabeculae by osteoclasts resulted in an ossicle of cancellous bone. This was followed by emergence of extravascular islands of hemocytoblasts and their differentiation into functional bone marrow with erythropoietic and granulopoietic elements and megakaryocytes in the ossicle. The onset and maintenance of erythropoiesis in the induced bone marrow were monitored by 59Fe incorporation into protein-bound heme. These findings imply a role for extracellular collagenous matrix in cell differentiation.

scholarly journals Topical co‐administration of zoledronate with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 can induce and maintain bone formation in the bone marrow environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Ueyama ◽  
Yoichi Ohta ◽  
Yuuki Imai ◽  
Akinobu Suzuki ◽  
Ryo Sugama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Precursor Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Left Femur

Abstract Background Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) induce osteogenesis in various environments. However, when BMPs are used alone in the bone marrow environment, the maintenance of new bone formation is difficult owing to vigorous bone resorption. This is because BMPs stimulate the differentiation of not only osteoblast precursor cells but also osteoclast precursor cells. The present study aimed to induce and maintain new bone formation using the topical co-administration of recombinant human BMP-2 (rh-BMP-2) and zoledronate (ZOL) on beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) composite. Methods β-TCP columns were impregnated with both rh-BMP-2 (30 µg) and ZOL (5 µg), rh-BMP-2 alone, or ZOL alone, and implanted into the left femur canal of New Zealand white rabbits (n = 56). The implanted β-TCP columns were harvested and evaluated at 3 and 6 weeks after implantation. These harvested β-TCP columns were evaluated radiologically using plane radiograph, and histologically using haematoxylin/eosin (H&E) and Masson’s trichrome (MT) staining. In addition, micro-computed tomography (CT) was performed for qualitative analysis of bone formation in each group (n = 7). Results Tissue sections stained with H&E and MT dyes revealed that new bone formation inside the β-TCP composite was significantly greater in those impregnated with both rh-BMP-2 and ZOL than in those from the other experimental groups at 3 and 6 weeks after implantations (p < 0.05). Micro-CT data also demonstrated that the bone volume and the bone mineral density inside the β-TCP columns were significantly greater in those impregnated with both rh-BMP-2 and ZOL than in those from the other experimental groups at 3 and 6 weeks after implantations (p < 0.05). Conclusions The topical co-administration of both rh-BMP-2 and ZOL on β-TCP composite promoted and maintained newly formed bone structure in the bone marrow environment.

Tissue Engineering of Bone by Osteoinductive Biomaterials

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 36-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugo Ripamonti ◽  
Nicolaas Duneas
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Demineralized Bone Matrix ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Mesenchymal Cells ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Type I ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Demineralized Bone

Recent advances in materials science and biotechnology have given birth to the new and exciting field of tissue engineering, in which the two normally disparate fields are merging into a profitable matrimony. In particular the use of biomaterials capable of initiating new bone formation via a process called osteoinduction is leading to quantum leaps for the tissue engineering of bone.The classic work of Marshall R. Urist and A. Hari Reddi opened the field of osteoinductive biomaterials. Urist discovered that, upon implantation of devitalized, demineralized bone matrix in the muscle of experimental animals, new bone formation occurs within two weeks, a phenomenon he described as bone formation by induction. The tissue response elicited by implantation of demineralized bone matrix in muscle or under the skin includes activation and migration of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells by chemotaxis, anchoragedependent cell attachment to the matrix, mitosis and proliferation of mesenchymal cells, differentiation of cartilage, mineralization of the cartilage, vascular invasion of the cartilage, differentiation of osteoblasts and deposition of bone matrix, and finally mineralization of bone and differentiation of marrow in the newly developed ossicle.The osteoinductive ability of the extracellular matrix of bone is abolished by the dissociative extraction of the demineralized matrix, but is recovered when the extracted component, itself inactive, is reconstituted with the inactive residue—mainly insoluble collagenous bone matrix. This important experiment showed that the osteoinductive signal resides in the solubilized component but needs to be reconstituted with an appropriate carrier to restore the osteoinductive activity. In this case, the carrier is the insoluble collagenous bone matrix—mainly crosslinked type I collagen.

scholarly journals The use of solvent-preserved human and bovine cancellous bone blocks for lateral defect augmentation - an experimental controlled study in vivo

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Schorn ◽  
Tim Fienitz ◽  
Kathrin Berndsen ◽  
Norbert R. Kübler ◽  
Henrik Holtmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Bone Substitute ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Human Bone ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Substitute Material ◽  
Substitute Material

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to compare new bone formation, resorbed bone matrix, and fibrous enclosed residual bone substitute material in laterally augmented alveolar bone defects using allogeneic, pre-treated and cleaned human bone blocks (tested in dogs, therefore considered to be xenogeneic), and pre-treated and cleaned bovine cancellous bone blocks, both with and without a collagen membrane in order to evaluate their augmentative potential. Methods Thirty-two critical size horizontal defects were prepared in the mandible of 4 adult foxhound dogs (8 per dog, 4 on each side). After 3 months of healing, the defects were laterally augmented in a split-mouth-design with either human (HXB) or bovine solvent-preserved bone blocks (BXB). Afterwards, defects were randomly covered with a bovine collagenous membrane (HXB + M, BXB + M). After a healing interval of 6 months, percentages of new bone formation, resorbed bone matrix, and fibrous enclosed residual bone substitute material were compared. Results Results showed little new bone formation of up to 3.7 % in human bone blocks (HXB 3.7 % ± 10.2, HXB + M 0.3 %± 0.4, BXB, 0.1 % ± 0.8, BXB + M 2.6 % ± 3.2, p = > 0.05). Percentages of fibrous encapsulation were higher in human bone blocks than in bovine bone blocks (HXB 71.2 % ± 8.6, HXB + M 73.71 % ± 10.6, BXB, 60.5 % ± 27.4, BXB + M 52.5 % ± 28.4, p = > 0.05). Resorption rates differed from 44.8 % in bovine bone blocks covered with a membrane to 17.4 % in human bone blocks (HXB 17.4 % ± 7.4, HXB + M 25.9 % ± 10.7, BXB, 38.4 % ± 27.2, BXB + M 44.8 % ± 29.6, p = > 0.05). The use of additional membranes did not significantly affect results. Conclusions Within its limitations, results of this study suggest that solvent-preserved xenogenic human and bovine bone blocks are not suitable for lateral bone augmentation in dogs. Furthermore, defect coverage with a membrane does not positively affect the outcome.

scholarly journals New Bone Formation in Tuberculous-Infected Vertebral Body Defect after Administration of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells in Rabbit Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Jabir Rahyussalim ◽  
Tri Kurniawati ◽  
Nurjati Chairani Siregar ◽  
Agus Syahrurachman ◽  
Ismail Hadisubroto Dilogo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Vertebral Body ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Stromal Cells ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Marrow Stromal Cells ◽  
New Bone Formation

Myeloma Cells Switch Osteoblastogenesis to Adipogenesis and Suppress Bone Formation

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. 3386-3386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Yang ◽  
Zhiqiang Liu ◽  
Huan Liu ◽  
Jin He ◽  
Pei Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Osteoblast Differentiation ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Myeloma Cells ◽  
Dickkopf 1

Abstract Bone destruction is a hallmark of myeloma, and has a severe impact on patients’ quality of life and survival. Unfortunately, current treatment only offers moderate palliative effects, and this disease remains incurable. The bone changes in myeloma patients results from increased osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and decreased osteoblast-mediated bone formation. In particular, new bone formation that usually occurs at sites of previously resorbed bones is deeply suppressed; as a result, areas of bone destruction rarely heal. Previous studies have shown that myeloma cells inhibit osteoblast differentiation from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and the Wnt/b-catenin signaling pathway is suppressed via myeloma-produced Wnt antagonists such as dickkopf-1. However, the role of dickkopf-1 in myeloma-induced inhibition of bone formation remains controversial since myeloma cells alone do not produce sufficient dickkopf-1 to suppress osteoblast differentiation. In addition, the administration of an antibody against dickkopf-1 in myeloma patients failed to restore new bone formation, indicating there must be an additional mechanism for inhibition of osteoblast differentiation seen in myeloma. While MSCs can differentiate into mature osteoblasts, they are also capable of differentiating into adipocytes, which is a major cell type in marrow stroma. We observed that myeloma cells (cell lines and primary cells isolated from myeloma patients’ bone marrow) injected into human or mouse bone not only reduced osteoblast number, but also increased adipocyte number and activity in bone marrow. Similar observations were seen in the clinical setting where collections of adipocytes were found in the bone marrow of newly diagnosed, untreated myeloma patients. Patients with greater bone destruction had higher adipocyte numbers than those in patients with less bone destruction, indicating a relationship among myeloma cells, adipogenesis, and osteoblastogenesis. We hypothesized that inhibition of osteoblast differentiation is a consequence of myeloma-dependent alterations in the control of the MSCs’ fate into osteoblasts or into adipocytes. In our studies, we co-cultured MSCs with myeloma cells in a mixed medium (that contained both adipocyte and osteoblast media), and we observed co-culture with myeloma cells induced more adipocyte than osteoblast formation. Moreover, co-culture with myeloma cells enhanced adipocyte differentiation in vitro. Interestingly, separation of the cells by transwell inserts significantly reduced such effect. By analysis of the adhesion molecules in myeloma cells, we identified integrin α4β1 as a novel contributor in regulation of adipogenesis and osteoblastogenesis. Thus, our studies indicate that in the presence of myeloma cells, MSCs may be more prone to differentiate into adipocytes than into osteoblasts via α4β1. Our studies also suggest the development of new strategies to improve the care of myeloma patients with bone destruction by targeting α4β1 and its signaling pathways. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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