scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF LIGHT MEROMYOSIN PARACRYSTALS DERIVED FROM RED, WHITE, AND CARDIAC MUSCLE MYOSINS

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 883-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nakamura ◽  
F. Sreter ◽  
J. Gergely
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Staining Pattern ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Cardiac Muscles

Tryptic and chymotryptic light meromyosin paracrystals from red and cardiac muscles of rabbit show a negative and positive staining pattern with uranyl acetate and phosphotungstate that sharply differs from that of white muscle light meromyosin paracrystals. The main periodicity of about 430 A is the same regardless of the source of light meromyosin. The results are discussed in terms of the molecular structure and the functional properties of various myosins.

Activity of Plasmin and Streptokinase-Activator on Substituted Arginine and Lysine Esters

1966 ◽  
Vol 16 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 018-031 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sherry ◽  
Norma Alkjaersig ◽  
A. P Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Hydrolytic Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand

SummaryComparative studies have been made of the esterase activity of plasmin and the streptokinase-activator of plasminogen on a variety of substituted arginine and lysine esters. Human plasmin preparations derived by different methods of activation (spontaneous in glycerol, trypsin, streptokinase (SK) and urokinase) are similar in their esterase activity; this suggests that the molecular structure required for such esterase activity is similar for all of these human plasmins. Bovine plasmin, on the other hand, differs from human plasmin in its activity on several of the substrates studied (e.g., the methyl esters of benzoyl arginine and tosyl, acetyl and carbobenzoxy lysine), a finding which supports the view that molecular differences exist between the two animal plasmins. The streptokinase-activator hydrolyzes both arginine and lysine esters but the ratios of hydrolytic activity are distinct from those of plasmin and of other activators of plasminogen. The use of benzoyl arginine methyl ester as a substrate for the measurement of the esterase activity of the streptokinase-activator is described.

scholarly journals Repeated social defeat exaggerates fibrin-rich clot formation in FeCl3-induced arterial thrombosis mouse model by enhancing NETs formation via modulation of neutrophil functional properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Sugimoto ◽  
H Yamada ◽  
H Kubota ◽  
D Miyawaki ◽  
M Saburi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Arterial Thrombosis ◽  
Social Defeat ◽  
Arterial Injury ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Clot Formation ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Double Positive ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background and objective Depression is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We have recently shown that repeated social defeat (RSD) precipitates depressive-like behaviors in apoE−/− mice and exaggerates atherosclerosis development by enhancing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation. Here, we investigated the impact of RSD on arterial thrombosis. Methods and results Eight-week-old male WT mice were exposed to RSD by housing with a larger CD-1 mouse in a shared home cage. They were subjected to vigorous physical contact daily for 10 consecutive days. Control mice were housed in the same gage without physical contact. After social interaction test to confirm depressive-like behaviors, defeated mice (19 of 31) and control mice (12 of 14) were underwent arterial injury at 10 wks of age. A filter paper saturated with 10% FeCl3 was applied on the adventitial surface of left carotid artery for 3 min and analyzed 3 hrs later. The volume of thrombi was comparable between the two groups. However, fibrinogen/fibrin-positive areas in immunofluorescent images significantly increased in defeated mice (27.8% vs. 48.8%, p<0.01). The number of Ly-6G-positive cells in thrombi was markedly higher in defeated mice (144/mm2 vs. 878/mm2, p<0.05). Further, Ly-6G-positive cells were almost accumulated at the inner surface of injured artery, which were co-localized with neutrophil elastase, Cit-H3, and CD41-positive staining. Treatment with DNase I completely diminished the exaggerated fibrin-rich clot formation in defeated mice to an extent similar to that in control mice (25.7% vs. 22.3%, p = ns), without affecting the volume of thrombi and accumulation of Ly-6G-positive cells. Given that platelet aggregations induced by ADP or collagen were comparable between the two groups, neutrophil functional properties primarily contribute to the exaggerated fibrin-rich clot formation in defeated mice. We then examined neutrophil subset and vulnerability to NETs formation. At 3 hrs after FeCl3 application, the numbers of immature neutrophils (Ly6Glo/+CXCR2-) were comparable between the two groups in both bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB). In contrast, the number of PB mature neutrophils (Ly6G+CXCR2+) was markedly higher in defeated mice than control mice (580±68 /μl vs. 1265±114, p<0.01). We next examined in vitro NETs formation upon PMA in BM mature neutrophils by FACS and nucleic acid staining. The percentage of double-positive cells (Cit-H3, MPO) was significantly higher in defeated mice (7.5% vs. 10.2%, p<0.05), as well as SYTOX green-positive cells expelling DNA fibers (8.1% vs. 11.8%, p<0.05). Conclusions Our findings demonstrate for the first time that repeated social defeat enhances fibrin-rich clot formation after arterial injury by enhancing NETs formation via modulation of neutrophil functional properties, suggesting that NETosis could be a new therapeutic target in depression-related CVD development. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Organic Semiconductors: Relating the Functional Properties of an Organic Semiconductor to Molecular Structure by nc-AFM (Adv. Mater. 20/2009)

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. NA-NA
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Burke ◽  
Jeffrey M. LeDue ◽  
Jessica M. Topple ◽  
Shawn Fostner ◽  
Peter Grütter
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Organic Semiconductors ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Organic Semiconductor

An Overview of the Molecular Structure and Functional Properties of the Hemoglobins of a Cold-Adapted Antarctic Teleost

1991 ◽  
pp. 15-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D’Avino ◽  
C. Caruso ◽  
L. Camardella ◽  
M. E. Schininà ◽  
B. Rutigliano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Cold Adapted

scholarly journals Molecular structure and expression of a new member of S100 protein family (S100C) from porcine cardiac muscle

1992 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Toshio Tanaka ◽  
Hisataka Ohta ◽  
Toshiva Sasaki ◽  
Michiko Haka ◽  
Osamu Hiranka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
S100 Protein ◽  
Protein Family

scholarly journals Actin-binding compounds, previously discovered by FRET-based high-throughput screening, differentially affect skeletal and cardiac muscle

2020 ◽  
Vol 295 (41) ◽  
pp. 14100-14110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyali Guhathakurta ◽  
Lien A. Phung ◽  
Ewa Prochniewicz ◽  
Sarah Lichtenberger ◽  
Anna Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Actin Binding ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Biochemical Assays ◽  
Numerous Cell ◽  
Cardiac Muscles ◽  
And Function

Actin's interactions with myosin and other actin-binding proteins are essential for cellular viability in numerous cell types, including muscle. In a previous high-throughput time-resolved FRET (TR-FRET) screen, we identified a class of compounds that bind to actin and affect actomyosin structure and function. For clinical utility, it is highly desirable to identify compounds that affect skeletal and cardiac muscle differently. Because actin is more highly conserved than myosin and most other muscle proteins, most such efforts have not targeted actin. Nevertheless, in the current study, we tested the specificity of the previously discovered actin-binding compounds for effects on skeletal and cardiac α-actins as well as on skeletal and cardiac myofibrils. We found that a majority of these compounds affected the transition of monomeric G-actin to filamentous F-actin, and that several of these effects were different for skeletal and cardiac actin isoforms. We also found that several of these compounds affected ATPase activity differently in skeletal and cardiac myofibrils. We conclude that these structural and biochemical assays can be used to identify actin-binding compounds that differentially affect skeletal and cardiac muscles. The results of this study set the stage for screening of large chemical libraries for discovery of novel compounds that act therapeutically and specifically on cardiac or skeletal muscle.

scholarly journals Relating the Functional Properties of an Organic Semiconductor to Molecular Structure by nc-AFM

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 2029-2033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Burke ◽  
Jeffrey M. LeDue ◽  
Jessica M. Topple ◽  
Shawn Fostner ◽  
Peter Grütter
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Organic Semiconductor

Biochemical analysis of L-type calcium channels from skeletal and cardiac muscle

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 1482-1488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balwant S. Tuana ◽  
Brian J. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Ligand Binding ◽  
Calcium Channel ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Phosphorylation Sites ◽  
Channel Activity ◽  
Pharmacological Agents

The development of specific pharmacological agents that modulate different types of ion channels has prompted an extensive effort to elucidate the molecular structure of these important molecules. The calcium channel blockers that specifically modulate the L-type calcium channel activity have aided in the purification and reconstitution of this channel from skeletal muscle transverse tubules. The L-type calcium channel from skeletal muscle is composed of five subunits designated α1, α2, β, γ, and σ. The α1-subunit is the pore-forming polypeptide and contains the ligand binding and phosphorylation sites through which channel activity can be modulated. The role of the other subunits in channel function remains to be studied. The calcium channel components have also been partially purified from cardiac muscle. The channel consists of at least three subunits that have properties related to the subunits of the calcium channel from skeletal muscle. A core polypeptide that can form a channel and contains ligand binding and phosphorylation sites has been identified in cardiac preparations. Here we summarize recent biochemical and molecular studies describing the structural features of these important ion channels.Key words: dihydropyridine receptor, calcium channel, muscle, molecular structure.

scholarly journals Effects of photoperiod and feeding level on adipose tissue and muscle lipoprotein lipase activity and mRNA level in dry non-pregnant sheep

2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Faulconnier ◽  
M. Bonnet ◽  
F. Bocquier ◽  
C. Leroux ◽  
Y. Chilliard
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Pregnant Sheep ◽  
Cardiac Muscles ◽  
Glycerol 3 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of photoperiod and feeding level on lipid metabolism in ovine perirenal and subcutaneous adipose tissues (AT) and in skeletal and cardiac muscles. Twenty dry non-pregnant ovariectomised ewes were divided into two groups and subjected to either 8 h or 16 h light/d, and underfed at 22 % energy requirements for 7 d. Half of the ewes in each group were slaughtered and the remaining ewes were refed at 190 % energy requirements for 14 d, until slaughtering. Refeeding increased (2.6–4.3-fold) malic enzyme (ME), fatty acid synthase (FAS), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) activities in subcutaneous AT as well as lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in perirenal (3.5-fold) and subcutaneous (10-fold) AT and to a lesser extent (1.4-fold) in the skeletal longissimus thoracis and cardiac muscles. Moreover, variations of LPL mRNA level followed variations of LPL activity: refeeding increased perirenal AT- and cardiac muscle-mRNA levels (7.4- and 2-fold respectively). The main finding of this study is that, for a given level of food intake, long days (compared with short days) increased the LPL activity in the longissimus thoracis muscle and, in refed ewes, the activities of LPL and ME in subcutaneous AT. Furthermore, long days increased LPL mRNA level in cardiac muscle and perirenal AT. Thus, our results show that there are direct effects of photoperiod on sheep AT lipogenic potential, as well as on muscle LPL activity, which are not caused by changes in nutrient availability.

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