scholarly journals DETECTION OF COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES IN THE GOLGI APPARATUS OF RAT CELLS

1969 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rambourg ◽  
W. Hernandez ◽  
C. P. Leblond
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Chromic Acid ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Cell Coat ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff

Two methods used for the electron microscopic detection of glycoproteins were applied to a variety of cell types in the rat; one involved successive treatment of sections with periodic acid, chromic acid, and silver methenamine; and the other, a brief treatment with a chromic acid-phosphotungstic acid mixture. The results obtained with the two methods were identical and, whenever the comparison was possible, similar to those obtained with the periodic acid-Schiff technique of light microscopy. In secretory as well as in nonsecretory cells, parts of the Golgi apparatus are stained. The last saccule on one side of each Golgi stack is strongly reactive (mature face), and the last saccule on the other side shows little or no reactivity (immature face); a gradient of reactivity occurs in between these saccules. The more likely explanation of the increase in staining intensity is that carbohydrate is synthesized and accumulates in saccules as they migrate toward the mature face. In many secretory cells, the mature face is associated with strongly stained secretory granules. Other structures stained are: (1) small vesicles, dense and multivesicular bodies, at least some of which are presumed to be lysosomal in nature; (2) cell coat; and (3) basement membrane. The evidence suggests that the Golgi saccules provide glycoproteins not only for secretion, but also for the needs of the lysosomal system as well as for incorporation into the cell coat and perhaps basement membrane.

Pituitary Adenomas that Produce Adrenocorticotropic Hormone and A-Subunit: Clinicopathological, Immunohistochemical, Ultrastructural, and Immunoelectron Microscopic Studies in Nine Cases

Neurosurgery ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn K. Berg ◽  
Bernd W. Scheithauer ◽  
Ignacio Felix ◽  
Kalman Kovacs ◽  
Eva Horvath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Preoperative Evaluation ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Double Labeling ◽  
Corticotroph Adenoma ◽  
A Subunit ◽  
Corticotroph Adenomas

Abstract Eight surgical and one autopsy specimen of pituitary adenomas (six cases of Cushing's disease, two of Nelson's syndrome. and one of hypopituitarism) were studied by histochemical, immunohistocytological, and ultrastructural methods. Eight tumors showed the characteristic histochemical profile of corticotroph adenoma—amphophilic to basophilic, and periodic acid-Schiff-positive to some extent. In all tumors, immunohistochemical studies revealed adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and à-subunit in the cytoplasm of some adenoma cells. By electron microscopy, seven tumors were found to be monomorphous; six were typical corticotroph adenomas and one was a subtype II silent corticotroph adenoma. One unique lesion was bimorphous—i.e., composed of corticotrophs as well as cells resembling glycoprotein cells. Immunoelectron microscopy by the double-labeling immunogold technique, performed on one corticotroph adenoma, demonstrated the presence of ACTH and à-subunit not only within the same adenoma cells but also within the same secretory granules. The cytogenesis of ACTH à-subunit tumors, a rare form of plurihormonal adenoma. remains to be elucidated. The duration of disease associated with these tumors exceeded the duration in patients with ordinary corticotroph adenomas. Given the low frequency with which increases in serum à-subunit are detectable in patients with such tumors—13% in this series—hormone production is not recognized at preoperative evaluation.

Histologic and Immunohistochemical Studies of Granular Cell Tumors in Seven Dogs, Three Cats, One Horse, and One Bird

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Patnaik
Keyword(s):  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
Granular Cell ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intracranial Meningioma ◽  
Surgical Biopsy ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Rhabdoid Cells ◽  
Eosinophilic Cytoplasm

In a retrospective study, granular cell tumors in six dogs (Nos. 1–6), three cats (Nos. 1–3), one horse (No. 1), and one cockatiel ( Nymphicus hollandicus) (No. 1) and a meningioma with a granular cell component in one dog (No. 7) were examined histologically and immunohistochemically. These tumors were identified by histologic examination of surgical biopsy specimens, except in the horse, in which the tumor was an incidental finding at necropsy. These diagnoses were initially made by more than one pathologist. Five of the six granular cell tumors in the dogs were in the oral cavity; one of these was in the maxillary gingiva of a 6-month-old puppy. The tumors in the cats were located in the tongue, vulva, and digit. The tumor in the horse was in the lung, and the tumor in the cockatiel was in the periocular tissue. Histologically, all granular cell tumors were characterized by oval to polygonal cells of various sizes. The cells had abundant, pale, eosinophilic cytoplasm with distinct intracytoplasmic granules, distinct cell margins, and mostly central nuclei. In the dogs, the gingival tumor had a large amount of collagen tissue, the tumor in the tongue had dilated blood vessels, and the maxillary tumor in the puppy was more cellular than the other tumors. The tumors in the cats were more anaplastic than the other tumors; one, located in the digit, was considered malignant. The granules in all of the tumors stained with periodic acid-Schiff and were diastase resistant. On staining with Luxol fast blue, the granules of all tumors stained different shades of pink, with the exception of the tumor in the tongue of a cat, which stained bluish green. Immunocytochemically, all tumors except the tumor in the cockatiel reacted against antibodies to vimentin. The granular cell tumor in the lung of the horse and the intracranial meningioma in a dog reacted to the antibody S-100 protein; the tumor in the horse reacted to neuron-specific enolase; tumors in two dogs (gingiva and skin) reacted to L-antitrypsin, and the maxillary tumor also reacted to lysozyme; the malignant tumor in the digit of a cat and the periocular tumor in the cockatiel reacted to muscle common actin and actin; the tumor in the cockatiel also reacted to desmin. Results of these immunocytochemical studies suggest that granular cell tumors, like tumors composed of rhabdoid cells, clear cells, and oncocytes, can have similar morphologic features but be of different cellular origins.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL AND CYTOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE HOLOCRINE CELLS IN THE EPIDIDYMIS OF THE MOUSE

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 628-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAN MARTAN ◽  
JOHN M. ALLEN
Keyword(s):  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
Central Nucleus ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Highly Active

Holocrine secretory cells have been identified in the epithelium of the epididymal canal of the mouse. These cells develop from basal cells. During their differentiation they grow toward the lumen of the epididymal canal and come to form club-shaped structures with an expanded apical portion, a central nucleus and a thin stalk-like connection to the basement membrane. Mature holocrine cells are characterized by their high acid phosphatase and aliesterase activity. They also are highly active for succinic dehydrogenase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide diaphorase, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase. Nucleoside diphosphatase, thiamine pyrophosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, and alkaline nucleoside phosphatase are also found in these cells. These cells are also characterized by their reactivity with the Aoyama and periodic acid-Schiff reactions. They react moderately with the molybdate and Luxol Fast Blue MBS reactions for choline containing compounds. Mature holocrine cells may disintegrate in situ or may be discharged in toto into the lumen of the epididymal canal. Glycerylphosphorylcholine was identified in extracts prepared from sperm-free epididymides of mice. Glycerylphosphorylcholine reacts with Aoyama and periodic acid-Schiff reactions as do mature holocrine cells. This fact coupled with the identification of choline containing material in holocrine cells suggests that they may be one site for the formation of glycerylphosphorylcholine.

scholarly journals Memoirs: Studies on the Golgi Apparatus in Gland-Cells

1926 ◽  
Vol s2-70 (279) ◽  
pp. 419-449
Author(s):  
ROBERT H. BOWEN
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Exact Relation ◽  
Cytological Evidence ◽  
Duplex System ◽  
Secretory Cycle ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Secretory Products

As a result of recent studies on secretory synthesis, the following conclusions have been reached : 1. Many gland-cells run through a regular ‘secretory cycle’, beginning with a small cell devoid of secretory granules, progressing through a period in which large numbers of granules are produced and terminating in an act of extrusion of the granules. The cycle may or may not be repeated according to the nature of the cell. 2. The Golgi apparatus is from the beginning present in all kinds of secretory cells, and during the secretory cycle becomes very greatly hypertrophied, establishing a volume in rough relation to that of the secretory products. 3. The topography and behaviour of the apparatus is different in different kinds of glands, but is roughly divisible into three general types characteristic of cells which produce serous, mucous, and lipoidal secretions. 4. The secretory granules make their first appearance only within the area delimited by the Golgi apparatus. 5. In a few cases relations have been made out which indicate that the secretory granules arise in close connexion with the Golgi material. 6. It is concluded that secretory granules are differentiated by the Golgi material, but that no direct transformation of the one into the other occurs such as was claimed by some authors in the case of the mitochondria. 7. It is suggested that the Golgi material is structurally homologous throughout the range of animal cells, and that the so-called idiosomic substance, sometimes associated with it, is to be looked upon as one phase of a duplex system in which the relative development of lipoidal and idiosomic substances may undergo considerable variation. 8. It is suggested that the relation between the Golgi apparatus and secretory granules is homologous to that existing between the Golgi apparatus and the developing acrosome of the animal sperm, and that our rather complete under standing of the latter phenomenon can thus be used as a basis for interpreting the much more obscure phenomena in the gland-cell. 9. No cytological evidence of the origin of secretory products from the nucleus receives any general acceptance at the present time. The nucleus can be considered as the source of secretions only in the indirect sense that it may possibly exercise some control over the process as a whole or may collaborate with other parts of the cell system in preparing materials for the actual synthetic operations of the Golgi apparatus. 10. The establishment of the views here developed must depend finally upon further critical evidence bearing upon the exact relation which exists between individual secretory granules and the Golgi complex.

scholarly journals Recurrent pyogenic granuloma: an update

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rami A. Al-shiaty ◽  
Bacem A. E. Ottoman
Keyword(s):  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Pyogenic Granuloma ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Fibrous Stroma ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Initial Appearance

<p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Background: </span></strong>Given the fierce controversy about the nature of pyogenic granulomas, starting with its unfitting name and ending up with its ideal treatment modality, this paper tries to numerically identify some predisposing factors of recurrence.</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Methods: </span></strong>The literature was initially reviewed and a total of twenty recurrent cases of pyogenic granuloma were contrasted, on one hand, to their initial appearance. On the other hand, all are contrasted to a similar number of normal mucosa using three histochemical stains: Alcian blue, periodic acid-Schiff and Masson’s trichrome.</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Results: </span></strong>For all recurrent lesions, all specimens showed myxoid structure histologically even if their initial appearance had possessed a sparse myxoid structure. The age of recurrence has been correlated to the histochemical findings. For the Alcian Blue stain (AB), the value of t-test was 3.808840. The pertaining value of P was 0.000593. The result was significant at P ≤0.05. For the PAS stain, the value of t-test was 3.640327. The value of P was 0.000871. The result was significant at P ≤0.05. In Masson’s trichrome staining, the value of t-test was 3.100816. The value of P was 0.002942. The result was significant at P ≤0.05. Accordingly, all stains showed significant difference in fibrous content in the initial and recurrent lesions. Conversely, the count of both endothelial vessels and inflammatory infiltrates in the recurrent lesions were significantly lower than the primary precursors.</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Conclusions: </span></strong>Given that collagen fibers are continually degraded and resynthesized while proteolytic degradation occur outside the cells through the activity of enzymes called  matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), it is suggested that MMPs -positively expressed by PAS reactions- account for the spacing of the fibrous stroma, allowing for reshaping the three dimensional structure of the connective tissue. Myxoid structures are certainly promoting recurrence either via excessive secretion of hyaluronic acids or unknown mechanisms. The undisputed fact is the presence of myxoid structures in all our reported recurrent cases. Both inflammatory cascade and endothelial proliferation have no vital role in the recurrence according to our morphometric results. Finally, PAS stain should give more details in examining PGs than the other recruited counterparts.</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Keywords: </span></strong><span lang="EN-US">Recurrent pyogenic granuloma, PAS stain, Myxoid structures, Etiopathogensis</span></p><p class="keywords"> </p>

Some Secretory Products of the Invasive Stage of a Digenetic Trematode

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
Paul L. Krupa ◽  
Arya K. Bal ◽  
Gilles H. Cousineau
Keyword(s):  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Digenetic Trematode ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Uniform Density ◽  
Acid Hydrolases ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Secretory Products

The fine structure of various gland cells and their secretory products was studied in the invasive stage (cercaria) of the platyhelminth parasite, Cryptocotyle lingua. Secretory granules or droplets occur in several different specialized cell types, but those that we call attention to here are found in the (1) surface cytoplasmic tegument or “cuticle”, (2) ducts of cephalic (penetration) glands, and (3) epithelial lining of the “excretory bladder”.The tegumental granules appear as numerous, membrane-bounded circular or oval profiles of uniform density (Fig. 1). They are scattered more or less randomly among mitochondria and other inclusion bodies of the tegument. Some of the longer granules, with a length to width ratio of about 7 to 1, have their long axes oriented perpendicularly to the surface plasma membrane of the parasite. In cercariae tested for acid hydrolases with sodium β-glycerophosphate in Barka and Anderson's modification of Gomori's medium, clumps of reaction product appear in the vicinity of the granules and elsewhere within the tegument, but not within the granules themselves. As granules that stain with periodic acid-Schiff, they are seen in certain subsurface gland cells as well as in the tegument under the light microscope.

Seasonal histochemistry of the renal sexual segment in male common water snakes, Nerodia sipedon (L.)

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1737-1740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Weil
Keyword(s):  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Bromphenol Blue ◽  
Nerodia Sipedon ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Active Season ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Water Snakes

The histochemistry of the renal sexual segment of male common water snakes, Nerodia sipedon (L.), was studied throughout the active season. This segment is hypertrophied in early spring and late autumn, coinciding with peaks in plasma androgen levels. Secretory granules, present in epithelial cells lining the kidney tubule lumen of the sexual segment, are most evident at these times. Granules stain most intensely with periodic acid – Schiff, Sudan black B, and Oil red O from snakes collected in early spring and nearly as strongly from snakes collected in late autumn. Mercuric bromphenol blue and the Millon reaction stain granules most intensely from autumn captured animals. Granules from midsummer animals stained weakly with all of the above stains. It is suggested that the renal sex segment secretion plays a dual role, one of sperm transport and capacitation (final sperm maturation in the female reproductive tract) in autumn and another related to sexual behavior in the spring.

scholarly journals SOME HISTOCHEMICAL OBSERVATIONS ON TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM OF MAN

1967 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 475-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
BENITO MONIS ◽  
HOWARD D. DORFMAN
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Normal Component ◽  
Free Cell ◽  
Transitional Epithelium ◽  
Colloidal Iron ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Mucous Coat

This report deals with a histochemical characterization of transitional epithelium of the urinary tract of man. The cytoplasm of cells of the innermost, luminal layer is distinctly stained by the periodic acid-Schiff procedure. Enhanced staining of the luminal border of these cells suggests the presence of a differentiation of the luminal surface ( surface mucous coat) which is selectively stained by Alcian Blue and colloidal iron. The alcianophilic surface mucous coat is seen in the innermost layer of transitional epithelial cells of the urinary tract extending from the area cribrosa down to the bladder. This indicates the presence of an acid mucinous component. Digestion with neuraminidase according to the procedure of Spicer and Warren demonstrates the presence of N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid) in the free cell surface of the luminal layer of transitional epithelium of man. There is abundant glycogen in transitional epithelium of man. A very characteristic basement membrane underlies transitional epithelium. It reacts with periodic acid-Schiff and often with Alcian Blue. The neuraminidase digestion does not alter the staining of basement membrane with Alcian Blue. This suggests the presence of a sialidase-resistant form of sialomucin or a sulfomucin in basement membrane. The presence of periodic acid-Schiff-positive, nondigestible granules closely corresponds to acid phosphatase-reactive granules, presumably lysosomes. Within the transitional epithelium there were lacunae which contained abundant sialomucins. These structures have been described in old textbooks of histology but do not seem to be a normal component of transitional epithelium. The significance of these structures is unknown.

Agarose plug instillation causes goblet cell metaplasia by activating EGF receptors in rat airways

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (1) ◽  
pp. L185-L192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heung-Man Lee ◽  
Kiyoshi Takeyama ◽  
Karim Dabbagh ◽  
James A. Lausier ◽  
Iris F. Ueki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Goblet Cell ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Egf Receptors ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Egfr Expression ◽  
Goblet Cell Metaplasia

We hypothesized that foreign bodies in airways cause inflammation leading to goblet cell metaplasia. Instilled agarose plugs lodged in the bronchi of pathogen-free rats caused a time-dependent increase in Alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff staining that was detected within 24 h and markedly increased at 72 h. Control bronchi contained no pregoblet or goblet cells, but plugged bronchi contained many pregoblet and goblet cells and a decrease in nongranulated secretory cells. In situ hybridization showed no expression of MUC5AC in control airways, but plugged airways showed a marked expression. Control bronchi showed sparse staining for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein, but plugged bronchi showed intense EGFR staining in the epithelium. Pretreatment with an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BIBX1522) prevented Alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff staining and MUC5AC gene expression in plugged bronchi. Pretreatment with tumor necrosis factor-α neutralizing antibody or pretreatment with cyclophosphamide abolished plug-induced EGFR protein expression and goblet cell metaplasia. Thus instillation of agarose plugs induces profound goblet cell metaplasia by causing EGFR expression and activation.

scholarly journals Distribution of basal lysosomes in exocrine acinar cells.

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 565-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Oliver ◽  
Y Yuasa
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Basal Region ◽  
Golgi Region ◽  
Basal Portion ◽  
Two Populations

We examined the distribution of trimetaphosphatase (TMPase)-positive basal lysosomes in pancreas, parotid, submandibular, sublingual, and exorbital lacrimal glands from rats, rabbits, and guinea pigs. The location of the basal lysosomes was compared to that of the acid phosphatase (AcPase)-positive lysosomes. In all of the tissues examined from rat and rabbit, AcPase activity was localized primarily to the Golgi region. Reaction product was localized in GERL, immature secretory granules, and lysosomes lying adjacent to the Golgi apparatus. TMPase activity was found in basal lysosomes and in occasional elongated lysosomes adjacent to the Golgi apparatus. In guinea pig, the distribution of TMPase activity was identical to that seen in the other two species, but a significant number of lysosomes in the basal region of the cells also contained AcPase activity. These results confirm and extend our previous finding (J Histochem Cytochem 31:1209, 1983) that exocrine acinar cells possess two distinct populations of lysosomes. The lysosomes in the Golgi region contain both AcPase and TMPase activity, whereas those in the basal portion of the cells are reactive predominantly for TMPase. The functional significance of the two populations of lysosomes is not understood at present.

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