scholarly journals Fine Structure of Changes Produced in Cultured Cells Sampled at Specified Intervals During a Single Growth Cycle of Polio Virus

1958 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Kallman ◽  
Robley C. Williams ◽  
Renato Dulbecco ◽  
Marguerite Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Culture Fluid ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Virus Release ◽  
Polio Virus ◽  
Proper Size ◽  
Suspended Cultures

Primary suspended cultures of rhesus monkey kidney cells were infected with poliomyelitis virus, type 1 (Brunhilde strain). The release of virus from these cells over a one-step growth curve was correlated with their change in fine structure, as seen in the electron microscope. Most of the cells were infected nearly simultaneously, and morphological changes developed in the cells were sufficiently synchronous to be classified into three stages. The earliest change (stage I) became visible at a time when virus release into the culture fluid begins, some 3 hours after adsorption. Accentuation of the abnormal characteristics soon occurs, at 4 to 7 hours after adsorption, and results in stage II. Stage III represents the appearance of cells after their rate of virus release had passed its maximum, and probably the abnormal morphology of these cells reflects non-specific physiological damage. There seems to be consistency between the previously described cellular changes as seen under the light microscope and the finer scale changes reported here. Cytoplasmic bodies, called U bodies, were seen in large number at the time when the virus release was the most rapid (stage II). While these bodies are not of proper size to be considered polio virus, they seem to be specifically related to the infection. No evidence was found for the presence of particles that could even be presumptively identified with those of polio virus.

scholarly journals BIOCHEMICAL STUDY OF CELLULAR ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY REACTION IN TISSUE CULTURE

1960 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideo Hayashi ◽  
Akira Tokuda ◽  
Keiji Udaka
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Biochemical Study ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Culture Fluid ◽  
Golgi Bodies ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Protease Activation ◽  
Antibody Reaction ◽  
Antigen Antibody

The correlation between morphological and biochemical changes produced by the antigen-antibody reaction was studied in cultures of tissue monocytes taken from sensitized animals. The cells were grown under conditions which allowed collection of samples from the culture fluid as well as microscopic observation. Introduction of the antigen into the culture medium causes rapid release of a protease characterized by its susceptibility to sulfhydryl block and its optimum pH in the neutral range. Protease activation occurs simultaneously with morphological changes in the cytoplasm of the cultured cells. Delayed changes affecting the mitochondria and Golgi bodies appear after the peak of the proteolytic reaction and may be secondary to it. The gradual inactivation of the protease observed in the course of the antigen-antibody reaction will be discussed in a separate paper.

Interactions between pox viruses

1962 ◽  
Vol 156 (964) ◽  
pp. 388-414 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Present State ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Cell Interactions ◽  
Considerable Part ◽  
Virus Group ◽  
Host Cell Interactions ◽  
Prototype Virus

In recent years several distinguished virologists who have delivered this lecture have expressed doubts about the validity of including viruses among van Leeuwenhoek’s ‘animalicules’. I share their doubts, but justify my presence here on the grounds that microscopy of a relatively sophisticated type has played a considerable part in the elucidation of several of the problems I will discuss today; and Leeuwenhoek was primarily a microscopist, interested in the fine structure of all natural objects. My predecessors among the animal virologists have ranged over such broad fields as ‘The place of viruses in nature’, ‘Virus-host cell interactions’ and ‘The dynamics of viral functions’. I have chosen a more limited topic, the interactions between pox viruses, and I will preface my account of this with a brief survey of the present state of knowledge of the pox-virus group and the growth cycle of the prototype virus, vaccinia, in cultured cells.

Uultrastructure of Microtubules

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 252-253
Author(s):  
Ariaki Nagayama
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Confluent Monolayer ◽  
Purification Method ◽  
Vinca Rosea ◽  
L Cells ◽  
Antimitotic Activity ◽  
Monolayer Cultures ◽  
Rapid Purification

Vinblastine(Vb) or vincristine, alkaloid derived from Vinca rosea is known for its antimitotic activity by regrouping of microtubules into paracrystalline form within the cells. A rapid purification method of vinblastine-induced microtubular paracrystals(PC) has provided us with a fresh and pure microtubular material demonstrating the presence of a labile ATPase associated with the PC. The present report is concerned with the fine structure of purified microtubules of mammalian cultured cells.Confluent monolayer cultures of L cells were incubated for 20hrs with 10-5 M Vb (donated from Shionogi Seiyaku & Co., Osaka, Japan).

Correlation Between Cellular Functions and Morphological Changes of Human Trophoblast in Vitro

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 600-601
Author(s):  
John C. Garancis ◽  
Robert O. Hussa ◽  
Michael T. Story ◽  
Donald Yorde ◽  
Roland A. Pattillo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Culture Fluid ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Human Trophoblast ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Marked Activity ◽  
Malignant Trophoblast

Human malignant trophoblast cells in continuous culture were incubated for 3 days in medium containing 1 mM N6-O2'-dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (dibutyryl cyclic AMP) and 1 mM theophylline. The culture fluid was replenished daily. Stimulated cultures secreted many times more chorionic gonadotropin and estrogens than did control cultures in the absence of increased cellular proliferation. Scanning electron microscopy revealed remarkable surface changes of stimulated cells. Control cells (not stimulated) were smooth or provided with varying numbers of microvilli (Fig. 1). The latter, usually, were short and thin. The surface features of stimulated cells were considerably different. There was marked increase of microvilli which appeared elongated and thick. Many cells were covered with confluent polypoid projections (Fig. 2). Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated marked activity of cytoplasmic organelles. Mitochondria were increased in number and size; some giant forms with numerous cristae were observed.

Growth factors and the primary cilium in BALB/c 3T3 cells

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 830-831
Author(s):  
R. W. Tucker ◽  
N. S. More ◽  
S. Jayaraman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Primary Cilium ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Calcium Ionophore ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Calcium Ionophore A23187 ◽  
Ionophore A23187 ◽  
3T3 Cells ◽  
Microtubule Depolymerization

The mechanisms by which polypeptide growth factors Induce DNA synthesis in cultured cells is not understood, but morphological changes Induced by growth factors have been used as clues to Intracellular messengers responsible for growth stimulation. One such morphological change has been the transient disappearance of the primary cilium, a “9 + 0” cilium formed by the perinuclear centriole in interphase cells. Since calcium ionophore A23187 also produced both mitogenesis and ciliary changes, microtubule depolymerization might explain ciliary disappearance monitored by indirect immunofluorescence with anti-tubulin antibody. However, complete resorption and subsequent reformation of the primary cilium occurs at mitosis, and might also account for ciliary disappearance induced by growth factors. To settle this issue, we investigated the ultrastructure of the primary cilium using serial thin-section electron microscopy of quiescent BALB/c 3T3 cells before and after stimulation with serum.

scholarly journals Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. Correlation of biochemical events with morphological changes in asporogeneous mutants

1970 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Waites ◽  
D. Kay ◽  
I. W. Dawes ◽  
D. A. Wood ◽  
S. C. Warren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Biochemical Marker ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Glucose Dehydrogenase ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Stage Iii

A comparison was made of morphological changes and successive, mainly biochemical, marker events for sporulation in 14 asporogenous mutants. The morphological and biochemical sequences are linked so that arrested development in one is accompanied by corresponding effects in the other. Thus mutants that fail to produce both protease and antibiotic do not progress beyond stage 0, formation of alkaline phosphatase appears to be associated with the transition from stage II to stage III and glucose dehydrogenase with that from stage III to stage IV. Stage II mutants may produce `pygmy' cells or other bizarre cell-division forms. The biochemical sequence is dependent in the sense that if the occurrence of any one event is blocked that of all the succeeding events is also blocked. This has implications for biochemical models that have been proposed to explain the temporal sequence observed in spore development.

scholarly journals Use of a fluorescent probe to assess the activities of candidate agents against intracellular forms of Encephalitozoon microsporidia.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
G J Leitch ◽  
M Scanlon ◽  
A Shaw ◽  
G S Visvesvara ◽  
S Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Host Cell ◽  
Fluorescent Probe ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Parasitophorous Vacuole ◽  
Detectable Effect ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Encephalitozoon Intestinalis ◽  
Infected Cells

Microsporidia are obligate intracellular protozoan parasites. Three species of the genus Encephalitozoon are among the microsporidia that infect immunodeficient humans. These species, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, Encephalitozoon hellem, and Encephalitozoon intestinalis, all develop in a parasitophorous vacuole within a host cell. The present study describes a method that uses the fluorescent probe calcein and confocal microscopy to detect drug-induced effects in Encephalitozoon-infected green monkey kidney cells. The effects were as follows: (i) changes in parasite organization within the parasitophorous vacuole; (ii) swelling and gross morphological changes of parasite developing stages in situ; (iii) killing of developing parasite stages in situ, detected by their uptake of the fluorescent probe; and (iv) reduction in the viability of the host cell population, assessed by the loss of the probe. Verapamil and itraconazole were used to increase the vital dye loading by both uninfected and infected cells. Agents with known antimicrosporidial activity, albendazole and fumagillin, caused all three types of parasite changes at concentrations that had no detectable effect on host cell viability. The effective doses of albendazole and fumagillin that caused swelling and disorganization of parasite developing stages were 5 x 10(-7) and 10(-6) M respectively. Killing of developing stages was detected at 10-fold-higher concentrations for these agents and at 10(-5) M for metronidazole. This method can be used to screen candidate antimicrosporidial agents in infected cultured cells.

scholarly journals INTERACTION OF HISTOCOMPATIBILITY (HL-A) ANTIBODIES AND COMPLEMENT WITH SYNCHRONIZED HUMAN LYMPHOID CELLS IN CONTINUOUS CULTURE

1973 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ferrone ◽  
N. R. Cooper ◽  
M. A. Pellegrino ◽  
R. A. Reisfeld
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Culture ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Antigen Expression ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Cell Surface Markers ◽  
Complement Components ◽  
The Complement System

The interaction of histocompatibility (HL-A) antibodies and complement with synchronized human lymphoid cells in continuous culture has been investigated. The sensitivity of cultured lymphoid cells to HL-A antibody-mediated lysis in the cytotoxic test, the extent of activation of the complement system, the degree to which labeled complement components are bound, and the ability of these cells to absorb HL-A alloantibodies do not vary significantly during the cell growth cycle. The constancy of histocompatibility antigen expression throughout the growth cycle of cultured cells suggests that these cell surface markers are an essential part of membrane cytoarchitecture and could well play a critical role in determining the normal function of the cell membrane.

Morphological changes during the growth cycle of axenic and monoxenic Tetrahymena pyriformis

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 2011-2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Taylor ◽  
Michael A. Gates ◽  
Jacques Berger
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Food Limitation ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Tetrahymena Pyriformis ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Exponential Phase ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Axenic Medium ◽  
Morphological Differences

Morphometric data were collected from Tetrahymena pyriformis (WH-14, syngen I, mating type II) grown in two different media, one axenic and one monoxenic (with Serratia marcescens), at various times during the growth cycle. Stationary phase cells differed morphometrically from exponential phase cells in different ways in the two media. It is proposed that, in the monoxenic medium, division stopped because the food resource was depleted, while in the axenic medium division was blocked before food limitation occurred.Cells in the two culture media showed consistent morphological differences during exponential phase, the axenic cells being larger (length and width), but having smaller (in length) mouths. Significant differences between cells in replicate experiments were frequently observed.

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