scholarly journals Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. Correlation of biochemical events with morphological changes in asporogeneous mutants

1970 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Waites ◽  
D. Kay ◽  
I. W. Dawes ◽  
D. A. Wood ◽  
S. C. Warren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Biochemical Marker ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Glucose Dehydrogenase ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Stage Iii

A comparison was made of morphological changes and successive, mainly biochemical, marker events for sporulation in 14 asporogenous mutants. The morphological and biochemical sequences are linked so that arrested development in one is accompanied by corresponding effects in the other. Thus mutants that fail to produce both protease and antibiotic do not progress beyond stage 0, formation of alkaline phosphatase appears to be associated with the transition from stage II to stage III and glucose dehydrogenase with that from stage III to stage IV. Stage II mutants may produce `pygmy' cells or other bizarre cell-division forms. The biochemical sequence is dependent in the sense that if the occurrence of any one event is blocked that of all the succeeding events is also blocked. This has implications for biochemical models that have been proposed to explain the temporal sequence observed in spore development.

Adsorption of Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage PBS 1

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Wilson ◽  
I. Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Phage Particle ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Adsorption Site ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Tail Sheath ◽  
Phage Dna

Bacteriophage PBS 1 adsorbs initially on the flagella of its host, Bacillus subtilis (stage I). The phage can adsorb to both active and inactive flagella. Flagellar attachment is nonspecific as PBS 1 was shown to attach to the flagella of Bacillus species other than the normal host, B. subtilis. The phage particle then quickly moves down the length of the flagellum to its base, the final adsorption site. Flagellar motion is required for flagellar base attachment (stage II). After proper attachment at the flagellar base, the phage tail sheath contracts sending the tail core through the final adsorption site (stage III). The phage DNA is then injected at this site (stage IV). Stage I adsorption does not cause loss of motility in PBS 1 – resistant bacilli. The loss of motility observed upon infection of sensitive cells by PBS 1 may be associated with either stage II or stage III of adsorption.

scholarly journals Long-term Outcome in Children with Wilms’ Tumor; Experience of a Single Center for Two Decades

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leily Mohajerzadeh ◽  
Ahmad Khaleghnejad ◽  
Mohsen Rouzrokh ◽  
Shahin Shamsian ◽  
Javad Ghoroubi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Tumor Study ◽  
The Mean

Background: Wilms’ tumor (nephroblastoma) is the major renal cancer in children. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the individuality of Wilms’ tumor and the consequences of management attained in our referral subspecialty center. Methods: In this study, we composed the data of children with Wilms’ tumor in 2 decades; 55 cases between 1992 and 2002 and 49 patients between 2006 and 2016 were diagnosed with Wilms’ tumor. Demographic characters, a form of presentation, tumor stage, related underlying disease, histopathology consequences, type of management, and the survival rates were assessed. Results: In the first decade, 24 patients were females and 31 were males (M/F = 1.2); in the other groups, 30 were females and 19 were males (M/F = 0.61). The mean age was 45.2 months at the time of diagnosis for the first group and the mean age was 36 months for the other group. In the first decade, the surgical stage after the operation was as follows: stage I (32.7%), stage II (16.36%), stage III (38.1%), stage IV (9%), and stage V (1.8%) who did not operate. In second decade, 49 patients were as follows: stage I (14.3%), stage II (40.8%), stage III (24.5%), stage IV (10.2%), and stage V (10.2%). In 54.5% of the first group, histology was favorable, and in 43.6% of the first group, histology was unfavorable; in the second group, 95.4% were the favorable type. The patients were managed based on protocols of the National Wilms’ Tumor Study. In the first decade, relapse-free was 71% and 4-year survival rates were estimated at 86%, and in the second decade, pulmonary metastasis was observed at 28.6%, liver metastasis in 2.3%, recurrence in 5%, and 4-year survival rates were estimated at 90%. Conclusions: This study demonstrated development in the management of children with Wilms’ tumor in recent 20 years, with comparable relapse-free and survival rates to the National Wilms’ Tumor study. But with more adjustment in treatment protocols, the superior outcome will be attainable.

Carboplatin and chlorambucil combination chemotherapy as treatment for patients with ovarian cancer

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
B. D. Evans ◽  
P. Chapman ◽  
P. Dady ◽  
G. Forgeson ◽  
D. Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Small Volume ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Actuarial Survival ◽  
Moderate Volume ◽  
Grade Iii

Fifty-six patients with ovarian cancer (three stage IC, nine stage II, 33 stage III and II stage IV) were treated with carboplatin 350 mg m−2 i.v. day 1 and chlorambucil orally 0.15 mg kgm−1 days 1–7 inclusive, repeated every 28 days for eight courses. The regimen was well tolerated and was virtually free of nephro- and neurotoxicity. Grade III or IV hematology toxicity occurred in 18 patients but only 31 or 330 courses administered were delayed. Of 40 assessable patients eight achieved a clinical/radiologic complete response and 17 a clinical/radiologic partial response. Actuarial survival at 50 months was 65% for stage II patients, 27% for stage III patients and no stage IV patients survived beyond 20 months. Forty-two per cent of patients with residual disease less 2 cm survived 50 months, compared with 44% of patients with moderate volume (2–5 cm) residual disease and 6% of patients with bulk residual disease. This is an active, well tolerated regimen. However, only patients with small volume residual disease have a significant chance of prolonged survival.

scholarly journals The gravireceptor of Phycomyces. Its development following gravity exposure.

1984 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 845-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
D S Dennison ◽  
W Shropshire
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Early Exposure ◽  
Altered Gravity

The gravitropism of a mature stage IV Phycomyces sporangiophore has a shorter and more uniform latency if the sporangiophore is exposed horizontally to gravity during its earlier development (stage II and stage III). This early exposure to an altered gravitational orientation causes the sporangiophore to develop a gravireceptor as it matures to stage IV and resumes elongation. A technique has been developed to observe the spatial relationship between the vacuole and the protoplasm of a living sporangiophore and to show the reorganization caused by this exposure to altered gravity. Possible gravireceptor mechanisms are discussed.

scholarly journals Clinicopathological Profile of Wilms’ Tumour in Children

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
M Mazumder ◽  
A Islam ◽  
N Farooq ◽  
M Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Abdominal Distension ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Wilms Tumour ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Clinicopathological Profile ◽  
Treatment Objective

Introduction: Wilms’ tumor is the most common primary malignant renal tumor of childhood. It is important to pick up the children with wilms’ tumor earlier as early stages has excellent outcomes after treatment. Objective : To find out the common clinical presentations and pathological profile of Wilms’ tumor in children. Methods and Materials : A hospital based prospective study done with twenty diagnosed patients of Wilms tumour enrolled from department of Pediatric haemato-oncology, BSMMU, Dhaka in the period between January to December 2008. Results- The peak incidence of Wilms’ tumor was in 1 to 5 years age group (80%,n=16). Median age at presentation was 49 months with male: female ratio 1.8:1.The most common presentation was abdominal swelling (80%,n=16),followed by flank mass (75%,n=15), abdominal pain (55%,n=11), haematuria (15%,n=3), hypertension (10%,n=2). Thirteen raised from right kidney, ratio of right to left involvement 1.8:1. Histologically 13(65%) patients had triphasic histology having blastemal, stromal and epithelial elements, 7(35%) was biphasic having blastema and epithelia. All had favourable histological pattern. Most patients presented in stage III (55%,n=11) followed by stage II (25%,n=5), Stage IV(10%,n=2), Stage I(10%,n=2). No bilateral presentation. Conclusions : Most of the patients of Wilms’ tumor presented within 1 to 5 years of age(80%) with abdominal distension(80%) and flank mass(75%), few associated with haematuria(15%) and hypertension(10%). Histologically all were favourable and maximum presented in stage III (55%) followed by stage II(25%). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v32i1.21015 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2014; 32: 5-8

scholarly journals Clinicopathological profile of squamous cell carcinoma presenting in Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (05) ◽  
pp. 939-943
Author(s):  
Sameera Asif ◽  
Summera Kanwal ◽  
Tahera Ayub ◽  
Zafar Abbas ◽  
Batool Vazir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Buccal Mucosa ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Care Hospital

Objectives: Oral Squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant tumor of the oral cavity. The study was done with the aim to determine the clinical pattern of OSCC seen in tertiary care hospital of Karachi, Pakistan. The frequency of neck metastasis in different staging of squamous cell carcinoma was also recorded. Study Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Liaquat College of Medicine and Dentistry. Period: June 2013- July 2016. Material & Methods: It included 35 males and 25 females which presented with different sites and stage of squamous cell carcinoma. Clinically patients were staged as stage I, stage II, stage III and stage IV and comprised of 3, 8, 30 & 19 patients respectively. Patients presented with cancer of buccal mucosa (31 patients), retromolar region (12 patients), maxillary alveolus (8 patients), tongue (2 patients), floor of mouth (4 patients) & lip (3 patients). Right side was most common, 48 patients as compare to left side, 12 patients while lip cancers was in upper lip in all patients including commissure. Results: Total 60 patients were included in the study with the male to female ratio of 1.4:1. No significant association was seen between age and gender of the patient (p-value 0.933). Majority of patients were male involving buccal mucosa (51.67%) as the most frequently involved site followed by retromolar area (20%) and tongue (13.3%). Mean age of patients included in the study was 50.87 ± 5.53. Conclusion: Most of the cases of OSCC were seen in older patients with increased number of cases involving buccal mucosa as their primary site. Majority of the tumors were classified as stage III followed by Stage IV, Stage II and stage 1 respectively.

scholarly journals PENGARUH REBUSAN DAUN SALAM TERHADAP PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH PADA LANSIA DENGAN HIPERTENSI

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Syaifurrahman Hidayat ◽  
Laylatul Hasanah ◽  
Dewi Herlina Susantin
Keyword(s):  
Stage Iv ◽  
T Test ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Post Test

Daun salam (syzygiumpolyanthum) merupakan salah satu dari jenis terapi herbal yang digunakan untuk berbagai penyakit salah satunya yaitu untuk menangani penyakit hipertensi,untuk menurunkan hipertensi dibutuhkan 10 lembar daun salam dan 300 ml air lalu direbus hingga mendidih dan menyusut menjadi 200 ml dan dikonsumsi sebanyak 2 kali sehari pada pagi dan sore hari, masing-masing 100 ml. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh air rebusan daun salam dalam menurunkan tekanan darah pada lansia di wilayah kerja UPT Puskesmas Guluk-Guluk. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian eksperimen Pre post test design, dimana pada rancangan ini berupaya mengungkapkan hubungan sebab akibat dengan cara melibatkan kelompok eksperimental, dengan sampel sebanyak 30 0rang Pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi tekanan darah langsung dan wawancara ke responden.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebelum diberikan perlakuan pada responden sebagian besar berada pada stage III sebanyak 22 orang (73,3 %), lalu sebagian kecil berada pada stage IV dengan 2 orang (6,7 %). Setelah dilakukan penelitian menunujukkan sesudah diberikan perlakuan pada responden sebagian besar menempati stage II sebanyak 28 orang (93,3 %), sebagian kecil berada pada stage I hanya 2 orang (6,7 %). Hasil uji T test paried dan uji T test didapatkan nilai signifikan 0.000 yang nilainya lebih kecil dari taraf kesalahan α 0.05. sehingga H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima yang berarti ada pengaruh air rebusan daun salam terhadap penurunan tekanan darah pada lansia yang menderita hipertensi di wilayah kerja UPT Puskesmas Guluk-Guluk Kecamatan Guluk-Guluk. Daun salam mempunyai kandungan kimia seperti minyak atsiri, sitrat, euganol, tannin serta flavanoid yang dipercaya mampu untuk menurunkan tekanan darah, mekanisme kerja dari daun salam ini yaitu merangsang sekresi cairan empedu sehingga lemak akan keluar bersamaan dengan usus yang kemudian mengurangi gumpalan lemak yang mengendap dalam pembuluh darah sehingga aliran darah menjadi lancar dan tekanan darah akan normal.

Long-term results of surgical treatment of gastric cancer

1986 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-106
Author(s):  
A. S. Abdullin ◽  
F. Sh. Akhmetzyanov ◽  
A. A. Samigullin ◽  
Z. N. Shemeunova ◽  
V. A. Arinin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Stomach Cancer ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Long Term Outcomes

We analyzed long-term outcomes of the treatment of 217 patients (men - 126, women - 91), who underwent radical operations for stomach cancer in the period of 1972 till 1976. 14 patients were under 39, 52 - from 40 to 49, 50 to 59 - 52, 60 to 69 - 80, over 70 years old - 19. The youngest patient was 28 years old and the oldest - 76 years old. Most patients (185) were operated on at stage III of the disease, stage II was diagnosed in 27 patients, and stage IV - in 5 patients.

C-W Ultrasound Evaluation of Chronic Peripheral Arterial Disease Treated by i. v. Brinase

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. FitzGerald ◽  
E. P. Frisch
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Peripheral Arteries ◽  
Ultrasound Scanning ◽  
Ultrasound Evaluation

Fortyfour patients with chronically obstructed peripheral arteries have been treated intravenously with brinase. Twentyfour of these patients had rest pain or gangrene (Stage III or IV) and 20 were claudicants (Stage II).Assessment before and after treatment was by clinical evaluation, blood pressure measurement in the limbs, and C-W ultrasound scanning of the peripheral arteries (Three arterial segments in each limb). Individual dosage requirement was decided by the level of brinase inhibitors in plasma. The more severely diseased patients were anti coagulated with Warfarin. The follow-up period from treatment extends from six months to three years.At the end of brinase treatment, good clinical improvement was obtained in 11/20 Stage IT, 10/12 Stage III, and 10/12 Stage IV. The arm-leg blood pressure gradient before treatment in Stage II was 88±41 mmHg, in Stage III 108±43 mmHg, and in Stage IV 129 ±45 mmHg. In patients responding to brinase treatment (27/44) a post-treatment gradient of 44±27 mmHg was recorded. In patients who failed to improve the higher gradient of 81 ±49 mmHg was retained.C-W ultrasound scanning of 228 arterial segments before treatment showed that 67 segments were occluded, 101 stenosed and 60 segments without significant lesions. Following treatment 19 segments remained occluded, 122 showed stenosis and 87 were without significant lesions. The post-treatment figures indicate a reduction in severity of arterial lesions.

scholarly journals Elevated levels of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with bladder cancer depending on a tumor stage

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Dmytryk ◽  
Tetiana Luhovska ◽  
Pavel Yakovlev ◽  
Olexiy Savchuk ◽  
Ludmila Ostapchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Th 1

Bladder Cancer (BC) is a common disease worldwide. Chronic inflammation is one of the key mechanisms for the development of BC. This study enrolled 40 patients. Preoperative plasma levels of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12β, TNF-α and IFN-γ were determined by ELISA. In our study, we observed diverse changes in the levels of cytokines in patients with BC Stage I, II, III and IV. The levels of IL-1β was increased for stage I, stage II, and stage III. The level of TNF-α was increased for stage II, stage III, stage IV. The levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12β were increased in patients with stage III and IV only. The levels of IFN- γ declined for stage II, stage III and stage IV with the lowest levels in patients with Stage IV. In our study, we investigated alteration in levels of Th-1 and Th-2-like cytokine profile, but some deficiency in Th1- status discovered in patients with BC.

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