scholarly journals RENEWAL OF CELLS WITHIN TASTE BUDS

1965 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd M. Beidler ◽  
Ronald L. Smallman
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Tritiated Thymidine ◽  
Mitotic Division ◽  
Considerable Change ◽  
Chemical Stimulation ◽  
Taste Bud ◽  
Average Cell ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Rat Tongue

Colchicine blocks mitotic division of the epithelial cells surrounding the taste bud of the rat tongue. Response to chemical stimulation decreases 50 per cent 3 hours after colchicine injection as measured by recording the electrical activity from the taste nerve bundle. Radioautography, using tritiated thymidine, shows that those epithelial cells surrounding the taste bud divide and that some of the daughter cells enter the taste bud and slowly move toward the center. The life span of the average cell is about 250 ± 50 hours, although some cells have a much shorter and others a much longer life span. These studies suggest that the cells within the taste bud, as well as the nerves, undergo considerable change with time. Corresponding changes in function are considered.

Dome formation in primary cultured monolayers of alveolar epithelial cells

1982 ◽  
Vol 243 (1) ◽  
pp. C96-C100 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Goodman ◽  
E. D. Crandall
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Fluid Balance ◽  
Alveolar Epithelial Cells ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Transport Function ◽  
Dome Formation ◽  
Alveolar Epithelial ◽  
Free Air

We have observed the formation of domes by type II alveolar epithelial cells harvested from rat lungs. The cells were harvested using elastase and grew to confluence in 3-4 days after plating on plastic. Numerous domes were observed in the monolayers 4-18 days after plating, with peak dome density occurring at days 6-9. When trypsin was used instead of elastase as the harvesting enzyme, many fewer domes were formed by the monolayers, with peak dome density observed at day 5 and no domes seen after 8 days. The life span of an individual dome was about 3-4 h. The presence of domes indicates an intact active transport function of the cells in the monolayer, which may represent an important mechanism for the maintenance of fluid-free air spaces and normal alveolar fluid balance in mammalian lungs in vivo.

scholarly journals Daughter cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae from old mothers display a reduced life span.

1994 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 1985-1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
B K Kennedy ◽  
N R Austriaco ◽  
L Guarente
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Daughter Cell ◽  
Young Mothers ◽  
Young Mother ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
Maximum Occurrence

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae typically divides asymmetrically to give a large mother cell and a smaller daughter cell. As mother cells become old, they enlarge and produce daughter cells that are larger than daughters derived from young mother cells. We found that occasional daughter cells were indistinguishable in size from their mothers, giving rise to a symmetric division. The frequency of symmetric divisions became greater as mother cells aged and reached a maximum occurrence of 30% in mothers undergoing their last cell division. Symmetric divisions occurred similarly in rad9 and ste12 mutants. Strikingly, daughters from old mothers, whether they arose from symmetric divisions or not, displayed reduced life spans relative to daughters from young mothers. Because daughters from old mothers were larger than daughters from young mothers, we investigated whether an increased size per se shortened life span and found that it did not. These findings are consistent with a model for aging that invokes a senescence substance which accumulates in old mother cells and is inherited by their daughters.

scholarly journals Human telomerase prolongs the life span of bovine mammary epithelial cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (Suppl. 2) ◽  
pp. 341-345
Author(s):  
W.-J. Sai ◽  
L.-N. Sui ◽  
X.-R. Peng ◽  
Y.-G. Wang ◽  
S.-Y. Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Human Telomerase

scholarly journals Neuropeptides Exert Direct Effects on Rat Thymic Epithelial Cells in Culture

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail M. Head ◽  
R. Mentlein ◽  
Birte Von Patay ◽  
J. E.G. Downing ◽  
Marion D. Kendall
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lucifer Yellow ◽  
Tritiated Thymidine ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Thymic Epithelial Cells ◽  
Dye Coupling ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Adrenergic Agonist ◽  
Thymic Epithelium ◽  
Functional Aspects

To determine if major thymic neuropeptides and neurotransmitters can directly influence the functional activity of cultured rat thymic epithelium, neuropeptides and neurotransmitters were applied, and intercellular communication, proliferation, and thymulin secretion assessed. After injections of a mixture of lucifer yellow dextran (too large to pass gap junctions) and cascade blue (which does) into single cells, some neuropeptides decrease dye coupling: 0.1 mM GABA (P< 0.0001), 100 nM NPY (P< 0.0001), 100 nM VIP (P< 0.001), 100 nM CGRP (P< 0.001), 100 nM SP (P< 0.01), and 0.1 mM histamine (P< 0.01), whereas 0.1 mM 5-HT, mM acetylcholine, and 1μM isoproterenol (β-adrenergic agonist) had no effect. Proliferation (incorporation of tritiated thymidine) was increased by CGRP (P= 0.004) and histamine (P< 0.02), but decreased by isoproterenol (P= 0.002), 5-HT (P= 0.003), and acetylcholine (P< 0.05). The percentage of multinucleate cells was decreased after isoproterenol (2.5%), and increased after 5-HT (21.3%), GABA (15%), and histamine (15.1%). Compared to controls, thymulin in the supernatant was decreased after challenge with acetylcholine (52%), isoproterenol (71%), 5-HT (73%), and histamine (84%). This study demonstrates direct effects of neuropeptides and neurotransmitters on functional aspects of cultured thymic epithelial cells.

Expression of Epstein-Barr virus-encoded LMP1 and hTERT extends the life span and immortalizes primary cultures of nasopharyngeal epithelial cells

2010 ◽  
Vol 82 (10) ◽  
pp. 1711-1723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yim-Ling Yip ◽  
Chi-Man Tsang ◽  
Wen Deng ◽  
Pak-Yan Cheung ◽  
Yuesheng Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Epithelial

scholarly journals RYK-mediated filopodial pathfinding facilitates midgut elongation

Development ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (20) ◽  
pp. dev195388
Author(s):  
Sha Wang ◽  
James P. Roy ◽  
Abigail J. Tomlinson ◽  
Ellen B. Wang ◽  
Yu-Hwai Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Navigation System ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Basal Surface ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Guidance Cue ◽  
Epithelial Tube ◽  
Pseudostratified Epithelium ◽  
Rapid Elongation ◽  
Active Proliferation

ABSTRACTBetween embryonic days 10.5 and 14.5, active proliferation drives rapid elongation of the murine midgut epithelial tube. Within this pseudostratified epithelium, nuclei synthesize DNA near the basal surface and move apically to divide. After mitosis, the majority of daughter cells extend a long, basally oriented filopodial protrusion, building a de novo path along which their nuclei can return to the basal side. WNT5A, which is secreted by surrounding mesenchymal cells, acts as a guidance cue to orchestrate this epithelial pathfinding behavior, but how this signal is received by epithelial cells is unknown. Here, we have investigated two known WNT5A receptors: ROR2 and RYK. We found that epithelial ROR2 is dispensable for midgut elongation. However, loss of Ryk phenocopies the Wnt5a−/− phenotype, perturbing post-mitotic pathfinding and leading to apoptosis. These studies reveal that the ligand-receptor pair WNT5A-RYK acts as a navigation system to instruct filopodial pathfinding, a process that is crucial for continuous cell cycling to fuel rapid midgut elongation.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Chromosomal Separation Provides Insights into Cleavage Furrow Stimulation in Cultured Epithelial Cells

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2173-2184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally P. Wheatley ◽  
Christopher B. O’Connell ◽  
Yu-li Wang
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Topoisomerase Ii ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Myosin Ii ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Irregular Shapes ◽  
Anaphase Onset ◽  
Cultured Epithelial Cells ◽  
Normal Rat

While astral microtubules are believed to be primarily responsible for the stimulation of cytokinesis in Echinodermembryos, it has been suggested that a signal emanating from the chromosomal region and mediated by the interzonal microtubules stimulates cytokinesis in cultured mammalian cells. To test this hypothesis, we examined cytokinesis in normal rat kidney cells treated with an inhibitor of topoisomerase II, (+)-1,2-bis(3,5-dioxopiperaz-inyl-1-yl)propane, which prevents the separation of sister chromatids and the formation of a spindle interzone. The majority of treated cells showed various degrees of abnormality in cytokinesis. Furrows frequently deviated from the equatorial plane, twisting daughter cells into irregular shapes. Some cells developed furrows in regions outside the equator or far away from the spindle. In addition, F-actin and myosin II accumulated at the lateral ingressing margins but did not form a continuous band along the equator as in control cells. Imaging of microinjected 5- (and 6-) carboxymtetramethylrhodamine-tubulin revealed that a unique set of microtubules projected out from the chromosomal vicinity upon anaphase onset. These microtubules emanated toward the lateral cortex, where they delineated sites of microtubule bundle formation, cortical ingression, and F-actin and myosin II accumulation. As centrosome integrity and astral microtubules appeared unperturbed by (+)-1,2-bis(3,5-dioxopiperaz-inyl-1-yl)propane treatment, the present observations cannot be easily explained by the conventional model involving astral microtubules. We suggest that in cultured epithelial cells the organization of the chromosomes dictates the organization of midzone microtubules, which in turn determines and maintains the cleavage activity.

scholarly journals Novel role for the midbody in primary ciliogenesis by polarized epithelial cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 214 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Bernabé-Rubio ◽  
Germán Andrés ◽  
Javier Casares-Arias ◽  
Jaime Fernández-Barrera ◽  
Laura Rangel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Apical Surface ◽  
Membrane Protrusion ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Cilium Formation ◽  
Vertebrate Tissue ◽  
Polarized Epithelial Cells

The primary cilium is a membrane protrusion that is crucial for vertebrate tissue homeostasis and development. Here, we investigated the uncharacterized process of primary ciliogenesis in polarized epithelial cells. We show that after cytokinesis, the midbody is inherited by one of the daughter cells as a remnant that initially locates peripherally at the apical surface of one of the daughter cells. The remnant then moves along the apical surface and, once proximal to the centrosome at the center of the apical surface, enables cilium formation. The physical removal of the remnant greatly impairs ciliogenesis. We developed a probabilistic cell population–based model that reproduces the experimental data. In addition, our model explains, solely in terms of cell area constraints, the various observed transitions of the midbody, the beginning of ciliogenesis, and the accumulation of ciliated cells. Our findings reveal a biological mechanism that links the three microtubule-based organelles—the midbody, the centrosome, and the cilium—in the same cellular process.

scholarly journals SOX2 regulates homeostasis of taste bud cells and lingual epithelial cells in posterior tongue

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. e0240848
Author(s):  
Makoto Ohmoto ◽  
Weiwei Lei ◽  
Junpei Yamashita ◽  
Junji Hirota ◽  
Peihua Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Taste Bud ◽  
Posterior Tongue ◽  
Taste Bud Cells

scholarly journals Midbody remnant inheritance is regulated by the ESCRT subunit CHMP4C

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Casares-Arias ◽  
María Ujué Gonzalez ◽  
Alvaro San Paulo ◽  
Leandro N. Ventimiglia ◽  
Jessica B. A. Sadler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Apical Membrane ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Escrt Machinery ◽  
Cilium Formation ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
Development And Differentiation ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe inheritance of the midbody remnant (MBR) breaks the symmetry of the two daughter cells, with functional consequences for lumen and primary cilium formation by polarized epithelial cells, and also for development and differentiation. However, despite their importance, neither the relationship between the plasma membrane and the inherited MBR nor the mechanism of MBR inheritance is well known. Here, the analysis by correlative light and ultra-high-resolution scanning electron microscopy reveals a membranous stalk that physically connects the MBR to the apical membrane of epithelial cells. The stalk, which derives from the uncleaved side of the midbody, concentrates the ESCRT machinery. The ESCRT CHMP4C subunit enables MBR inheritance, and its depletion dramatically reduces the percentage of ciliated cells. We demonstrate: (1) that MBRs are physically connected to the plasma membrane, (2) how CHMP4C helps maintain the integrity of the connection, and (3) the functional importance of the connection.

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