scholarly journals DEGENERATION IN THE EFFERENT NERVE ENDINGS IN THE COCHLEA AFTER AXONAL SECTION

1965 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Smith ◽  
Grant L. Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Cochlear Nerve ◽  
Mitochondrial Swelling ◽  
Nerve Bundle ◽  
Efferent Nerve ◽  
Rapid Process ◽  
Constant Size ◽  
Efferent Nerve Endings ◽  
The Brain

Both roots of the olivo-cochlear nerve bundle to one ear were transected in the brain stems of 12 chinchillas. The animals were sacrificed at times ranging from 2 to 35 days after surgery. The normal olivo-cochlear terminals on the external hair cells in the cochleas of the control ears contained many mitochondria and small vesicles of constant size. The earliest evidence for degeneration was the presence of fine 100 A filaments in the proximal parts of the terminals. These were visible at 2 days. Animals sacrificed at later times showed a greater number of filaments and fewer vesicles, but few mitochondrial changes. After 1 week, disintegration of the terminals was more prominent. A few terminals showed mitochondrial swelling and lysis of the plasma membrane but few or no filaments within the first week. These latter terminals were interpreted as representing a more rapid process of disintegration than those terminals characterized by numerous filaments and seemingly unchanged mitochondria.

Principles in embryonic development and differentiation of vestibular hair cells

1983 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 540-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti Anniko ◽  
Hans Nordemar ◽  
Aron Sobin
Keyword(s):  
Gap Junctions ◽  
Hair Cell ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Efferent Nerve ◽  
Vestibular Hair Cells ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Sensory Hairs ◽  
Development And Differentiation ◽  
Efferent Nerve Endings

The early development and maturation of vestibular hair cells in the CBA/CBA mouse were analyzed at the ultrastructural level with conventional transmission electron microscopy and freeze fracturing. Cells differentiating into future hair cells pass their terminal mitosis close to the otocyst lumen. The earliest morphologic sign of differentiation into future hair cells was the arrangement of microvilli in a regular fashion. Hair cell cytodifferentiation occurred with a gradient from the hair cell surface to the base. In parallel with the maturation of sensory hairs a structural intracellular rebuilding occurred: the number of polyribosomes and amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum decreased, the nucleus moved basally, and mitochondria accumulated in the supranuclear region. Both tight junctions and gap junctions occurred initially on developing hair cells. From the sixteenth gestational day on, gap junctions disappeared, indicating an uncoupling phenomenon. Afferent nerve terminals developed before efferent nerve endings. Maturation of innervation occurred, for the most part, postnatally, and after that hair cells reached mature morphology.

Association of the hepatic IP3 receptor with the plasma membrane: relevance to mode of action

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (6) ◽  
pp. C1588-C1596 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Feng ◽  
N. Kraus-Friedmann
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Membrane Fraction ◽  
Ip3 Receptors ◽  
Ip3 Receptor ◽  
Plasma Membrane Fraction ◽  
T Lymphoma Cells ◽  
T Lymphoma ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Brain Receptor ◽  
The Brain

Studies were carried out to characterize the interaction between inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors and the plasma membrane fraction. Extraction of the membranes with the nonionic detergents Nonidet P-40 and Triton X-100, followed by centrifugation at 100,000 g, resulted in the doubling of the IP3 receptor in the pellets, whereas no detectable binding was found in the supernatants. These data indicate that the detergents did not solubilize the receptor, that it remained associated with membrane particles, and that it is likely to be associated with the cytoskeleton. The cytoskeleton proteins actin, ankyrin, and spectrin were identified in the plasma membrane fraction. However, comparison of the amount of these proteins in different fractions of the detergent, or otherwise treated plasma membrane fractions, showed no direct correlation between the presence of any of these proteins in the plasma membrane fraction and their ability to bind [3H]IP3. This is in contrast to the brain and T-lymphoma cells in which the IP3 receptor is attached to ankyrin (L. Y. W. Bourguigon, H. Jin, N. Iida, N. R. Brandt, and S. H. Zhang. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 6477-6486, 1993; and S. K. Joseph and S. Samanta. J. Biol. Chem 268: 6477-6486, 1993). Thus the hepatic IP3 receptor, which is different from the brain receptor, might attach to the cytoskeleton by anchoring to a different protein. Because cytochalasin D treatment of livers diminishes the ability of IP3 to raise cytosolic free Ca2+ levels, the attachment of the IP3 receptor to the cytoskeleton seems to involve an association with microfilaments.

scholarly journals Connectomics of the zebrafish's lateral-line neuromast reveals wiring and miswiring in a simple microcircuit

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliot Dow ◽  
Adrian Jacobo ◽  
Sajjad Hossain ◽  
Kimberly Siletti ◽  
A J Hudspeth
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cell ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Planar Cell Polarity ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Notch Signaling Pathway ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Directional Sensitivity ◽  
Efferent Nerve ◽  
Polarity Gene

The lateral-line neuromast of the zebrafish displays a restricted, consistent pattern of innervation that facilitates the comparison of microcircuits across individuals, developmental stages, and genotypes. We used serial blockface scanning electron microscopy to determine from multiple specimens the neuromast connectome, a comprehensive set of connections between hair cells and afferent and efferent nerve fibers. This analysis delineated a complex but consistent wiring pattern with three striking characteristics: each nerve terminal is highly specific in receiving innervation from hair cells of a single directional sensitivity; the innervation is redundant; and the terminals manifest a hierarchy of dominance. Mutation of the canonical planar-cell-polarity gene vangl2, which decouples the asymmetric phenotypes of sibling hair-cell pairs, results in randomly positioned, randomly oriented sibling cells that nonetheless retain specific wiring. Because larvae that overexpress Notch exhibit uniformly oriented, uniformly innervating hair-cell siblings, wiring specificity is mediated by the Notch signaling pathway.

scholarly journals Changes in plasma membrane structure and electromotile properties in prestin deficient outer hair cells

Cytoskeleton ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
David Z.Z. He ◽  
Shuping Jia ◽  
Takashi Sato ◽  
Jian Zuo ◽  
Leonardo R. Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Membrane Structure ◽  
Outer Hair Cells

Dynamic tether force measurements of the outer hair cells plasma membrane with optical tweezers

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahman Anvari ◽  
Zhiwei Li ◽  
Masayoshi Takashima ◽  
Peter Brecht ◽  
Jorge H. Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Optical Tweezers ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Outer Hair Cells ◽  
Force Measurements

scholarly journals  II- V spectrin bridges the plasma membrane and cortical lattice in the lateral wall of the auditory outer hair cells

2008 ◽  
Vol 121 (20) ◽  
pp. 3347-3356 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Legendre ◽  
S. Safieddine ◽  
P. Kussel-Andermann ◽  
C. Petit ◽  
A. El-Amraoui
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Outer Hair Cells

scholarly journals AFM Images of Outer Hair Cells' Lateral Plasma Membrane: An Autocorrelation Function Analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 508a
Author(s):  
Ghanshyam Sinha ◽  
Emilios K. Dimitriadis ◽  
Kuni H. Iwasa
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Autocorrelation Function ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Outer Hair Cells
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