scholarly journals ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC AUTORADIOGRAPHY OF GERMINAL CENTER CELLS IN MOUSE SPLEEN

1965 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Swartzendruber ◽  
M. G. Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Tritiated Thymidine ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Germinal Centers ◽  
Mouse Spleen ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Electron Microscopic Autoradiography ◽  
Golgi Region ◽  
Reticular Cells

The fine structure of tritiated thymidine-labeled cells in antigen-stimulated mouse spleen germinal centers is described. In studies on the ultrastructural level, two labeled cell types found in germinal centers are observed. Large lymphocytes are characterized by their very numerous free ribosomes, a paucity of endoplasmic reticulum, relatively few mitochondria, and a poorly developed Golgi region. The nuclei are large and vesicular, and large nucleoli are present. A second labeled cell type appears to contain more mitochondria and has a higher development of the Golgi area. The nucleus contains large, numerous blocks of chromatin, indicative of a more differentiated cell type. Reticular cells, both phagocytic and non-phagocytic, were not observed to be labeled in the germinal centers.

Dendritic cells of the human epidermis: immuno-electron microscopic studies of la antigen reactivity

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 644-645
Author(s):  
G. Rowden ◽  
M. G. Lewis ◽  
T. M. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Langerhans Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
La Antigen ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
A Cell ◽  
C3 Receptors ◽  
Antigen Reactivity

Langerhans cells of mammalian stratified squamous epithelial have proven to be an enigma since their discovery in 1868. These dendritic suprabasal cells have been considered as related to melanocytes either as effete cells, or as post divisional products. Although grafting experiments seemed to demonstrate the independence of the cell types, much confusion still exists. The presence in the epidermis of a cell type with morphological features seemingly shared by melanocytes and Langerhans cells has been especially troublesome. This so called "indeterminate", or " -dendritic cell" lacks both Langerhans cells granules and melanosomes, yet it is clearly not a keratinocyte. Suggestions have been made that it is related to either Langerhans cells or melanocyte. Recent studies have unequivocally demonstrated that Langerhans cells are independent cells with immune function. They display Fc and C3 receptors on their surface as well as la (immune region associated) antigens.

scholarly journals Application of avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method with a monoclonal antibody to human Ia-like antigen in immunoelectron microscopy.

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 1495-1499 ◽  
Author(s):  
K C Feng-Chen ◽  
B F Chen ◽  
Z Liu ◽  
A K Ng
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Electron Microscopic Level ◽  
Complex Method ◽  
Outer Cell ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Hla Dr ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Antibody Complex ◽  
Reticular Cells

Monoclonal antibody (MAb) to human Ia-like (HLA-DR) antigen was applied with the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) immunostaining method to localize the Ia-like antigen at the electron microscopic level. Our results indicated that in human tonsils and adenoids fixed with 4-6% phosphate-buffered paraformaldehyde for 4-6 hr, sharply delineated electron-dense products of the antigen and antibody complex were detectable on the outer cell membranes of lymphoblasts, lymphocytes, reticular cells, and macrophages. In our study, the vibratome sections of the paraformaldehyde-fixed, pre-embedding immunostained tissues consistently showed more satisfactory morphology than frozen sections. The combined use of the anti-human Ia monoclonal antibody and the ABC procedure with paraformaldehyde fixation provides a simple and sensitive method to study at the ultrastructural level the Ia-like antigen-bearing cells, which are vital in the immune response.

scholarly journals Rates of Proliferation and Interrelationships of Cells in the Mesenteric Lymph Node of the Rat

Blood ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 674-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM O. RIEKE ◽  
RUTH W. CAFFREY ◽  
N. B. EVERETT
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Node ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Tritiated Thymidine ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Reticular Cells ◽  
Proliferating Cell

Abstract Single and multiple injections of tritiated thymidine were combined with radioautography to study the rates of proliferation and interrelationships of the various cell lines in the mesenteric lymph node of the rat. The appearance and labeling patterns of the different cells are described from studies of both smears and tissue sections. Reticular cells exhibit wide variations in labeling intensity, phagocytize labeled lymphocytes, and become labeled in high percentages only when TTH is administered over a period of many days. Other slowly proliferating cell types include small lymphocytes, fat cells, endothelial cells and mast cells. Rapidly proliferating cell lines include plasmablasts, hemohistioblasts, proplasmacytes and large lymphocytes. The generation time of plasmablasts and hemohistioblasts was determined to be approximately 9 and 12 hours respectively. Mature plasma cells constitute a non-dividing population which is renewed in lymph node in not more than 5 days. Evidence is presented that the most primitive cells in the lymphocyte and plasma cell lines are the hemohistioblasts and plasmablasts respectively. Reticular cells most probably are not stem cells. No evidence is found to support previous reports that plasma cells derive from lymphocytes.

scholarly journals MIGRATION OF GLYCOPROTEIN FROM THE GOLGI APPARATUS TO THE SURFACE OF VARIOUS CELL TYPES AS SHOWN BY RADIOAUTOGRAPHY AFTER LABELED FUCOSE INJECTION INTO RATS

1974 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 258-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Bennett ◽  
C. P. Leblond ◽  
Antonio Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Early Time ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Cell Coat ◽  
Golgi Region ◽  
Silver Grains

A single intravenous injection of L-[3H]fucose, a specific glycoprotein precursor, was given to young 35–45 g rats which were sacrificed at times varying between 2 min and 30 h later. Radioautography of over 50 cell types, including renewing and nonrenewing cells, was carried out for light and electron microscope study. At early time intervals (2–10 min after injection), light microscope radioautography showed a reaction over nearly all cells investigated in the form of a discrete clump of silver grains over the Golgi region. This reaction varied in intensity and duration from cell type to cell type. Electron microscope radioautographs of duodenal villus columnar cells and kidney proximal and distal tubule cells at early time intervals revealed that the silver grains were restricted to Golgi saccules. These observations are interpreted to mean that glycoproteins undergoing synthesis incorporate fucose in the saccules of the Golgi apparatus. Since fucose occurs as a terminal residue in the carbohydrate side chains of glycoproteins, the Golgi saccules would be the site of completion of synthesis of these side chains. At later time intervals, light and electron microscope radioautography demonstrated a decrease in the reaction intensity of the Golgi region, while reactions appeared over other parts of the cells: lysosomes, secretory material, and plasma membrane. The intensity of the reactions observed over the plasma membrane varied considerably in various cell types; furthermore the reactions were restricted to the apical surface in some types, but extended to the whole surface in others. Since the plasma membrane is covered by a "cell coat" composed of the carbohydrate-rich portions of membrane glycoproteins, it is concluded that newly formed glycoproteins, after acquiring fucose in the Golgi apparatus, migrate to the cell surface to contribute to the cell coat. This contribution implies turnover of cell coat glycoproteins, at least in nonrenewing cell types, such as those of kidney tubules. In the young cells of renewing populations, e.g. those of gastro-intestinal epithelia, the new glycoproteins seem to contribute to the growth as well as the turnover of the cell coat. The differences in reactivity among different cell types and cell surfaces imply considerable differences in the turnover rates of the cell coats.

Selective staining of secretory granules of adrenal medullary cells by silver methenamine: A light and electron microscopic study

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 745-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. L. Chang ◽  
Sergio A. Bencosme
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Glutaraldehyde Fixation ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Selective Staining ◽  
The Third

A reevaluation of the silver methenamine reaction as an electron stain has ensued from recent use of glutaraldehyde fixation alone. By this technique, three cell types of rat adrenal medulla were found: (i) the norepinephrine-containing cells showed selectively stained, irregular, black granules; (ii) the epinephrine-containing cells showed round, light-grey granules; and (iii) the third cell type showed round granules like those of epinephrine-containing cells, but black in color, similar to those of the norepinephrine-containing cells.

scholarly journals Distribution of H-2 microenvironments in the mouse thymus. Immunoelectron microscopic identification of I-A and H-2K bearing cells.

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1089-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Van Ewijk ◽  
R V Rouse ◽  
I L Weissman
Keyword(s):  
Cell Types ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Perivascular Spaces ◽  
Mouse Thymus ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Positive Elements ◽  
Reticular Cells ◽  
Labeling Method ◽  
T Cell Maturation

Antigens coded for by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are differentially expressed in the mouse thymus. Immunoperoxidase studies of frozen thymus sections incubated with monoclonal (hybridoma) anti-I-Ak antibodies revealed a dendritic straining pattern in the cortex and a confluent staining pattern in the medulla. Serial sections incubated with monoclonal anti-H-2Kk antibodies showed that H-2Kk antigens were only present at detectable levels in the medulla. Microenvironments expressing H-2Kk antigens also expressed I-Ak antigens. In cortico-medullary regions, relatively large MHC-negative areas were found. These areas appeared to connect to perivascular spaces surrounding blood vessels. Using a new postfixation labeling method for the detection of cell surface associated antigens on cells of the lymphoid system in situ, we have characterized the nature of MHC positive cell types at the ultrastructural level. These studies show that epithelial-reticular cells are the major MHC positive elements in the thymus. Lymphocytes in the medulla and in cortico-medullary bounderies are also MHC positive, however, lymphocytes in the cortex were not detectably labeled. These findings support the contention that epithelial-reticular cells are involved in the H2-restriction process during T cell maturation.

scholarly journals High-resolution detection of newly synthesized DNA by anti-bromodeoxyuridine antibodies identifies specific chromatin domains.

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Mazzotti ◽  
R Rizzoli ◽  
A Galanzi ◽  
S Papa ◽  
M Vitale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Electron Microscopic Autoradiography ◽  
Resolution Power ◽  
Acid Denaturation ◽  
Erythroleukemia Cells ◽  
Nuclear Structures ◽  
Murine Erythroleukemia ◽  
Fine Localization ◽  
Murine Erythroleukemia Cells

We analyzed the incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) into DNA in exponentially growing murine erythroleukemia cells (FLC-745), using fluorescent anti-BrdUrd antibodies with light microscopy and flow cytometry. The fine localization of the DNA replicating sites was investigated at the ultrastructural level by using a second antibody conjugated with colloidal gold. The latter approach, which does not require acidic denaturation of the DNA, enables preservation of good morphology and obtains a better resolution power than that of electron microscopic autoradiography, the percentage of labeled cells obtained with the two techniques being comparable. After short BrdUrd pulses, characteristic distribution of the labeling can be identified in the heterochromatin, in interchromatin domains, or at the boundary between the dispersed and the condensed chromatin. Similar patterns are also observable in the nuclear structures which condense after acid denaturation, suggesting that DNA replication takes place at fixed sites associated with the nuclear matrix.

scholarly journals Immunocytochemical localization and circadian variations of serotonin and N-acetylserotonin in photoreceptor cells. Light and electron microscopic study in the teleost pineal organ.

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 486-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Falcon ◽  
M Geffard ◽  
M T Juillard ◽  
H W Steinbusch ◽  
P Seguela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Organ ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Photoreceptor Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Circadian Variations ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Indole Compounds

Using two immunocytochemical procedures (i.e., immunofluorescence and the unlabeled peroxidase-antiperoxidase method), the localization of a serotonin(HT)-like and of a N-acetylserotonin (aHT)-like immunoreactivity in the pineal organ of the pike was studied during winter. It was shown that immunostaining was exclusively restricted to the cells of the receptor line (CRL = typical and modified photoreceptors). The intensity of the reactions varied through the light-dark cycle, HT-like immunoreactivity being high during the photophase and low during the scotophase. In contrast, aHT-like immunoreactivity was highest at the beginning of the scotophase. HT and aHT-like immunoreactivities were detected in all cell types of the pineal epithelium after administration of a monoamine oxidase inhibitor. Up to now, only HT immunoreactivity could be localized at the ultrastructural level. In a number of typical and modified photoreceptors, a HT-positive staining seemed to be confined within the hyaloplasm of the inner segment, particularly with that of the perikaryon and basal pedicle. Our previous and present results strongly suggest that indole compounds, which are involved in the regulation of various neuroendocrine processes in fish, are synthetized within the CRL. Taking into account that the CRL of the pike are also photosensitive, it appears more and more likely that they are photoneuroendocrine cells involved in mediating the effects of the photoperiod on various physiological and behavioral processes.

A light and electron microscopic study of the structure of the nucleus preopticus and nucleus lateral tuberis of the goldfish, Carassius auratus

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1423-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Peter ◽  
Y. Nagahama
Keyword(s):  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Nucleus Lateral Tuberis

On the basis of fine structure only one cell type could be identified in the nucleus preopticus. The nucleus lateral tuberis (NLT) contains three distinct cell types. Cell type 1, primarily in the NLT pars lateralis, is a large cell with many dense-core granules (DCG) 97.3 nm average diameter. Cell type II, primarily in the NLT pars anterioris, is smaller and contains few DCG, averaging 70.9 nm. Cell type III, found in the NLT pars posterioris, pars inferioris and posteriorly in the pars anterioris, is a small cell with DCG similar to type II cells. Cell type III additionally has large irregular granular bodies (dimensions up to 2 μm) that stain with aldehyde fuchsin and are visible with the light microscope. The possible role of the various cell types in controlling pituitary function is discussed.The juxta-ventricular border of the ependyma in the NPO and NLT regions is lined with cilia and microvilli, each with a regionalized distribution. In addition, there are cells with bleblike cytoplasmic extensions into the third ventricle in the ependyma layer in the NLT pars anterioris and pars posterions regions.

The pigmentary system of developing axolotls

Development ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-125
Author(s):  
S. K. Frost ◽  
L. G. Epp ◽  
S. J. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Pigment Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Ambystoma Mexicanum ◽  
Pigment Cells ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Mutant Phenotypes

A biochemical and transmission electron microscopic description of the wild-type pigment phenotype in developing Mexican axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanum) is presented. There are three pigment cell types found in adult axolotl skin - melanophores, xanthophores and iridophores. Both pigments and pigment cells undergo specific developmental changes in axolotls. Melanophores are the predominant pigment cell type throughout development; xanthophores occur secondarily and in fewer numbers than melanophores; iridophores do not appear until well into the larval stage and remain thereafter as the least frequently encountered pigment cell type. Ultrastructural differences in xanthophore organelle (pterinosome) structure at different developmental stages correlate with changes in the pattern of pteridine biosynthesis. Sepiapterin, a yellow pteridine, is present in larval axolotl skin but not in adults. Ribofiavin (also yellow) is present in minimal quantities in larval skin and large quantities in adult axolotl skin. Pterinosomes undergo a morphological “reversion” at some point prior to or shortly after axolotls attain sexual maturity. Correlated with the neotenic state of the axolotl, certain larval pigmentary features are retained throughout development. Notably, the pigment cells remain scattered in the dermis such that no two pigment cell bodies overlap, although cell processes may overlap. This study forms the basis for comparison of the wild type pigment phenotype to the three mutant phenotypes-melanoid, axanthic and albino-found in the axolotl.

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