scholarly journals Organelle positioning in muscles requires cooperation between two KASH proteins and microtubules

2012 ◽  
Vol 198 (5) ◽  
pp. 833-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadas Elhanany-Tamir ◽  
Yanxun V. Yu ◽  
Miri Shnayder ◽  
Ankit Jain ◽  
Michael Welte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Striated Muscles ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
The Core ◽  
Nuclear Ring ◽  
Striated Muscle Fibers ◽  
Cooperative Activity ◽  
Nuclear Spacing

Striated muscle fibers are characterized by their tightly organized cytoplasm. Here, we show that the Drosophila melanogaster KASH proteins Klarsicht (Klar) and MSP-300 cooperate in promoting even myonuclear spacing by mediating a tight link between a newly discovered MSP-300 nuclear ring and a polarized network of astral microtubules (aMTs). In either klar or msp-300ΔKASH, or in klar and msp-300 double heterozygous mutants, the MSP-300 nuclear ring and the aMTs retracted from the nuclear envelope, abrogating this even nuclear spacing. Anchoring of the myonuclei to the core acto-myosin fibrillar compartment was mediated exclusively by MSP-300. This protein was also essential for promoting even distribution of the mitochondria and ER within the muscle fiber. Larval locomotion is impaired in both msp-300 and klar mutants, and the klar mutants were rescued by muscle-specific expression of Klar. Thus, our results describe a novel mechanism of nuclear spacing in striated muscles controlled by the cooperative activity of MSP-300, Klar, and astral MTs, and demonstrate its physiological significance.

scholarly journals THE PATHOGENESIS OF WAXY DEGENERATION OF STRIATED MUSCLES (ZENKER'S DEGENERATION)

1909 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Gideon Wells
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Negative Evidence ◽  
Striated Muscles ◽  
Positive Evidence ◽  
Striated Muscle Fibers ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Stimulation Of

In view of theoretical deductions and the positive results obtained in the above experiments, it would seem probable that the production of waxy degeneration depends upon the action of lactic acid which is formed by the living muscle under the stimulation of infecting bacteria or their toxins, the formation of large amounts of lactic acid and its accumulation being perhaps favored by defective circulation through the injured muscle. The hyaline transformation of muscle acted upon by lactic acid is analogous to the swelling of fibrin placed in dilute acids. This view is supported by both negative and positive experimental evidence—the negative evidence being that simple anemic necrosis, aseptic or antiseptic autolysis whether in vivo or in vitro, or the action of bacteria of various sorts on muscle in vitro, are all incapable of causing changes in muscle cells resembling those characteristic of waxy or hyaline degeneration of striated muscle. The positive evidence consists in the demonstration that lactic acid, even in dilutions comparable to the amounts that can be formed in living muscle, can produce a similar or identical waxy transformation of the striated muscle fibers, both in vitro and in vivo; and also the observation that muscles stimulated to exhaustion, under which condition lactic acid is known to accumulate in the muscle, show microscopically changes identical with those of Zenker's waxy degeneration.

Regarding the relation of the sympathetic nervous system to the transverse striated muscles

1923 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
N. V. Puchkov
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Striated Muscles ◽  
Striated Muscle Fibers ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
The Brain

In several articles published from 1909 to 1913, the Dutch scientist Boeke described in the transverse striated muscles nerve fibers accompanying the motor fleshy ones and ending in the motor plaques of the transverse striated muscle fibers. Examining the m. obliquus sup. of a cat in which the n. trochlearis was cut immediately at the exit from the brain, Voeke found the endings of sensory and motor fibers and preserved muscleless fibers (the cat died on the 4th day after the operation) reincarnated. On this basis, the author attributed the sympathetic origin to these fibers.

Phylogenetic implications of the superfast myosin in extraocular muscles

2002 ◽  
Vol 205 (15) ◽  
pp. 2189-2201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Schachat ◽  
Margaret M. Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Myosin Heavy Chain ◽  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Extraocular Muscles ◽  
Chromosome 17 ◽  
Striated Muscles ◽  
Chromosome 11 ◽  
Phylogenetic Implications ◽  
Myh Gene

SUMMARY Extraocular muscle exhibits higher-velocity and lower-tension contractions than other vertebrate striated muscles. These distinctive physiological properties are associated with the expression of a novel extraocular myosin heavy chain (MYH). Encoded by the MYH13 gene, the extraocular myosin heavy chain is a member of the fast/developmental MYH gene cluster on human chromosome 17 and the syntenic MYH cluster on mouse chromosome 11. Comparison of cDNA sequences reveals that MYH13 also encodes the atypical MYH identified in laryngeal muscles, which have similar fast contractile properties. Comparing the MYH13 sequence with the other members of the fast/developmental cluster, the slow/cardiac MYH genes and two orphan skeletal MYH genes in the human genome provides insights into the origins of specialization in striated muscle myosins. Specifically, these studies indicate (i) that the extraocular myosin is not derived from the adult fast skeletal muscle myosins, but was the first member of the fast/developmental MYH gene cluster to diverge and specialize, (ii) that the motor and rod domains of the MYH13 have evolved under different selective pressures and (iii) that the MYH13 gene has been largely insulated from genomic events that have shaped other members of the fast/developmental cluster. In addition, phylogenetic footprinting suggests that regulation of the extraocular MYH gene is not governed primarily by myogenic factors, but by a hierarchical network of regulatory factors that relate its expression to the development of extraocular muscles.

BAF is required for emerin assembly into the reforming nuclear envelope

2001 ◽  
Vol 114 (24) ◽  
pp. 4575-4585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tokuko Haraguchi ◽  
Takako Koujin ◽  
Miriam Segura-Totten ◽  
Kenneth K. Lee ◽  
Yosuke Matsuoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Core Region ◽  
Lamin B ◽  
The Core ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
Recessive Form ◽  
Nuclear Envelope Assembly

Mutations in emerin cause the X-linked recessive form of Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD). Emerin localizes at the inner membrane of the nuclear envelope (NE) during interphase, and diffuses into the ER when the NE disassembles during mitosis. We analyzed the recruitment of wildtype and mutant GFP-tagged emerin proteins during nuclear envelope assembly in living HeLa cells. During telophase, emerin accumulates briefly at the ‘core’ region of telophase chromosomes, and later distributes over the entire nuclear rim. Barrier-to-autointegration factor (BAF), a protein that binds nonspecifically to double-stranded DNA in vitro, co-localized with emerin at the ‘core’ region of chromosomes during telophase. An emerin mutant defective for binding to BAF in vitro failed to localize at the ‘core’ in vivo, and subsequently failed to localize at the reformed NE. In HeLa cells that expressed BAF mutant G25E, which did not show ‘core’ localization, the endogenous emerin proteins failed to localize at the ‘core’ region during telophase, and did not assemble into the NE during the subsequent interphase. BAF mutant G25E also dominantly dislocalized LAP2β and lamin A from the NE, but had no effect on the localization of lamin B. We conclude that BAF is required for the assembly of emerin and A-type lamins at the reforming NE during telophase, and may mediate their stability in the subsequent interphase.

Structure of the insect head as revealed by the EN protein pattern in developing embryos

Development ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 122 (11) ◽  
pp. 3419-3432 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.T. Rogers ◽  
T.C. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Protein Pattern ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Tissue Specific Expression ◽  
Single Segment ◽  
Dorsal Ridge ◽  
Insect Embryos ◽  
Comparative Embryology

The structure of the insect head has long been a topic of enjoyable yet endless debate among entomologists. More recently geneticists and molecular biologists trying to better understand the structure of the head of the Dipteran Drosophila melanogaster have joined the discourse extrapolating from what they have learned about Drosophila to insects in general. Here we present the results of an investigation into the structure of the insect head as revealed by the distribution of engrailed related protein (Engrailed) in the insect orders Diptera, Siphonaptera, Orthoptera and Hemiptera. The results of this comparative embryology in conjunction with genetic experiments on Drosophila melanogaster lead us to conclude: (1) The insect head is composed of six Engrailed accumulating segments, four postoral and two preoral. The potential seventh and eighth segments (clypeus or labrum) do not accumulate Engrailed. (2) The structure known as the dorsal ridge is not specific to the Diptera but is homologous to structures found in other insect orders. (3) A part of this structure is a single segment-like entity composed of labial and maxillary segment derivatives which produce the most anterior cuticle capable of taking a dorsal fate. The segments anterior to the maxillary segment produce only ventral structures. (4) As in Drosophila, the process of segmentation of the insect head is fundamentally different from the process of segmentation in the trunk. (5) The pattern of Engrailed accumulation and its presumed role in the specification and development of head segments appears to be highly conserved while its role in other pattern formation events and tissue-specific expression is variable. An overview of the pattern of Engrailed accumulation in developing insect embryos provides a basis for discussion of the generality of the parasegment and the evolution of Engrailed patterns.

Nuclear envelope and striated muscle diseases

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Chatzifrangkeskou ◽  
Gisèle Bonne ◽  
Antoine Muchir
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Muscle Diseases

scholarly journals Highly Tissue Specific Expression of Sphinx Supports Its Male Courtship Related Role in Drosophila melanogaster

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. e18853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Chen ◽  
Hongzheng Dai ◽  
Sidi Chen ◽  
Luoying Zhang ◽  
Manyuan Long
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Male Courtship ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Tissue Specific Expression

scholarly journals A distinct cardiopharyngeal mesoderm genetic hierarchy establishes antero-posterior patterning of esophagus striated muscle

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenda Comai ◽  
Eglantine Heude ◽  
Sebastian Mella ◽  
Sylvain Paisant ◽  
Francesca Pala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Striated Muscles ◽  
Food Ingestion ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Posterior Migration ◽  
Functional Relevance ◽  
Genetic Signatures ◽  
Genetic Hierarchy

In most vertebrates, the upper digestive tract is composed of muscularized jaws linked to the esophagus that permits food ingestion and swallowing. Masticatory and esophagus striated muscles (ESM) share a common cardiopharyngeal mesoderm (CPM) origin, however ESM are unusual among striated muscles as they are established in the absence of a primary skeletal muscle scaffold. Using mouse chimeras, we show that the transcription factors Tbx1 and Isl1 are required cell-autonomously for myogenic specification of ESM progenitors. Further, genetic loss-of-function and pharmacological studies point to MET/HGF signaling for antero-posterior migration of esophagus muscle progenitors, where Hgf ligand is expressed in adjacent smooth muscle cells. These observations highlight the functional relevance of a smooth and striated muscle progenitor dialogue for ESM patterning. Our findings establish a Tbx1-Isl1-Met genetic hierarchy that uniquely regulates esophagus myogenesis and identify distinct genetic signatures that can be used as framework to interpret pathologies arising within CPM derivatives.

scholarly journals The Ultrastructure of Myosin-Extracted Striated Muscle Fibers

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
BENJAMIN WALCOTT ◽  
ELLIS B. RIDGWAY
Keyword(s):  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Striated Muscle Fibers
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