scholarly journals Skin stem cells: rising to the surface

2008 ◽  
Vol 180 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Sebaceous Gland ◽  
Wound Repair ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Epithelial Stem Cells ◽  
The Past ◽  
Protective Barrier ◽  
Mammalian Skin ◽  
Skin Epidermis

The skin epidermis and its appendages provide a protective barrier that is impermeable to harmful microbes and also prevents dehydration. To perform their functions while being confronted with the physicochemical traumas of the environment, these tissues undergo continual rejuvenation through homeostasis, and, in addition, they must be primed to undergo wound repair in response to injury. The skin's elixir for maintaining tissue homeostasis, regenerating hair, and repairing the epidermis after injury is its stem cells, which reside in the adult hair follicle, sebaceous gland, and epidermis. Stem cells have the remarkable capacity to both self-perpetuate and also give rise to the differentiating cells that constitute one or more tissues. In recent years, scientists have begun to uncover the properties of skin stem cells and unravel the mysteries underlying their remarkable capacity to perform these feats. In this paper, I outline the basic lineages of the skin epithelia and review some of the major findings about mammalian skin epithelial stem cells that have emerged in the past five years.

The Hair Follicle Bulge: A Niche for Adult Stem Cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilda Amalia Pasolli
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Wound Repair ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
Multiple Cell

AbstractAdult stem cells (SCs) are essential for tissue homeostasis and wound repair. They have the ability to both self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell types. They often reside in specialized microenvironments or niches that preserve their proliferative and tissue regenerative capacity. The murine hair follicle (HF) has a specialized and permanent compartment—the bulge, which safely lodges SCs and provides the necessary molecular cues to regulate their function. The HF undergoes cyclic periods of destruction, regeneration, and rest, making it an excellent system to study SC biology.

scholarly journals Hair Follicle Epithelial Stem Cells Get Their Sox On

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela M. Christiano
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Epithelial Stem Cells

scholarly journals Hair Follicle Dermal Cells Support Expansion of Murine and Human Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Promote Haematopoiesis in Mouse Cultures

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jun Liu ◽  
Claire A. Higgins ◽  
Jenna C. Whitehouse ◽  
Susan J. Harris ◽  
Heather Crawford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Dermal Papilla ◽  
Epithelial Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Maintenance ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
Dermal Cells

In the hair follicle, the dermal papilla (DP) and dermal sheath (DS) support and maintain proliferation and differentiation of the epithelial stem cells that produce the hair fibre. In view of their regulatory properties, in this study, we investigated the interaction between hair follicle dermal cells (DP and DS) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs); induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs); and haematopoietic stem cells. We found that coculture of follicular dermal cells with ESCs or iPSCs supported their prolonged maintenance in an apparently undifferentiated state as established by differentiation assays, immunocytochemistry, and RT-PCR for markers of undifferentiated ESCs. We further showed that cytokines that are involved in ESC support are also expressed by cultured follicle dermal cells, providing a possible explanation for maintenance of ES cell stemness in cocultures. The same cytokines were expressed within folliclesin situin a pattern more consistent with a role in follicle growth activities than stem cell maintenance. Finally, we show that cultured mouse follicle dermal cells provide good stromal support for haematopoiesis in an established coculture model. Human follicular dermal cells represent an accessible and readily propagated source of feeder cells for pluripotent and haematopoietic cells and have potential for use in clinical applications.

scholarly journals Epithelial stem cells and implications for wound repair

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 946-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maksim V. Plikus ◽  
Denise L. Gay ◽  
Elsa Treffeisen ◽  
Anne Wang ◽  
Rarinthip June Supapannachart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Wound Repair ◽  
Epithelial Stem Cells

scholarly journals Keratin 15 Promoter Targets Putative Epithelial Stem Cells in the Hair Follicle Bulge

2003 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 963-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaping Liu ◽  
Stephen Lyle ◽  
Zaixin Yang ◽  
George Cotsarelis
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Epithelial Stem Cells

scholarly journals Stem cell–driven lymphatic remodeling coordinates tissue regeneration

Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 366 (6470) ◽  
pp. 1218-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiri Gur-Cohen ◽  
Hanseul Yang ◽  
Sanjeethan C. Baksh ◽  
Yuxuan Miao ◽  
John Levorse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Wound Repair ◽  
Lymphatic Drainage ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Niche Components

Tissues rely on stem cells (SCs) for homeostasis and wound repair. SCs reside in specialized microenvironments (niches) whose complexities and roles in orchestrating tissue growth are still unfolding. Here, we identify lymphatic capillaries as critical SC-niche components. In skin, lymphatics form intimate networks around hair follicle (HF) SCs. When HFs regenerate, lymphatic–SC connections become dynamic. Using a mouse model, we unravel a secretome switch in SCs that controls lymphatic behavior. Resting SCs express angiopoietin-like protein 7 (Angptl7), promoting lymphatic drainage. Activated SCs switch to Angptl4, triggering transient lymphatic dissociation and reduced drainage. When lymphatics are perturbed or the secretome switch is disrupted, HFs cycle precociously and tissue regeneration becomes asynchronous. In unearthing lymphatic capillaries as a critical SC-niche element, we have learned how SCs coordinate their activity across a tissue.

scholarly journals Nonmicrobial Activation of TLRs Controls Intestinal Growth, Wound Repair, and Radioprotection

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Stenson ◽  
Matthew A. Ciorba
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Wound Repair ◽  
Epithelial Proliferation ◽  
Epithelial Stem Cells ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
A Site ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid Binding

TLRs, key components of the innate immune system, recognize microbial molecules. However, TLRs also recognize some nonmicrobial molecules. In particular, TLR2 and TLR4 recognize hyaluronic acid, a glycosaminoglycan in the extracellular matrix. In neonatal mice endogenous hyaluronic acid binding to TLR4 drives normal intestinal growth. Hyaluronic acid binding to TLR4 in pericryptal macrophages results in cyclooxygenase2- dependent PGE2 production, which transactivates EGFR in LGR5+ crypt epithelial stem cells leading to increased proliferation. The expanded population of LGR5+ stem cells leads to crypt fission and lengthening of the intestine and colon. Blocking this pathway at any point (TLR4 activation, PGE2 production, EGFR transactivation) results in diminished intestinal and colonic growth. A similar pathway leads to epithelial proliferation in wound repair. The repair phase of dextran sodium sulfate colitis is marked by increased epithelial proliferation. In this model, TLR2 and TLR4 in pericryptal macrophages are activated by microbial products or by host hyaluronic acid, resulting in production of CXCL12, a chemokine. CXCL12 induces the migration of cyclooxygenase2-expressing mesenchymal stem cells from the lamina propria of the upper colonic crypts to a site adjacent to LGR5+ epithelial stem cells. PGE2 released by these mesenchymal stem cells transactivates EGFR in LGR5+ epithelial stem cells leading to increased proliferation. Several TLR2 and TLR4 agonists, including hyaluronic acid, are radioprotective in the intestine through the inhibition of radiation-induced apoptosis in LGR5+ epithelial stem cells. Administration of exogenous TLR2 or TLR4 agonists activates TLR2/TLR4 on pericryptal macrophages inducing CXCL12 production with migration of cyclooxygenase2-expressing mesenchymal stem cells from the lamina propria of the villi to a site adjacent to LGR5+ epithelial stem cells. PGE2 produced by these mesenchymal stem cells, blocks radiation-induced apoptosis in LGR5+ epithelial stem cells by an EGFR mediated pathway.

Stem cells of the oesophageal epithelium

2002 ◽  
Vol 115 (9) ◽  
pp. 1783-1789
Author(s):  
John P. Seery
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Epithelial Stem Cells ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World

Cancers arising in the oesophageal epithelium are among the most common fatal tumors in the world. Despite this, comparatively little is known about the cell biology and organization of this tissue. Recently, in vitro and in vivo techniques developed over the past 30 years for the study of the epidermis have been applied to the study of the oesophageal epithelium. This approach, combined with data from previous histochemical studies, has lead to the identification and isolation of putative oesophageal epithelial stem cells. Oesophageal epithelial stem cells demonstrate several unusual properties, and their identification may facilitate studies on oesophageal carcinogenesis.

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