scholarly journals SYNAPSES IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

1956 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanford L. Palay
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Cerebellar Cortex ◽  
Synaptic Vesicles ◽  
Close Apposition ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Morphological Representation

A number of different synapses have been described in the medulla, cerebellar cortex, and cerebral cortex of the rat. All of these possess the same fundamental fine structure as follows: 1. Close apposition of the limiting membranes of presynaptic and postsynaptic cells without any protoplasmic continuity across the synapse. The two apposed membranes are separated by a cleft about 200 A wide, and display localized regions of thickening and increased density. 2. The presynaptic expansion of the axon, the end-foot or bouton terminal, contains a collection of mitochondria and clusters of small vesicles about 200 to 650 A in diameter. Although the significance of these structures in the physiology of the synapse is still unknown, two suggestions are made: that the mitochondria, by means of the relation between their enzymatic activity and ion transport, participate in the electrical phenomena about the synapse; and that the small synaptic vesicles provide the morphological representation of the prejunctional, subcellular units of neurohumoral discharge at the synapse demanded by physiological evidence.

Glucuronyl 3-sulfate occurs exclusively on distal unmyelinated terminals of selected sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 958-959
Author(s):  
S.S. Spicer ◽  
B.A. Schulte
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Tissue Antigens ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Leu 7

Generation of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against tissue antigens has yielded several (VC1.1, HNK- 1, L2, 4F4 and anti-leu 7) which recognize the unique sugar epitope, glucuronyl 3-sulfate (Glc A3- SO4). In the central nervous system, these MAbs have demonstrated Glc A3-SO4 at the surface of neurons in the cerebral cortex, the cerebellum, the retina and other widespread regions of the brain.Here we describe the distribution of Glc A3-SO4 in the peripheral nervous system as determined by immunostaining with a MAb (VC 1.1) developed against antigen in the cat visual cortex. Outside the central nervous system, immunoreactivity was observed only in peripheral terminals of selected sensory nerves conducting transduction signals for touch, hearing, balance and taste. On the glassy membrane of the sinus hair in murine nasal skin, just deep to the ringwurt, VC 1.1 delineated an intensely stained, plaque-like area (Fig. 1). This previously unrecognized structure of the nasal vibrissae presumably serves as a tactile end organ and to our knowledge is not demonstrable by means other than its selective immunopositivity with VC1.1 and its appearance as a densely fibrillar area in H&E stained sections.

Developmental Overview of Central Neuroanatomy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy Mason
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Dorsal Telencephalon ◽  
Adult Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

The central nervous system develops from a proliferating tube of cells and retains a tubular organization in the adult spinal cord and brain, including the forebrain. Failure of the neural tube to close at the front is lethal, whereas failure to close the tube at the back end produces spina bifida, a serious neural tube defect. Swellings in the neural tube develop into the hindbrain, midbrain, diencephalon, and telencephalon. The diencephalon sends an outpouching out of the cranium to form the retina, providing an accessible window onto the brain. The dorsal telencephalon forms the cerebral cortex, which in humans is enormously expanded by growth in every direction. Running through the embryonic neural tube is an internal lumen that becomes the cerebrospinal fluid–containing ventricular system. The effects of damage to the spinal cord and forebrain are compared with respect to impact on self and potential for improvement.

Foundations of Neuropsychiatry

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-253
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Harvard Medical School ◽  
Massachusetts General Hospital ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Disease Entities

Gives the facts and correlation needed to understand the simple workings of the central nervous system. Serves as a preface to start the student with three dimensional orientation towards neurology and psychiatry, leading up to a description of the principal disease entities. The chapters on cerebral blood flow, the types of neurons in the autonomic system and the motor areas of the cerebral cortex have been largely rewritten. The author is Bullard Professor of Neuropathology, Harvard Medical School and Psychiatrist in Chief, Massachusetts General Hospital.

Neurodevelopment

2012 ◽  
pp. 156-160
Author(s):  
Karl Zilles
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Neural Induction ◽  
The Central Nervous System

This chapter discusses neural induction, organogenesis of the central nervous system, histogenesis of the spinal cord, histogenesis of the brainstem and cerebellum, histogenesis of the cerebral cortex, hemispheric shape and the formation of gyri, and genetic factors during development.

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