scholarly journals THE STRUCTURE OF INSECT VIRUS PARTICLES

1956 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Composite Particles ◽  
Insect Virus ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis

Thin sections have been cut of the virus particles from four types of insect virus diseases: cytoplasmic polyhedroses of lepidopterous larvae, a nuclear polyhedrosis of Tipula paludosa (Diptera), a granulosis from Melanchra persicariae (Lepidoptera), and a new virus disease without polyhedra from T. paludosa. The cytoplasmic polyhedral viruses are thought to have composite particles in some cases. The shape and enveloping membranes of the different virus particles are compared. In the new virus disease of T. paludosa some of the virus particles appear to be empty; inclusion bodies surrounded by complicated membranes are also demonstrated.

A VIRUS DISEASE OF ECTROPIS CREPUSCULARIA SCHIFF. (GEOMETRIDAE: LEPIDOPTERA)

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 855-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oswald N. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis

The morphology of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus of Ectropis crepuscularia Schiff., the histopathology of the disease, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis during the disease process were studied. The polyhedral inclusions measure 1.4 μ in diameter with a range of 0.8–2.1 μ. The virus particles are rods measuring 319 mμ by 79 mμ with a range of 280–360 mμ by 70–110 mμ. DNA labelling and nuclear swelling follow the course of previously described polyhedrosis virus diseases.

Studies of a Defective Measles Virus

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 208-209
Author(s):  
R. M. McCombs ◽  
M. Benyesh-Melnick ◽  
J. P. Brunschwig
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Helical Structures ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Extracellular Virus ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Eosinophilic Inclusions

Measles virus is an agent that is capable of replicating in a number of different culture cells and generally causes the formation of multinucleated giant cells. As a result of infection, virus is released from the cells into the culture fluids and reinfection can be initiated by this cell-free virus. The extracellular virus has been examined by negative staining with phosphotungstic acid and has been shown to be a rather pleomorphic particle with a diameter of about 140 mμ. However, no such virus particles have been detected in thin sections of the infected cells. Rather, the only virus-induced structures present in the giant cells are eosinophilic inclusions (intracytoplasmic or intranuclear). These inclusion bodies have been shown to contain helical structures, resembling the nucleocapsid observed in negatively stained preparations.

High-voltage electron microscopy of insect capsule viruses

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 224-225
Author(s):  
H.M. Mazzone ◽  
G. Wray
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Body ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Insect Virus ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
High Voltage Electron

The High-Voltage Electron Microscope (HVEM) affords the researcher an opportunity to study insect virus inclusion bodies, intact, without resorting to physical thin-sectioning or chemical degradation procedures. In this manner polyhedral inclusion bodies, isolated from insects infected with nuclopolyhedrosis viruses (NPVs) were observed with the HVEM, and the numerous viruses lying internally, clearly delineated.In the present report we used the HVEM to study, in whole mount, another type of insect virus inclusion body, that from the capsule (granulosis) viruses of two hosts, the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Drury) and the yellow wollybear, Diacrisia virginica (Fabricius). The insect capsule viruses, like the NPVs, are characterized by a crystalline protein matrix which occludes enveloped, rod-shaped virus particles. Whereas the inclusion bodies of NPVs contain a number of virus particles in each inclusion body, those of the capsule viruses contain, generally, only one virus particle in each capsule or granule.

scholarly journals ELECTRON MICROSCOPE OBSERVATIONS ON INTRACELLULAR VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES ASSOCIATED WITH THE CELLS OF THE LUCKÉ RENAL ADENOCARCINOMA

1956 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 725-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don W. Fawcett
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Hollow Spheres ◽  
Virus Multiplication ◽  
Leopard Frog ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Renal Adenocarcinoma

The common renal adenocarcinoma of the leopard frog was studied in thin sections with the electron microscope. Approximately a third of the tumors examined were found to contain spheroidal bodies of uniform size and distinctive morphology that are believed to be virus particles. These consist of hollow spheres (90 to 100 mµ) having a thick capsule and a dense inner body (35 to 40 mµ) that is eccentrically placed within the central cavity (70 to 80 mµ). Virus particles of this kind occur principally in the cytoplasm but occasionally they are also found in the nucleus and in the extracellular spaces of the tumor. The intranuclear inclusion bodies that are visible with the light microscope are largely comprised of hollow, spherical vesicles with thin limiting membranes. These are embedded in a finely granular matrix. A few of the thin walled vesicles contain a dense inner body like that of the cytoplasmic virus particles. This suggests that they may be immature virus particles. The inclusion bodies are believed to be formed in the course of virus multiplication but they usually contain very few mature virus particles. Bundles of dense filaments and peculiar vacuolar inclusions also occur in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells. These seem to be related in some way to the presence of virus but their origin and significance remain obscure. These findings are discussed in relation to previous work suggesting that the Lucké adenocarcinoma is caused by an organ-specific filtrable agent. It is concluded that the "virus particles" found in electron micrographs of the tumor cells may be the postulated tumor agent. On the other hand, the possibility remains that the particles described here are not those that are causally related to the tumors.

STAGES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TWO INSECT VIRUSES

1954 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. T. Bird ◽  
Mary M. Whalen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Free Virus ◽  
Insect Virus ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Nuclear Membranes ◽  
Small Holes ◽  
Insect Viruses

Stages in the development of viruses of two Hymenopterous insects, Diprion hercyniae (Htg.) and Neodiprion americanus banksianae Roh., are shown in electron micrographs of thin sections. Following swelling of the nuclei and nucleoli and coagulation of the chromatin, rod-shaped virus particles appear chiefly on the exposed surfaces of the chromatin. The chromatin of D. hercyniae often coagulates into separate lumps that suggest small polyhedra. These first produce rod-shaped particles on their exposed surfaces and later transform into recognizable polyhedra. The chromatin of N. a. banksianae is more uniformly dispersed, and polyhedra arise as thickenings within the chromatin. In the latter insect, virus particles are frequently observed within the developing polyhedra, suggesting that polyhedra are formed by the accumulation of protein around groups of virus particles. Both polyhedra and free virus particles are larger and denser in the nuclear sap than in the chromatin. Their formation continues in remnants of chromatin in nuclei otherwise filled with large polyhedra. An incidental observation is that the nuclear membranes of some nuclei are pitted with small holes.

Electron and light microscope studies of the development of the virus rods of insect polyhedroses

Parasitology ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 44 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 71-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. Smith ◽  
N. Xeros
Keyword(s):  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Crystalline Inclusion ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Lepidopterous Larva ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
First Time

In 1915 Glaser demonstrated for the first time that a nuclear polyhedrosis of a lepidopterous larva (Lymantria dispar), was induced by an invisible filterable virus isolated from the blood of diseased larvae. Nuclear polyhedroses of the larvae of over a 100 insect species are now known, and those of them which have been investigated have been shown to be due to viruses. In these polyhedroses the nuclei of susceptible cells, hypodermis, tracheae, fat and blood cells, etc., enlarge and become packed with infectious crystalline inclusion bodies, the polyhedra, from which the diseases get their name. The pupae and imagos of these insects are not generally susceptible to polyhedral virus diseases, and so far no nuclear polyhedrosis of imaginal tissues in the larvae has been reported. This has led to the suggestion that imaginal tissues are not susceptible to polyhedral virus diseases.

Periodic Structure in the Matrix Protein of an Insect Virus

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 302-303
Author(s):  
H.M. Mazzone ◽  
W.F. Engler ◽  
R. Zerillo ◽  
G.F. Bahr
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Body ◽  
Periodic Structure ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
Insect Virus ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Nucleopolyhedrosis Virus

The nucleopolyhedrosis virus (NPV) of the forest tent cater - pillar (Malacosoma disstria Hubner) has been analyzed in our laboratories. As a representative of the Baculovirus class, the NPV has virus particles enclosed with in a proteinaceous structure, the inclusion body.

Search mode for rapid detection of virus particles

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 286-287
Author(s):  
O. E. Bradfute
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Plant Virus ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Search Mode ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Focus Image ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Rapid Switching

Electron microscopy is frequently used in preliminary diagnosis of plant virus diseases by surveying negatively stained preparations of crude extracts of leaf samples. A major limitation of this method is the time required to survey grids when the concentration of virus particles (VPs) is low. A rapid survey of grids for VPs is reported here; the method employs a low magnification, out-of-focus Search Mode similar to that used for low dose electron microscopy of radiation sensitive specimens. A higher magnification, in-focus Confirm Mode is used to photograph or confirm the detection of VPs. Setting up the Search Mode by obtaining an out-of-focus image of the specimen in diffraction (K. H. Downing and W. Chiu, private communications) and pre-aligning the image in Search Mode with the image in Confirm Mode facilitates rapid switching between Modes.

scholarly journals INTRACELLULAR FORMS OF POX VIRUSES AS SHOWN BY THE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE (VACCINIA, ECTROMELIA, MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM)

1953 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Gaylord ◽  
Joseph L. Melnick
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Hollow Spheres ◽  
Molluscum Contagiosum ◽  
Dense Granule ◽  
Homogeneous Material ◽  
Dense Matrix ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Typical Inclusion ◽  
Mature Virus

The intracellular development of three pox viruses has been studied with the electron microscope using thin sections of infected tissue. Cells infected with vaccinia, ectromelia, and molluscum contagiosum viruses all form developmental bodies preliminary to the production of mature virus. Developmental bodies, believed to be virus precursors, are round to oval, slightly larger than mature virus particles, less dense to electrons, and have a more varied morphology. It is suggested as a working hypothesis that the process of maturation of a virus particle takes place as follows. In the earliest form the developmental bodies appear as hollow spheres, imbedded in a very dense cytoplasmic mass constituting an inclusion body, or in a less dense matrix near the nucleus in cells without typical inclusion bodies. The spheres become filled with a homogeneous material of low electron density. A small, dense granule appears in each developmental body and grows in size at the expense of the low density material. Following growth of the granule, particles are found with the dimensions of mature virus and having complex internal structure resembling bars or dumbells. Mature virus is ovoid and very dense to electrons. An "empty" interior may be found within its thick walls.

scholarly journals AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MOUSE HEPATITIS VIRUS IN TISSUE CULTURE CELLS

1965 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. David-Ferreira ◽  
R. A. Manaker
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Mouse Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Dense Material ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Tissue Culture Cells ◽  
Tubular Body ◽  
Number Of Particles

Samples taken at different intervals of time from suspension cultures of the NCTC 1469 line of mouse liver—derived (ML) cells infected with a mouse hepatitis virus have been studied with the electron microscope. The experiments revealed that the viruses are incorporated into the cells by viropexis within 1 hour after being added to the culture. An increasing number of particles are found later inside dense cytoplasmic corpuscles similar to lysosomes. In the cytoplasm of the cells from the samples taken 7 hours after inoculation, two organized structures generally associated and never seen in the controls are observed: one consists of dense material arranged in a reticular disposition (reticular inclusion); the other is formed by small tubules organized in a complex pattern (tubular body). No evidence has been found concerning their origin. Their significance is discussed. With the progression of the infection a system of membrane-bounded tubules and cisternae is differentiated in the cytoplasm of the ML cells. In the lumen of these tubules or cisternae, which are occupied by a dense material, numerous virus particles are observed. The virus particles which originate in association with the limiting membranes of tubules and cisternae are released into their lumen by a "budding" process. The virus particles are 75 mµ in diameter and possess a nucleoid constituted of dense particles or rods limiting an electron transparent core. The virus limiting membrane is sometimes covered by an outer layer of a dense material. In the cells from the samples taken 14 to 20 hours after inoculation, larger zones of the cell cytoplasm are occupied by inclusion bodies formed by channels or cisternae with their lumens containing numerous virus particles. In the samples taken 20 hours or more after the inoculation numerous cells show evident signs of degeneration.

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