scholarly journals Desmoglein Isoform Distribution Affects Stratum Corneum Structure and Function

2001 ◽  
Vol 153 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Elias ◽  
Norihisa Matsuyoshi ◽  
Hong Wu ◽  
Chenyan Lin ◽  
Zhi Hong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
Tape Stripping ◽  
Permeability Barrier ◽  
Differential Distribution ◽  
Desmoglein 3

Desmogleins are desmosomal cadherins that mediate cell–cell adhesion. In stratified squamous epithelia there are two major isoforms of desmoglein, 1 and 3, with different distributions in epidermis and mucous membrane. Since either desmoglein isoform alone can mediate adhesion, the reason for their differential distribution is not known. To address this issue, we engineered transgenic mice with desmoglein 3 under the control of the involucrin promoter. These mice expressed desmoglein 3 with the same distribution in epidermis as found in normal oral mucous membranes, while expression of other major differentiation molecules was unchanged. Although the nucleated epidermis appeared normal, the epidermal stratum corneum was abnormal with gross scaling, and a lamellar histology resembling that of normal mucous membrane. The mice died shortly after birth with severe dehydration, suggesting excessive transepidermal water loss, which was confirmed by in vitro and in vivo measurement. Ultrastructure of the stratum corneum showed premature loss of cohesion of corneocytes. This dysadhesion of corneocytes and its contribution to increased transepidermal water loss was confirmed by tape stripping. These data demonstrate that differential expression of desmoglein isoforms affects the major function of epidermis, the permeability barrier, by altering the structure of the stratum corneum.

Comparison of Transepidermal Water Loss and Spectroscopic Absorbance to Quantify Changes of the Stratum corneum after Tape Stripping

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 180-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-J. Weigmann ◽  
J. Ulrich ◽  
S. Schanzer ◽  
U. Jacobi ◽  
H. Schaefer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
Tape Stripping

Design and Evaluation of a Self-Adhesive Naproxen-Loaded Film Prepared from a Nanoparticle Dispersion

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 3235-3241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Ganem-Quintanar ◽  
Marlene Silva-Álvarez ◽  
Rocío Álvarez-Román ◽  
Norma Casas-Alancaster ◽  
Jennyfer Cázares-Delgadillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Fickian Diffusion ◽  
Release Mechanism ◽  
Tape Stripping ◽  
Cellulose Membrane ◽  
Molecular Dispersion ◽  
Calorimetric Studies

Naproxen-loaded nanoparticles were used to prepare, in a one-step process, unilaminar films of Eudragit E-100 (EE-100), avoiding the use of organic solvents and assuring the homogeneity and molecular dispersion of the drug. Nanoparticle films (NP-F) and conventional films (CV-F, prepared by casting of methanolic solutions onto a Teflon disc) were assayed by their mechanical properties, skin adhesivity, and calorimetric studies to compare their behavior. Different proportions of plasticizer (triacetin) were included to evaluate the quality of the films. Film characterization included in vitro drug release studies through a cellulose membrane using Franz-type cells, and in vivo stratum corneum penetration experiments by the tape stripping technique. The results showed that NP-F were semi-transparent to transparent, suggesting a good compatibility between naproxen and EE-100. Differential calorimetric studies (DSC) confirmed a molecular dispersion of naproxen in the EE-100 matrix. Taking into account the mechanical properties of the films, a 20% triacetin concentration can be considered as optimal for both types of films. The in vitro release data obtained from both systems (NP-F and CV-F) followed the Higuchi's model for matrix systems, with the Fickian diffusion (t0.5) being the main release mechanism. Concerning the in vivo penetration studies, no statistical differences were found for the penetrated amount of naproxen across the stratum corneum and the depth of penetration for the two films and between the three contact times (2, 4, and 6 h). The films formulated from nanoparticle dispersions (NP-F) were shown to be effective for the transdermal administration of naproxen, and can be considered as an interesting alternative for the preparation of films with several technological advantages.

scholarly journals An Extract from Ficus carica Cell Cultures Works as an Anti-Stress Ingredient for the Skin

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 515
Author(s):  
Irene Dini ◽  
Danila Falanga ◽  
Ritamaria Di Lorenzo ◽  
Annalisa Tito ◽  
Gennaro Carotenuto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
Ficus Carica ◽  
In Vitro Test

Psychological stress activates catecholamine production, determines oxidation processes, and alters the lipid barrier functions in the skin. Scientific evidence associated with the detoxifying effect of fruits and vegetables, the growing awareness of the long-term issues related to the use of chemical-filled cosmetics, the aging of the population, and the increase in living standards are the factors responsible for the growth of food-derived ingredients in the cosmetics market. A Ficus carica cell suspension culture extract (FcHEx) was tested in vitro (on keratinocytes cells) and in vivo to evaluate its ability to manage the stress-hormone-induced damage in skin. The FcHEx reduced the epinephrine (−43% and −24% at the concentrations of 0.002% and 0.006%, respectively), interleukin 6 (−38% and −36% at the concentrations of 0.002% and 0.006%, respectively), lipid peroxide (−25%), and protein carbonylation (−50%) productions; FcHEx also induced ceramide synthesis (+150%) and ameliorated the lipid barrier performance. The in vivo experiments confirmed the in vitro test results. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL; −12.2%), sebum flow (−46.6% after two weeks and −73.8% after four weeks; on the forehead −56.4% after two weeks and −80.1% after four weeks), and skin lightness (+1.9% after two weeks and +2.7% after four weeks) defined the extract’s effects on the skin barrier. The extract of the Ficus carica cell suspension cultures reduced the transepidermal water loss, the sebum production, the desquamation, and facial skin turning to a pale color from acute stress, suggesting its role as an ingredient to fight the signs of psychological stress in the skin.

scholarly journals Monitoring Transepidermal Water Loss and Skin Wettedness Factor with Battery-Free NFC Sensor

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 5549
Author(s):  
Syed Muhammad Ali ◽  
Wan-Young Chung
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Skin Wettedness ◽  
Moisture Content Level ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor Environments ◽  
Skin Moisture

The transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and the skin wettedness factor (SWF) are considered parts of a key perspective related to skincare. The former is used to determine the loss of water content from the stratum corneum (SC), while the latter is used to determine the human skin comfort level. Herein, we developed two novel approaches: (1) determination of the TEWL and the SWF based on a battery-free humidity sensor, and (2) the design of a battery-free smart skincare sensor device tag that can harvest energy from a near field communication (NFC)-enabled smartphone, making it a battery-free design approach. The designed skincare device tag has a diameter of 2.6 cm and could harvest energy (~3 V) from the NFC-enabled smartphone. A series of experimental tests involving the participation of eight and six subjects were conducted in vivo for the indoor and outdoor environments, respectively. During the experimental analysis, the skin moisture content level was measured at different times of the day using an android smartphone. The TEWL and SWF values were calculated based on these sensor readings. For the TEWL case: if the skin moisture is high, the TEWL is high, and if the skin moisture is low, the TEWL is low, ensuring that the skin moisture and the TEWL follow the same trend. Our smart skincare device is enclosed in a 3D flexible design print, and it is battery-free with an android application interface that is more convenient to carry outside than other commercially available battery-based devices.

scholarly journals Ezrin is an Actin Binding Protein That Regulates Sertoli Cell and Spermatid Adhesion During Spermatogenesis

Endocrinology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (10) ◽  
pp. 3981-3995 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Ece Gungor-Ordueri ◽  
Elizabeth I. Tang ◽  
Ciler Celik-Ozenci ◽  
C. Yan Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Sertoli Cell ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Adherens Junction ◽  
Actin Binding ◽  
Permeability Barrier ◽  
Tight Junction Permeability ◽  
Residual Bodies ◽  
Cell Interface

Abstract During spermatogenesis, the transport of spermatids and the release of sperms at spermiation and the remodeling of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) in the seminiferous epithelium of rat testes require rapid reorganization of the actin-based cytoskeleton. However, the mechanism(s) and the regulatory molecule(s) remain unexplored. Herein we report findings that unfold the functional significance of ezrin in the organization of the testis-specific adherens junction at the spermatid-Sertoli cell interface called apical ectoplasmic specialization (ES) in the adluminal compartment and the Sertoli cell-cell interface known as basal ES at the BTB. Ezrin is expressed at the basal ES/BTB in all stages, except from late VIII to IX, of the epithelial cycle. Its knockdown by RNA interference (RNAi) in vitro perturbs the Sertoli cell tight junction-permeability barrier via a disruption of the actin microfilaments in Sertoli cells, which in turn impeded basal ES protein (eg, N-cadherin) distribution, perturbing the BTB function. These findings were confirmed by a knockdown study in vivo. However, the expression of ezrin at the apical ES is restricted to stage VIII of the cycle and limited only between step 19 spermatids and Sertoli cells. A knockdown of ezrin in vivo by RNAi was found to impede spermatid transport, causing defects in spermiation in which spermatids were embedded deep inside the epithelium, and associated with a loss of spermatid polarity. Also, ezrin was associated with residual bodies and phagosomes, and its knockdown by RNAi in the testis also impeded the transport of residual bodies/phagosomes from the apical to the basal compartment. In summary, ezrin is involved in regulating actin microfilament organization at the ES in rat testes.

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