scholarly journals A METHOD FOR ISOLATING INTACT MITOCHONDRIA AND NUCLEI FROM THE SAME HOMOGENATE, AND THE INFLUENCE OF MITOCHONDRIAL DESTRUCTION ON THE PROPERTIES OF CELL NUCLEI

1955 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander L. Dounce ◽  
Robert F. Witter ◽  
Kenneth J. Monty ◽  
Sidney Pate ◽  
Mary A. Cottone
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Cell Disruption ◽  
New Method ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Ph Adjustment ◽  
Glass Homogenizer ◽  
High Degree

1. An improved type of ground glass homogenizer for soft tissues has been described which brings about a high degree of cell disruption and liberation of nuclei without causing appreciable damage to mitochondria. The gentleness and effectiveness of the new homogenizer in respect to isolation of mitochondria have been ascertained by comparing the ATP-ase activities of mitochondria isolated in 0.25 M sucrose solution without pH adjustment using a previous type of homogenizer with those of mitochondria isolated under the same conditions with the aid of the new homogenizer. In these experiments sucrose of 0.25 molarity without pH adjustment has been used in order to maintain the mitochondria in a rather sensitive state so as to make slightly deleterious effects of homogenization readily apparent. 2. A new method is described for the isolation of morphologically intact mitochondria and cell nuclei from the same homogenate. In this procedure the pH of the homogenate in 0.44 M sucrose is maintained at 6.0–6.2 with citric acid during the homogenization. An alternative method employing 0.44 M sucrose plus 0.005 M CaCl2 is given for the isolation of nuclei from tumor cells. However, the latter method does not produce unaltered mitochondria. 3. The α-ketoglutarate, malate, succinate, and hexanoate oxidases of the "intact" mitochondria isolated in 0.44 M sucrose adjusted to pH 6.0–6.2 with very dilute citric acid as described in this paper have been investigated, and it has been shown that the mitochondria compare favorably to those isolated in 0.25 M sucrose by a previously described method. 4. Mitochondria have been found to contain an enzyme which causes nuclei to lose their ability to form gels in dilute alkali. This enzyme is released from the mitochondria when the latter are disrupted. 5. Some properties of nuclei isolated by the new method have been briefly discussed.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Scanning and Two-Wavelength Microspectrophotometry

1958 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 707-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mortimer L. Mendelsohn ◽  
Brian M. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Ascites Tumor ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Comparison Of Results ◽  
High Degree

Because of the absence of suitable standards, microspectrophotometry suffers from a lack of objective verification. An approach to this problem is suggested which is based on the comparison of results obtained when different techniques or instruments are applied to the same objects. The application of this approach to scanning versus two-wavelength photometry has been justified by the widely different bases of these two methods. A group of ascites tumor cells stained with gallocyanin-chrome alum was measured successively with both methods and a high degree of proportionality between the two sets of results was found. This suggests that the two methods measure the same quality of the cells within a standard deviation of 3.39 per cent. This degree of correlation is a verification of the accuracy of both of the methods and shows that either one is suitable for resolving differences in stain content between cell nuclei of the order of 10 per cent.

CYTOLOGY OF POPLAR SPECIES AND NATURAL HYBRIDS

1938 ◽  
Vol 16c (11) ◽  
pp. 445-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. Peto
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Size ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Good Pollen ◽  
Natural Hybrids ◽  
Pollen Diameter ◽  
High Degree

Complete analyses of pollen-mother-cell nuclei at first metaphase, percentage good pollen, pollen diameter and pollen-size distribution were determired for the following poplar species and natural hybrids: Populus grandidentata Michx., P. tremuloides Michx., P. eugenei Simon Louis, P. alba L., P. canescens Sm., natural hybrids of P. alba × P. grandidentata and of P. alba × P. tremuloides.Both of the P. alba and two of the four P. canescens trees examined were triploids (2n = 57) while all other trees examined were diploids (2n = 38). Meiotic observations on the natural hybrids indicated a high degree of homology between the chromosomes of P. alba and the native aspens (P. grandidentata and P. tremuloides), since 17 to 19 bivalents were usually found at first metaphase. In collections from one triploid P. canescens and two diploid alba-grandidentata hybrid trees, failure of a high proportion of the chromosomes to pair was attributed to genetic factors limiting pairing, rather than to non-homology.Pollen characters such as percentage good pollen, pollen diameter, and pollen size distribution were, in most cases, not indicative of the chromosome number or pairing relations at first metaphase. Consequently, triploids could not be detected by pollen observations under the conditions of this experiment. In spite of the lack of correlation between first metaphase and pollen observations, abnormally large pollen grains were observed in collections from several of the trees, and these were considered to contain the diploid or unreduced chromosome complement. The tendency for the poplars to produce unreduced pollen grains probably accounts for the number of triploid trees discovered in Canada and Sweden.

scholarly journals Expression of nestin and vimentin in gliomatosis cerebri

2006 ◽  
Vol 64 (3b) ◽  
pp. 781-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlete Hilbig ◽  
Lígia Maria Barbosa-Coutinho ◽  
Nadima Toscani ◽  
Marlise de Castro Ribeiro ◽  
Bartira Silveira Campos da Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Nervous Tissue ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Gliomatosis Cerebri ◽  
Acidic Protein ◽  
Rare Form ◽  
Tumor Mass ◽  
Undifferentiated Cells ◽  
High Degree

Gliomatosis cerebri (GC) is a rare form of CNS neoplasia in which there is diffuse involvement of the nervous tissue with or without the presence of tumor mass. The origin of the tumor is unknown, nor whether it represents a disease with diffuse onset or infiltration from a neoplastic focus. Here we studied the histopathologic characteristics of 6 cases with a diagnosis of GC and performed an immunohistochemical analysis using glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), synaptophysin, nestin and vimentin. Most tumor cells were negative for GFAP, even though there were foci of positivity for this marker in all cases. We detected the presence of many positive cells for nestin and vimentin in all studied samples. The presence of these cells may indicate origin of the tumor from undifferentiated cells with a high degree of mobility.

scholarly journals New methods of investigation of the external base of skull at fatal injuries inpassenger compartment

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-94
Author(s):  
A. B. Shadymov ◽  
A. S. Novosyolov
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
New Method ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Skull Fractures ◽  
Passenger Compartment ◽  
Mechanism Of Formation ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Base Of Skull ◽  
Facial Soft Tissues ◽  
Fatal Injuries

Basal skull fractures are frequent and cause certain difficulties in detection of the mechanism of their formation. Common dissecting methods do not allow detailed study of the external base of skull and deform facial soft tissues. A new method is developed, which allows determining the mechanism of formation of constructional fractures of the basal skull and pterygoid processes at various injuries, in particular, inside a passenger compartment at headon collision of motor vehicles. The method is registered as an invention.

A new way of radical inguinal hernia surgery

1936 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1147-1147
Author(s):  
Тг. Bona
Keyword(s):  
Inguinal Hernia ◽  
Spermatic Cord ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Radical Surgery ◽  
New Method ◽  
Inguinal Ligament ◽  
Hernia Surgery ◽  
Hernial Sac ◽  
Inguinal Hernia Surgery

Description of a new method of radical surgery for an inguinal hernia, which probably prevents, in A.'s opinion, the development of relapses and other complications after this city of operations (suppuration, hematomas). After the usual incision of the soft tissues parallel to the inguinal ligament, isolation of the spermatic cord and hernial sac, and resection of the latter, two rows of sutures are applied.

scholarly journals Quantification of Cell Nuclei Isolated from Hepatocytes by Cell Lysis with Nonionic Detergent in Citric Acid.

1991 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshifumi Horiuti ◽  
Motohiro Ogishima ◽  
Kazuo Yano ◽  
Yuzo Shibuya
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Cell Lysis ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Nonionic Detergent

The Identification of Accelerated Coagulability

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Caprini ◽  
L. Zuckerman ◽  
E. Cohen ◽  
J.P. Vagher ◽  
V. Lipp
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
New Method ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Coagulation Tests ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Incorrect Classification

This report describes a new method for comparing overall clotting characteristics between normal individuals and those with proven malignancy using thrombelastographic (TEG) comparison of native and celite-activated specimens. Native whole blood TEG, celite-activated TEG, and standard coagulation tests were performed on the same blood collection in 90 normals and 90 patients with new malignancies and the results were used to derive a discriminate equation This equation classified correctly all 90 normals and 88 out of 90 cancer patients. The formulation was verified with an additional 82 patients with only one incorrect classification in the 31 cancer subjects. The standard coagulation tests did not discriminate without significant overlap between cancer patients and normals. The high degree of discrimination obtained with our TEG analysis provides a new tool to compare individual clotting differences that may have important clinical applications. However, the results cannot be extrapolated to selectively identify those with malignancy among the general population since many other stimuli may produce accelerated coagulability. This analysis does provide identification of accelerated coagulability in association with new malignancies.

A New Method for High-Degree Spline Interpolation: Proof of Continuity for Piecewise Polynomials

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 655-669
Author(s):  
A. Pepin ◽  
S. S. Beauchemin ◽  
S. Léger ◽  
N. Beaudoin
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Discrete Fourier Transform ◽  
Spline Interpolation ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
New Method ◽  
System Of Equations ◽  
Piecewise Polynomials ◽  
Odd Degree ◽  
High Degree

AbstractEffective and accurate high-degree spline interpolation is still a challenging task in today’s applications. Higher degree spline interpolation is not so commonly used, because it requires the knowledge of higher order derivatives at the nodes of a function on a given mesh.In this article, our goal is to demonstrate the continuity of the piecewise polynomials and their derivatives at the connecting points, obtained with a method initially developed by Beaudoin (1998, 2003) and Beauchemin (2003). This new method, involving the discrete Fourier transform (DFT/FFT), leads to higher degree spline interpolation for equally spaced data on an interval $[0,T]$. To do this, we analyze the singularities that may occur when solving the system of equations that enables the construction of splines of any degree. We also note an important difference between the odd-degree splines and even-degree splines. These results prove that Beaudoin and Beauchemin’s method leads to spline interpolation of any degree and that this new method could eventually be used to improve the accuracy of spline interpolation in traditional problems.

A Novel Non-Destructive Method for Measuring Elastic Moduli of Cultivated Cartilage Tissues

2007 ◽  
Vol 342-343 ◽  
pp. 853-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duk Young Jung ◽  
Yu Bong Kang ◽  
Toshie Tsuchiya ◽  
Sadami Tsutsumi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bulk Modulus ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Articular Chondrocytes ◽  
Collagen Gel ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Silicone Rubbers ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Non Destructive

Accurate measurement of the mechanical properties of artificial or cultivated cartilage is a major factor for determining successive regeneration of defective soft tissues. In this study, we developed a novel method that enabled the bulk modulus (k-modulus) to be measured nondestructively using the relationship between volume and pressure of living soft tissues. In order to validate this method we estimated the bulk modulus of soft silicone rubbers using our new method and a conventional method. The results showed a 5 ~ 10% difference between the results obtained with the two methods. Our method was used subsequently to measure the mechanical properties of cultivated cartilage samples (collagen gel type), that had been incubated for four weeks in the presence or absence of human articular chondrocytes (HACs). Our experiments showed that cultivated cartilage tissues grown in the presence of HACs had a higher bulk modulus (120 ± 20 kPa) than samples grown without HACs (90 ± 15 kPa). The results indicated that our novel method offered an effective method for measurement of volume changes in minute living soft tissues, with the measurements having a high degree of accuracy and precision. Furthermore, this method has significant advantages over conventional approaches as it can be used to rapidly and accurately evaluate the strength of soft tissues during cultivation without causing damage to the specimen.

scholarly journals Role of nuclear glycogen synthase and cytoplasmic UDP glucose pyrophosphorylase in the biosynthesis of nuclear glycogen in HD33 Ehrlich-Lettré ascites tumor cells.

1981 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Granzow ◽  
M Kopun ◽  
H P Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Ascites Tumor ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Isolated Nuclei ◽  
Glycogen Synthase Activity

Biochemical and autoradiographic evidence show both glycogen synthesis and the presence of glycogen synthase (UDP glucose [UDPG]: glycogen 4-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase; EC 2.4.1.11) in isolated nuclei of Ehrlich-Lettré mouse ascites tumor cells of the mutant subline HD33. 5 d after tumor transplantation, glycogen (average 5-7 pg/cell) is stored mainly in the cell nuclei. The activity of glycogen synthase in isolated nuclei is 14.5 mU/mg protein. At least half of the total cellular glycogen synthase activity is present in the nuclei. The nuclear glycogen synthase activity exists almost exclusively in its b form. The Km value for (a + b) glycogen synthase is 1 x 10(-3) M UDPG, the activation constant is 5 x 10(-3) M glucose-6-phosphate (Glc-6-P). Light and electron microscopic autoradiographs of isolated nuclei incubated with UDP-[1-3H]glucose show the highest activity of glycogen synthesis not only in the periphery of glycogen deposits but also in interchromatin regions unrelated to detectable glycogen particles. Together with earlier findings on nuclear glycogen synthesis in intact HD33 ascites tumor cells (Zimmermann, H.-P., V. Granzow, and C. Granzow. 1976. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 54:115-123), the results of tests on isolated nuclei suggest a predominantly appositional mode of nuclear glycogen deposition, without participation of the nuclear membrane system. In intact cells, synthesis of UDPG for nuclear glycogen synthesis depends on the activity of the exclusively cytoplasmic UDPG pyrophosphorylase (UTP: alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase; EC 2.7.7.9). However, we conclude that glycogen synthesis is not exclusively a cytoplasmic function and that the mammalian cell nucleus is capable of synthesizing glycogen.

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