Propylene Glycol Vapor Contamination in Controlled Environment Growth Chambers: Toxicity to Corn and Soybean Plants

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genhua Niu* ◽  
Laura McConnell ◽  
Vangimalla R. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Soybean Plants

Inter- and intra-varietal variation in aerobic methane emissions from environmentally stressed pea plants

Botany ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (12) ◽  
pp. 837-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Awatif M. Abdulmajeed ◽  
Mohammad I. Abo Gamar ◽  
Mirwais M. Qaderi
Keyword(s):  
Stress Factors ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Uvb Radiation ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Varietal Variation ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Two Temperature

Environmental stress factors can influence methane (CH4) emissions from plants. There are a few studies on the interactive effects of stress factors on plant aerobic CH4, but none on the comparative evaluation of CH4 emissions between and among plant varieties. We examined the effects of temperature, UVB radiation, and watering regime on CH4 emissions from 10 pea (Pisum sativum L.) varieties first and then selected two varieties with the highest (237J Sundance; var. 1) and lowest (422 Ho Lan Dow; var. 2) emissions for further studies. Plants were grown in controlled-environment growth chambers under two temperature regimes (22 °C / 18 °C and 28 °C / 24 °C, 16 h light / 8 h dark), two UVB levels (0 and 5 kJ·m−2·d−1), and two watering regimes (well-watered and water-stressed) for 14 days, after one week of growth under 22 °C / 18 °C. Higher temperatures and water stress increased CH4 emissions, and increased emission was associated with stress. Pea varieties varied in growth and CH4 emissions; var. 1 was more stressed and had higher emission than var. 2. In the stressed variety, the water-stressed plants grown under higher temperatures at UVB5 had the highest CH4 emission, whereas the well-watered plants grown under lower temperatures at UVB5 had the lowest emission. We conclude that climatic stress conditions increase CH4 emissions, which vary with plant varieties.

scholarly journals Response of Sorghum to Cold Stress at Early Developmental Stage

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Amandin Rutayisire ◽  
Geoffrey Lubadde ◽  
Alice Mukayiranga ◽  
Richard Edema
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Early Developmental Stage ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Early Developmental

Native and adapted to the semiarid tropical regions of Africa, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is generally sensitive to cold temperatures, especially during the early developmental stages. However, there is genetic variability within the existing germplasm in terms of tolerance to low temperatures. The highland regions of Africa possess important sources of germplasm with adaptation to cold stress, since they tend to be cooler than the low land regions. The goals of the study were to evaluate and identify sorghum lines with tolerance to cold temperature stress and make recommendations on varieties that may be planted in the East African highland regions or used in plant breeding programs for cold tolerance. Forty sorghum genotypes were evaluated for emergence, shoot, and root development at seedling stage under controlled environment in growth chambers and in the field. Significant genotypic differences were detected for all evaluated traits. Correlation between controlled environment experiments and field trial results was mostly significant, suggesting that the growth chambers can be used to predict and identify cold-tolerant genotypes. Results showed that emergence and vigor are the best surrogate traits for selecting cold-tolerant genotypes. Using rank summation index, we were able to identify the best cold-tolerant sorghum genotypes (IS 25557, IS 25558, IS 25546, BM6, BM 29, IESV 90042LT, and Cytanobe) that can be used in future breeding programs and enhance adaptation and expansion of sorghum production further into the highland regions of Africa.

scholarly journals A Zoospore Inoculation Method with Phytophthora sojae to Assess the Prophylactic Role of Silicon on Soybean Cultivars

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
pp. 1632-1638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valérie Guérin ◽  
Amandine Lebreton ◽  
Erik E. Cogliati ◽  
Sue E. Hartley ◽  
François Belzile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Infection ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Phytophthora Sojae ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Direct Inoculation ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Root Resistance

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether silicon (Si) amendments, known to have a prophylactic role against biotrophic and hemibiotrophic pathogens, could protect soybean against Phytophthora sojae. To fulfill this objective, the initial challenge was to develop a method of inoculation that reproduced the natural infection process while allowing regular Si feeding to the plants. In a first set of experiments, inoculation of P. sojae zoospores directly into hydroponic solutions led to reproducible infections and expected phenotypes when using ‘Williams’ (rps), ‘L75-6141’ (Rps1a), ‘haro15’ (Rps1k), and ‘L77-1863’ (Rps1b) soybean challenged to races 3 and 7 of P. sojae. This approach offers the advantage of testing simultaneously many soybean cultivars against different races of P. sojae in a controlled environment, and the expression of partial and root resistance. In a second set of experiments aimed at testing the effect of Si, our results clearly showed that Si amendments had a significant effect on disease reduction and plant yield. The effect was particularly noticeable when combined with a cultivar displaying a certain level of resistance to the disease. These results demonstrate a useful method of direct inoculation of soybean plants with P. sojae zoospores through a hydroponic system and show that Si amendments can represent an alternative method of control of P. sojae against soybean.

scholarly journals Influence of Cultivar and Seasonal Growing Environment on Growth and Postharvest Characteristics of Single-shoot Pot Rose Plants

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-141
Author(s):  
José Antonio Saraiva Grossi ◽  
H. Brent Pemberton ◽  
Harvey J. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Photon Flux ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Flower Longevity ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Flower Diameter ◽  
Single Shoot ◽  
Growing Environment ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Growing Conditions

Rooted liners of pot rose (Rosa L.) cultivars Meiferjac, Meigagul, Meighivon, Meishulo, Ruijef, Ruidodo, and Ruirosora were used to study the influence of cultivar and seasonal growing environment on growth and postharvest performance. Single-shoot plants were grown in controlled environment chambers simulating summer (30 °C day/21 °C night cycle with a 14-hour photoperiod) and winter (21 °C day/16 °C night cycle with a 10-hour photoperiod) greenhouse growing conditions. At flower developmental stage 2 (showing color, calyx reflexing, no petals reflexed), the plants were placed in a continuously lighted simulated interior evaluation room at 21 ± 1 °C under 15 μmol·m-2·s-1 photosynthetic photon flux from cool-white fluorescent lamps for postharvest evaluations. Plants had quicker flowering, smaller flower diameter, more compact growth, and smaller leaf area when grown under the summer environment compared to the winter environment. Most cultivars exhibited greater flower longevity on summer-grown plants when compared to winter-grown ones. `Ruirosora' did not exhibit this difference due to exceptional longevity on winter-grown plants. Also, the use of single-shoot plants was shown to be a potentially useful way to increase replication in small growing environments such as growth chambers.

Photosynthetic 14C-labeling patterns in developing soybeans

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 1505-1512 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Noble ◽  
D. W. Long ◽  
J. W. Burley
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Insoluble Residue ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Seed Age ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
14C Labeling

Soybean plants (Glycine max 'Harasoy') were cultured in a controlled environment room and studied at seven ages ranging from 16 to 40 days after flowering. Fruits from each age group were labeled by translocation of organic compounds from leaves which had photosynthetically incorporated 14CO2. Leaf blades, petioles, and seeds were extracted in boiling ethanol at the termination of labeling experiments. Seeds were also harvested and extracted 1, 2, and 8 days after labeling. Distribution of label in leaf blades and petioles was essentially the same in all age groups with more than 90% of the activity in petioles being found in carbohydrates. Little or no translocation of amino acids and organic acids was occurring. In seeds, most of the label appeared in the carbohydrate fraction immediately after labeling; however, at 2 and 8 days after labeling the label seemed to be transferred to lipids and the ethanol-insoluble residue. The rate of transfer decreased as a function of seed age. Levels of activity in the amino acid and organic acid fractions were low in all samples.

scholarly journals Priming Leek Seed for Improved Germination and Emergence at High Temperature

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1077-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Parera ◽  
Daniel J. Cantliffe
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Coefficient Of Velocity ◽  
Peg 8000

`Verina' leek (AIlium porrum L.) seed germination is normally reduced at temperatures > 25C. Leek seeds were primed in aerated solutions (1.5 MPa, 10 days at 15C) of d-mannitol (mannitol), polyethylene glycol-8000 (PEG), KNO, and a nonaerated solution of PEG-8000 (PEG). At high temperatures mannitol, PEG, and PEG significantly enhanced germination percentage relative to KNO, or the control. At constant 30C, the mannitol, PEG, and PEG treatments increased final germination almost 10 times and the coefficient of velocity (COV) was improved compared to KNO, and the control. 10 growth chambers with alternating day/night temperatures (38 to 28C or 32 to 22C, 10 to 14 hours, respectively), primed seeds had significantly higher emergence and a larger COV than the control. In a greenhouse study under good conditions for germination, total emergence of primed and nonprimed seeds was similar; however, mannitol, PEG, and PEG led to a significantly higher COV than the control or KNO, treatments. These controlled-environment results demonstrate that priming leek seeds via mannitol, PEG, and PEG may promote early emergence at high temperature and improve stand uniformity for container transplant production.

scholarly journals CAN PLANTS DETECT SMALL DIFFERENCES IN IRRADIANCE OBTAINED BY VARYING THE REFLECTANCE PROPERTIES OF THE GROWTH CHAMBER WALLS?

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 656b-656
Author(s):  
Donald T. Krizek ◽  
Roman M. Mirecki ◽  
Alton L. Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Wall Surface ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Environment Study ◽  
Growth Chambers

A controlled-environment study was conducted in separate growth chambers with the wall surface covered either with white enamel paint (WEP) or polished aluminum (PA). `Williams' soybean were grown under 1500 mA cool white fluorescent lamps and internodes measured at 7, 14, and 21 days. Photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) levels in the center of each chamber were set at 320 μmol m-2 s-1 with a quantum sensor. Means ± SD for PPF levels in the WEP and PA chambers were 286 ± 28 and 307 ± 11 μmol m-2 s-1, respectively. This increase in mean PPF and decrease in variance of PPF in the PA chamber was reflected in: a) a decrease in hypocotyl, first internode, and total shoot elongation: and b) an increase in enlargement of the primary and the first trifoliolate leaves. These findings demonstrate that plants can detect small differences in irradiance within a growth chamber and suggest the advantages of using a highly polished wall surface to improve uniformity of irradiance and reduce variability in growth.

VARIABILITY OF PLANT GROWTH WITHIN CONTROLLED-ENVIRONMENT CHAMBERS AS RELATED TO TEMPERATURE AND LIGHT DISTRIBUTION

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARY MEASURES ◽  
PEARL WEINBERGER ◽  
H. BAER
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Position Effect ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Light Distribution ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Growth Chambers

Measurements of temperature and light intensity were made at different locations within three growth chambers. Environmental factors were found to vary with location. A great variability in the growth and development of cucumber and corn was noted in plants grown within these growth chambers. This "position effect" significantly affected the population homogeneity at the 5% level. The possibility of a bias of experimental data and the requirement for randomization and rotation of plants within a growth chamber are highlighted by the present study.

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