Effects of Organic and Plant Residue Quality and Orchard Management Practices on Decomposition Rates of Residues

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 441-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuan M. Goh ◽  
Shane S. Tutua
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Residue Quality ◽  
Decomposition Rates ◽  
Orchard Management ◽  
Plant Residue Quality

A rapid method for assessment of plant residue quality

2003 ◽  
Vol 166 (5) ◽  
pp. 662-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praveen-Kumar ◽  
Jagadish C. Tarafdar ◽  
Jitendra Panwar ◽  
Shyam Kathju
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Method ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Residue Quality ◽  
Plant Residue Quality

Preliminary Performance of the Computerized Inventory-Monitoring System for Pine Seed Orchards

1985 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-176
Author(s):  
Scott A. Merkle ◽  
Peter P. Feret ◽  
David L. Bramlett
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Predictive Performance ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Productivity Data ◽  
Orchard Management ◽  
Sources Of Variation

Abstract A seed orchard Inventory-Monitoring System (IMS) and companion computer program were tested for predictive accuracy and monitoring effectiveness in an operational loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) seed orchard. The IMS was used to predict 1980 and 1981 cone harvests by tracking the survival of strobili on sample trees representing each producing clone in the orchard. The 1980 cone harvest was substantially overestimated, possibly due to the use of generalized cone efficiency estimates. Predictions for the 1981 cone harvest, made with the benefit of clonal cone efficiency estimates from the 1980 crop, were much more accurate, under-estimating the actual harvest by as little as 5%.Predictive performance of the IMS is expected to improve with accumulation of productivity data for each clone and with the reduction of nonclonal sources of variation resulting from improved orchard management practices. Seed orchard-to-nursery efficiency (SO-NE) data from the system's monitoring function showed that low SO-NE values for the orchard of 22 % in 1980 and 24 % in 1981 were due mainly to low cone efficiency and low seed efficiency.2

scholarly journals Ecological dynamics of the almond floral microbiome in relation to crop management and pollination

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert N. Schaeffer ◽  
David W. Crowder ◽  
Javier Gutiérrez Illán ◽  
John J. Beck ◽  
Tadashi Fukami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
List Type ◽  
Floral Tissue ◽  
Fungal Abundance ◽  
Orchard Management ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

AbstractCrop tissues harbor microbiomes that can affect host health and yield. However, processes driving microbiome assembly, and resulting effects on ecosystem services, remain poorly understood. This is particularly true of flowering crops that rely on pollinators for yield.We assessed effects of orchard management tactics and landscape context on the flower microbiome in almond, Prunus dulcis. Fourteen orchards (5 conventional, 4 organic, 5 habitat augmentation) were sampled at two bloom stages to characterize bacterial and fungal communities associated with floral tissues. The surveys were complemented by in vitro experiments to assess effects of arrival order and fungicides on nectar microbial communities, and effects of fungicides and microbes on honey bee foraging. Finally, a field trial was conducted to test effects of fungicides and microbes on pollination.As bloom progressed, bacterial and fungal abundance and diversity increased, across all floral tissue types and management strategies. The magnitude by which microbial abundance and diversity were affected varied, with host proximity to apiaries and orchard management having notable effects on bacteria and fungi, respectively.Experiments showed immigration history and fungicides affected the composition of nectar microbial communities, but only fungicides affected pollinator foraging through reduced nectar removal. Neither treatment affected pollination services.Synthesis and applications. Our results shed light on routes through which management practices can shape microbiota associated with flowers of a pollinator-dependent crop. With growing appreciation for the role of floral-associated microbes in affecting biotic interactions at the floral interface, understanding such drivers can potentially inform microbial-derived ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes, including pollination and biocontrol.

scholarly journals The spatial degradation of Riceland and farmers perception of its causal factors and strategic adaptations

2021 ◽  
Vol 892 (1) ◽  
pp. 012021
Author(s):  
D Napitupulu ◽  
D R Siagian ◽  
S E Nurzannah
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Strategic Actions ◽  
Integrated Crop Management

Abstract Deli Serdang District is among the highest rice producer districts in North Sumatera Province. Unfortunately, climate change and improper cultivation management practices degrade riceland fertility and affect stagnant rice productivity over the years. This study aims to identify the spatial pattern of the limited-factors for riceland suitability and determine land degradation factors and the strategic actions to increase rice production. This study was conducted in 2019 in six districts and interviewed sixty farmers for getting information about riceland degradation issue. The field survey, soil analysis and household-based survey are some methods implemented in this study. The two tools, ArcGIS and SPSS, were used to gain the purposes of the research. The results show that the low status of nutrient availability, root condition and nutrient retention are the main factors of riceland degradation. Besides, this study found that climate change, lack of organic fertilizer implementation, water scarcity and excessive chemical fertilization implementation were significant factors of land degradation based on farmers perception. In addition, some of the strategic actions were frequently implemented to minimize the degradation rate are implementing the minimum tillage, using certified seed, giving a fallow season for riceland and recycling plant residue as organic fertilizer. The study suggests implementing the proper cultivation management practices like Integrated Crop Management (ICM) and Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) to achieve the sustainability of rice production.

Revegetating Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula)-Infested Rangeland with Native Tallgrasses

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Masters ◽  
Scott J. Nissen
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Leafy Spurge ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Big Bluestem ◽  
Perennial Weed ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
No Till

Degradation of Great Plains rangelands can be linked to past management practices that reduced native species diversity and accelerated establishment and expansion of exotic weeds and less desirable native species. Leafy spurge is an exotic perennial weed that infests more than 1 million ha in the northern Great Plains and reduces rangeland carrying capacity by competing with desirable forages and causing infested areas to be undesirable to cattle and wildlife. Research was conducted to determine the feasibility of using herbicides to suppress leafy spurge and other resident vegetation, which facilitated planting and establishment of native tallgrasses. Four experiments were conducted where 0.28, 0.56, and 0.84 kg ai/ha imazapyr and 0.1 kg ai/ha sulfometuron were applied alone and in combination and 0.84 kg ai/ha glyphosate was applied to leafy spurge-infested range sites in fall 1991 near Ainsworth, NE, and in fall 1991, 1992, and 1993 near Ansley, NE. Research areas were burned about 200 d after herbicide application to reduce plant residue. Monoculture stands of big bluestem and switchgrass were then no-till planted in each experiment and indiangrass was no-till planted in experiments initiated at Ansley in 1992 and 1993. Yields of the planted grasses, leafy spurge, and other vegetation were measured in August at each location starting the year after planting. Imazapyr was an essential component of treatments applied before planting to facilitate establishment of highly productive stands of the tallgrasses. Generally, yields were maximized by fall treatments of 0.28 kg/ha imazapyr + 0.1 kg/ha sulfometuron for big bluestem, 0.84 kg/ha imazapyr for indiangrass, and 0.84 kg/ha imazapyr + 0.1 kg/ha sulfometuron for switchgrass. Yields of the planted grasses were frequently four times greater where these herbicides were applied compared to where glyphosate or no herbicide were applied. Leafy spurge yields were usually reduced in areas where tallgrass yields were greatest. The sequential combination of suppressing vegetation with fall-applied herbicides, burning standing dead plant residue, then no-till planting desirable native tallgrasses in the spring increased productivity of these leafy spurge-infested range sites.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document