A rapid method for assessment of plant residue quality

2003 ◽  
Vol 166 (5) ◽  
pp. 662-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praveen-Kumar ◽  
Jagadish C. Tarafdar ◽  
Jitendra Panwar ◽  
Shyam Kathju
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Method ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Residue Quality ◽  
Plant Residue Quality

Effects of residue quality and climate on plant residue decomposition and nutrient release along the transect from humid forest to Sahel of West Africa

2007 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Tian ◽  
M. A. Badejo ◽  
A. I. Okoh ◽  
F. Ishida ◽  
G. O. Kolawole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Residue Quality ◽  
Humid Forest ◽  
Residue Decomposition

The interactive effects of soil disturbance and residue quality on soil nitrogen mineralisation in a tropical sandy soil

Soil Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Somchai Butnan ◽  
Patma Vityakon
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
N Mineralisation ◽  
Residue Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Mineralisation ◽  
Nitrate N

Soil conservation practices, such as reduced and no tillage, have been found to enhance soil nitrogen (N) sequestration through decreasing the rate of N mineralisation of added organic materials. Nitrogen mineralisation is not only affected by tillage, but also by the quality (chemical composition) of the organic residues. This study evaluated the interaction of residue quality and soil disturbance on N mineralisation in a sandy soil. A 112-day incubation experiment was conducted with two levels of soil disturbance (undisturbed and disturbed conditions) and five plant residue amendments of contrasting quality. The contrasting quality (N, lignin (L), and polyphenols (Pp)) (in g kg–1) amendments follow: (i) unamended; (ii) Sesbania grandiflora (N 44, L 173, Pp 9.2); (iii) Indigofera hirsuta (N 41, L 177, Pp 30); (iv) Dipterocarpus tuberculatus (N 8.2, L 203, Pp 71); and (v) Eucalyptus camaldulensis (N 9.7, L 126, Pp 110). Residues (ii) and (iii) were fresh legume leaves, while (iv) and (v) were non-legume leaf litter. Disturbance only significantly increased N mineralisation rates in the legume-residue treated soils (increases of 18.8% for S. grandiflora and 27.1% for I. hirsuta) during the early stage of decomposition (first 14 days). In the legume treatment, disturbance significantly increased the ammonification, but decreased nitrification in soil relative to undisturbed soils. The difference in patterns of ammonification and nitrification was more pronounced in the early than in the later period of decomposition. This indicated an inhibitory effect of soil disturbance on nitrification, which was particularly pronounced in the legume-treated soils. The Pp content of residues was the major quality parameter regulating the soil ammonium-N and nitrate-N concentrations. Minimum soil disturbance should be adopted under legume soil organic amendment so that both ammonification and nitrification components of N mineralisation process can occur normally, and nitrate-loving crops can take up N in the form of nitrate-N which will enhance their yields. Moreover, undisturbed conditions under legume organic amendments reduced N mineralisation, resulting in enhancing soil N sequestration.

Texture measurements in Al2O3 using BEKP

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 608-609
Author(s):  
M. D. Vaudin ◽  
J. P. Cline
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Rapid Method ◽  
Crystallographic Orientation ◽  
Specimen Surface ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Anisotropic Crystal ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Verification Method ◽  
Crystal Properties ◽  
Backscattered Electron

The study of preferred crystallographic orientation (texture) in ceramics is assuming greater importance as their anisotropic crystal properties are being used to advantage in an increasing number of applications. The quantification of texture by a reliable and rapid method is required. Analysis of backscattered electron Kikuchi patterns (BEKPs) can be used to provide the crystallographic orientation of as many grains as time and resources allow. The technique is relatively slow, particularly for noncubic materials, but the data are more accurate than any comparable technique when a sufficient number of grains are analyzed. Thus, BEKP is well-suited as a verification method for data obtained in faster ways, such as x-ray or neutron diffraction. We have compared texture data obtained using BEKP, x-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction. Alumina specimens displaying differing levels of axisymmetric (0001) texture normal to the specimen surface were investigated.BEKP patterns were obtained from about a hundred grains selected at random in each specimen.

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