Investigating gender differences in the science performance of 16-year-old pupils in the UK

2001 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 469-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Science Performance

“That's not how I see it”: female and male perspectives on the academic role

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 497-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Shaw ◽  
Catherine Cassell
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Business School ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Business Schools ◽  
School Context ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Academic Role ◽  
The Uk

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a piece of empirical work that examines gender differences in how academics make sense of performance within university business schools in the UK.Design/methodology/approachThe research reported draws on data collected using a life history and repertory grid methodology with male and female interviewees from two university business schools.FindingsThe findings are discussed in relation to how academics understand what is valued about their role and what they believe the organisation rewards and values when it comes to promotion. Gender differences are shown to exist in the ways women and men define the academic role and in what they think is important both to themselves and the institution.Originality/valueThe paper presents original data on gender differences within a business school context.

scholarly journals Gender, Flexibility Stigma and the Perceived Negative Consequences of Flexible Working in the UK

2018 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 521-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heejung Chung
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Work Life Balance ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Life Balance ◽  
Flexible Working ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
The Uk

AbstractThis study examines the prevalence and the gender differences in the perceptions and experiences of flexibility stigma—i.e., the belief that workers who use flexible working arrangements for care purposes are less productive and less committed to the workplace. This is done by using the 4th wave of the Work-Life Balance Survey conducted in 2011 in the UK. The results show that 35% of all workers agree to the statement that those who work flexibly generate more work for others, and 32% believe that those who work flexibly have lower chances for promotion. Although at first glance, men are more likely to agree to both, once other factors are controlled for, women especially mothers are more likely to agree to the latter statement. Similarly, men are more likely to say they experienced negative outcomes due to co-workers working flexibly, while again mothers are more likely to say they experienced negative career consequences due to their own flexible working. The use of working time reducing arrangements, such as part-time, is a major reason why people experience negative career outcomes, and can partially explain why mothers are more likely to suffer from such outcomes when working flexibly. However, this relationship could be reverse, namely, the stigma towards part-time workers may be due to negative perceptions society hold towards mothers’ commitment to work and their productivity. In sum, this paper shows that flexibility stigma is gendered, in that men are more likely to discriminate against flexible workers, while women, especially mothers, are more likely to suffer from such discrimination.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in the Dream Content of Children and Adolescents: The UK Library Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Schredl ◽  
Struck ◽  
Schwert ◽  
Blei ◽  
Henley-Einion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Dream Content ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals THE HISTORY OF BEAUTY AND THE AESTHETICS OF LONGEVITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S307-S307
Author(s):  
Naomi Woodspring
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Older People ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Cultural Narrative ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The Uk

Abstract A long standing cultural narrative is aging appearance is neither attractive nor acceptable. This has not always been the case; the aesthetics of older appearance has been appreciated other times in history. Significant numbers of older people in the public sphere, as a result of the longevity revolution, has created a sense of visibility of among older people, particularly women. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore current notions of beauty and age among the postwar generation. A diverse group of thirty-four women and men (born between 1945 -1955) from the US and the UK were interviewed with a focus on their own self-presentation and the acts of seeing and being seen. This paper explores the some of the findings from this study which asked the central question – can old people be beautiful and, if so, how is age and beauty defined? The majority of research participants answered in the affirmative and responded with clearly defined notions of age and beauty. The findings found significant gender differences; not within the central research question but in regard to their own appearance. There were also significant gender differences in terms of a ‘competitive’ or ‘cooperative’ gaze when observing other older people. This small study invites further research and points to a possible shift in the aesthetics of old age, in part, as a result of the longevity revolution. It provides an outline for further exploration of the importance of appearance, meaning, and a sense of self in old age.

scholarly journals Caregiving time costs and trade-offs: Gender differences in Sweden, the UK, and Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 100501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Stanfors ◽  
Josephine C. Jacobs ◽  
Jeffrey Neilson
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Time Costs ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Caries and Periodontal Status in UK Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Papadaki ◽  
Gail V A Douglas ◽  
Alaa HaniBani ◽  
Jing Kang
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Periodontal Status ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Uk

AbstractBackgroundGender inequalities in dental caries and periodontal diseases have been observed among adults. However, literature is scarce for children and evidence on gender inequalities regarding caries and/or periodontal diseases is vague. Our aim is to examine potential gender differences in UK children regarding caries experience and periodontal status using data from the UK’s 2013 Children’s Dental Health Survey (CDHS).MethodsCDHS included children aged 5, 8, 12 and 15 years. Their dental caries experience and periodontal status were reported using the number of decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT or dmft for permanent or primary dentition at both D1 and D3 thresholds) and the basic periodontal examination (BPE) score, respectively. Zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) models were used to fit DMFT/dmft and a multinomial logistic regression (MLR) model was used for BPE scores after adjustment for possible confounding factors, to assess the gender inequality on DMFT/dmft and BPE in the UK children.ResultsThe analyses included 9,866 children. No gender inequalities in caries experience were observed in the 5 and 8-year-old children regardless of the threshold at which dental caries were examined. However, for the 12- and 15-year-old adolescents, females had higher D3MFT scores compared to males (IRR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.10-1.49 and IRR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.00-1.35, respectively). Additionally, the 15-year-old females had lower probability to be caries free (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.45-0.82), regardless of the threshold at which dental caries were examined. With regards to the periodontal status, no statistically significant gender inequalities (p>0.05) were observed.ConclusionsIn the UK, female adolescents had experienced more carious lesions compared to males of the same age group, when dental caries were examined into dentine (D3MFT). However, 15-year-old males matched females in their caries experience, when the early enamel lesions were included in caries diagnosis (D1MFT). With regard to the periodontal status, no gender dissimilarity was confirmed among British adolescents. The increased risk of adolescent females to dental caries may signify additional needs for prevention and improved oral care.

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