MONITORING IMMUNE RESPONSES IN CANCER PATIENTS RECEIVING TUMOR VACCINES

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 283-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDWIN B. WALKER ◽  
MARY L. (NORA) DISIS
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Tumor Vaccines

scholarly journals A Novel Anti-PD-L1 Vaccine for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunoprevention

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Chen ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Tiffany Jehng ◽  
Yanqing Li ◽  
Zhoushi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Tumor Regression ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tumor Vaccines ◽  
Cell Responses

Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells that play a critical role in activating cellular and humoral immune responses. DC-based tumor vaccines targeting tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) have been extensively tested and demonstrated to be safe and potent in inducing anti-TAA immune responses in cancer patients. Sipuleucel-T (Provenge), a cancer vaccine of autologous DCs loaded with TAA, was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Sipuleucel-T prolongs patient survival, but has little or no effect on clinical disease progression or biomarker kinetics. Due to the overall limited clinical efficacy of tumor vaccines, there is a need to enhance their potency. PD-L1 is a key immune checkpoint molecule and is frequently overexpressed on tumor cells to evade antitumor immune destruction. Repeated administrations of PD-L1 or PD-1 antibodies have induced sustained tumor regression in a fraction of cancer patients. In this study, we tested whether vaccinations with DCs, loaded with a PD-L1 immunogen (PDL1-Vax), are able to induce anti-PD-L1 immune responses. We found that DCs loaded with PDL1-Vax induced anti-PD-L1 antibody and T cell responses in immunized mice and that PD-L1-specific CTLs had cytolytic activities against PD-L1+ tumor cells. We demonstrated that vaccination with PDL1-Vax DCs potently inhibited the growth of PD-L1+ tumor cells. In summary, this study demonstrates for the first time the principle and feasibility of DC vaccination (PDL1-Vax) to actively induce anti-PD-L1 antibody and T cell responses capable of inhibiting PD-L1+ tumor growth. This novel anti-PD-L1 vaccination strategy could be used for cancer treatment and prevention.

scholarly journals From Nanoparticles to Cancer Nanomedicine: Old Problems with New Solutions

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1727
Author(s):  
Chi-Ling Chiang ◽  
Ming-Huei Cheng ◽  
Chih-Hsin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Engineered Nanomaterials ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Cancer Nanomedicine ◽  
Made In ◽  
Target Cancer

Anticancer nanomedicines have been studied over 30 years, but fewer than 10 formulations have been approved for clinical therapy today. Despite abundant options of anticancer drugs, it remains challenging to have agents specifically target cancer cells while reducing collateral toxicity to healthy tissue. Nanocompartments that can be selective toward points deeply within malignant tissues are a promising concept, but the heterogeneity of tumor tissue, inefficiency of cargo loading and releasing, and low uniformity of manufacture required from preclinical to commercialization are major obstacles. Technological advances have been made in this field, creating engineered nanomaterials with improved uniformity, flexibility of cargo loading, diversity of surface modification, and less inducible immune responses. This review highlights the developmental process of approved nanomedicines and the opportunities for novel materials that combine insights of tumors and nanotechnology to develop a more effective nanomedicine for cancer patients.

scholarly journals Studies on cell-mediated immune responses in oral cancer patients

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 973-980
Author(s):  
Takashi FUJIBAYASHI ◽  
Osamu SATO ◽  
Yukimasa UTSUNOMIYA ◽  
Nagahisa FUJIMURA ◽  
Shigeyuki MIYAUCHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Oral Cancer Patients

scholarly journals The Adjuvant of α-Galactosylceramide Presented by Gold Nanoparticles Enhances Antitumor Immune Responses of MUC1 Antigen-Based Tumor Vaccines

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 16 ◽  
pp. 403-420
Author(s):  
Yonghui Liu ◽  
Zhaoyu Wang ◽  
Fan Yu ◽  
Mingjing Li ◽  
Haomiao Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Tumor Vaccines

scholarly journals Immune Responses to COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines in Patients with Solid Tumors on Active, Immunosuppressive Cancer Therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachna T Shroff ◽  
Pavani Chalasani ◽  
Ran Wei ◽  
Daniel Pennington ◽  
Grace Quirk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Control Cohort ◽  
Tumor Patients ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
B Cell Subsets

Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have shown high efficacy, but immunocompromised participants were excluded from controlled clinical trials. We evaluated immune responses to the Pfizer/BioNTech mRNA vaccine in solid tumor patients (n=52) on active cytotoxic anti-cancer therapy. These responses were compared to a control cohort that also received the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine (n=50). Using live SARS-CoV-2 assays, neutralizing antibodies were detected in 67% and 80% of cancer patients after the first and second immunizations, respectively, with a 3-fold increase in median titers after the booster. Similar trends were observed in serum antibodies against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and S2 regions of Spike protein, and in IFN𝛾+ Spike-specific T cells. The magnitude of each of these responses was diminished relative to the control cohort. We therefore quantified RBD- and Spike S1-specific memory B cell subsets as predictors of anamnestic responses to viral exposures or additional immunizations. After the second vaccination, Spike-specific plasma cell-biased memory B cells were observed in most cancer patients at levels similar to those of the control cohort after the first immunization. These data suggest that a third immunization might elevate antibody responses in cancer patients to levels seen in healthy individuals after the second dose. Trials should be conducted to test these predictions.

scholarly journals Immune responses to all ErbB family receptors detectable in serum of cancer patients

Oncogene ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1267-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Bei ◽  
Laura Masuelli ◽  
Enrica Moriconi ◽  
Vincenzo Visco ◽  
Anna Moretti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Erbb Family

scholarly journals Current Vaccine Trials in Glioblastoma: A Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda W. Xu ◽  
Kevin K. H. Chow ◽  
Michael Lim ◽  
Gordon Li
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Primary Brain Tumor ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Tumor Vaccines ◽  
Vaccine Trials ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Current Vaccine ◽  
Phase Iii Trials ◽  
Future Care ◽  
Potential Impact

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor, and despite aggressive therapy with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, average survival remains at about 1.5 years. The highly infiltrative and invasive nature of GBM requires that alternative treatments for this disease be widespread and targeted to tumor cells. Immunotherapy in the form of tumor vaccines has the potential to meet this need. Vaccines against GBM hold the promise of triggering specific and systemic antitumor immune responses that may be the key to eradicating this unrelenting cancer. In this review, we will discuss past and present clinical trials of various GBM vaccines and their potential impact on the future care of GBM patients. There have been many promising phase I and phase II GBM vaccine studies that have led to ongoing and upcoming phase III trials. If the results of these randomized trials show a survival benefit, immunotherapy will become a standard part of the treatment of this devastating disease.

Cell-Mediated Immune Responses of Breast Cancer Patients to Autologous Tumor-Associated Antigens2

1977 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Dean ◽  
J. L. McCoy ◽  
G. B. Cannon ◽  
C. M. Leonard ◽  
E. Perlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Autologous Tumor ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients
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