scholarly journals The Adjuvant of α-Galactosylceramide Presented by Gold Nanoparticles Enhances Antitumor Immune Responses of MUC1 Antigen-Based Tumor Vaccines

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 16 ◽  
pp. 403-420
Author(s):  
Yonghui Liu ◽  
Zhaoyu Wang ◽  
Fan Yu ◽  
Mingjing Li ◽  
Haomiao Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Tumor Vaccines

scholarly journals Current Vaccine Trials in Glioblastoma: A Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda W. Xu ◽  
Kevin K. H. Chow ◽  
Michael Lim ◽  
Gordon Li
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Primary Brain Tumor ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Tumor Vaccines ◽  
Vaccine Trials ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Current Vaccine ◽  
Phase Iii Trials ◽  
Future Care ◽  
Potential Impact

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor, and despite aggressive therapy with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, average survival remains at about 1.5 years. The highly infiltrative and invasive nature of GBM requires that alternative treatments for this disease be widespread and targeted to tumor cells. Immunotherapy in the form of tumor vaccines has the potential to meet this need. Vaccines against GBM hold the promise of triggering specific and systemic antitumor immune responses that may be the key to eradicating this unrelenting cancer. In this review, we will discuss past and present clinical trials of various GBM vaccines and their potential impact on the future care of GBM patients. There have been many promising phase I and phase II GBM vaccine studies that have led to ongoing and upcoming phase III trials. If the results of these randomized trials show a survival benefit, immunotherapy will become a standard part of the treatment of this devastating disease.

scholarly journals Application of Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lele Miao ◽  
Zhengchao Zhang ◽  
Zhijian Ren ◽  
Yumin Li
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Adoptive Cell Therapy ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Tumor Vaccines ◽  
Immunosuppressive Microenvironment

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies globally. It not only has a hidden onset but also progresses rapidly. Most HCC patients are already in the advanced stage of cancer when they are diagnosed, and have even lost the opportunity for surgical treatment. As an inflammation-related tumor, the immunosuppressive microenvironment of HCC can promote immune tolerance through a variety of mechanisms. Immunotherapy can activate tumor-specific immune responses, which brings a new hope for the treatment of HCC. At the present time, main immunotherapy strategies of HCC include immune checkpoint inhibitors, tumor vaccines, adoptive cell therapy, and so on. This article reviews the application and research progress of immune checkpoint inhibitors, tumor vaccines, and adoptive cell therapy in the treatment of HCC.

Gold nanoparticles enhance immune responses in mice against recombinant classical swine fever virus E2 protein

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1169-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yafei Li ◽  
Qianyue Jin ◽  
Peiyang Ding ◽  
Wen Zhou ◽  
Yongxiao Chai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Classical Swine Fever Virus ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
E2 Protein

scholarly journals Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) impair LPS-driven immune responses by promoting a tolerogenic-like dendritic cell phenotype with altered endosomal structures

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Michelini ◽  
Francesco Barbero ◽  
Alessandra Prinelli ◽  
Philip Steiner ◽  
Richard Weiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Dendritic Cell ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Memory T Cells ◽  
Central Memory ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Th1 Cells ◽  
Central Memory T Cells

This study shows that gold nanoparticles promote the differentiation of dendritic cells to a tolerogenic-like phenotype, affecting their ability to induce antibacterial immune responses mediated by Th1 cells and to activate central memory T cells.

Cell-based cancer gene therapy: breaking tolerance or inducing autoimmunity?

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Rodriguez-Lecompte ◽  
Steve Kruth ◽  
Steve Gyorffy ◽  
Yong-Hong Wan ◽  
Jack Gauldie
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Tumor Immunity ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Tumor Vaccines ◽  
Strong Immune Response ◽  
Tumor Associated Antigens ◽  
Tumor Types

AbstractThis review examines the mechanisms involved in anti-tumor immunity and how peptides present in many tumor types (tumor-associated antigens) are recognized by T cells from tumor-bearing cancer patients. Tumor-associated antigens are derived from proteins that are also expressed in normal cells. It is predicted that immune responses to such peptides will be compromised by self-tolerance or that stimulation of effective immune responses will be accompanied by autoimmunity. We also consider that the immunity induced against two autoantigens, which are highly conserved in vertebrates, involve qualitatively different mechanisms, such as the production of antibodies and cell-mediated immune responses. However, both pathways lead to tumor immunity and identical phenotypic manifestations of autoimmunity. Appropriate selection of the optimal tumor antigen is critical for the induction of an anti-tumor immune response. Thus, we stress that the methods for antigen presentation using dendritic cells play a critical role in the development of tumor vaccines, to break immune tolerance and induce a strong immune response against them. The viability and feasibility of expansion of canine dendritic cells from bone marrow and peripheral blood ex vivo for the treatment of spontaneous cancers in dogs is also discussed.

scholarly journals Strategies for Enhancing Vaccine-Induced CTL Antitumor Immune Responses

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Yong ◽  
Yü-Feng Xiao ◽  
Gang Luo ◽  
Bin He ◽  
Mu-Han Lü ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Tumor Antigens ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Antitumor Immune Response ◽  
Tumor Vaccines ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects

Vaccine-induced cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play a critical role in adaptive immunity against cancers. An important goal of current vaccine research is to induce durable and long-lasting functional CTLs that can mediate cytotoxic effects on tumor cells. To attain this goal, there are four distinct steps that must be achieved. To initiate a vaccine-induced CTL antitumor immune response, dendritic cells (DCs) must capture antigens derived from exogenous tumor vaccines in vivo or autologous DCs directly loaded in vitro with tumor antigens must be injected. Next, tumor-antigen-loaded DCs must activate CTLs in lymphoid organs. Subsequently, activated CTLs must enter the tumor microenvironment to perform their functions, at which point a variety of negative regulatory signals suppress the immune response. Finally, CTL-mediated cytotoxic effects must overcome the tolerance induced by tumor cells. Each step is a complex process that may be impeded in many ways. However, if these steps happen under appropriate regulation, the vaccine-induced CTL antitumor immune response will be more successful. For this reason, we should gain a better understanding of the basic mechanisms that govern the immune response. This paper, based on the steps necessary to induce an immune response, discusses current strategies for enhancing vaccine-induced CTL antitumor immune responses.

scholarly journals Monoclonal antibodies against GARP/TGF-β1 complexes inhibit the immunosuppressive activity of human regulatory T cells in vivo

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (284) ◽  
pp. 284ra56-284ra56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Cuende ◽  
Stéphanie Liénart ◽  
Olivier Dedobbeleer ◽  
Bas van der Woning ◽  
Gitte De Boeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Activation Mechanism ◽  
Immunosuppressive Activity ◽  
Tumor Vaccines ◽  
Tgf Β1

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential to prevent autoimmunity, but excessive Tregfunction contributes to cancer progression by inhibiting antitumor immune responses. Tregsexert contact-dependent inhibition of immune cells through the production of active transforming growth factor–β1 (TGF-β1). On the Tregcell surface, TGF-β1 is in an inactive form bound to membrane protein GARP and then activated by an unknown mechanism. We demonstrate that GARP is involved in this activation mechanism. Two anti-GARP monoclonal antibodies were generated that block the production of active TGF-β1 by human Tregs. These antibodies recognize a conformational epitope that requires amino acids GARP137–139within GARP/TGF-β1 complexes. A variety of antibodies recognizing other GARP epitopes did not block active TGF-β1 production by Tregs. In a model of xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease in NSG mice, the blocking antibodies inhibited the immunosuppressive activity of human Tregs. These antibodies may serve as therapeutic tools to boost immune responses to infection or cancer via a mechanism of action distinct from that of currently available immunomodulatory antibodies. Used alone or in combination with tumor vaccines or antibodies targeting the CTLA4 or PD1/PD-L1 pathways, blocking anti-GARP antibodies may improve the efficiency of cancer immunotherapy.

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